ES2553338T3 - Aparato para articular la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico - Google Patents
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Abstract
Un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico, que comprende: un árbol alargado (24) que tiene un juego (25) de mordazas opuestas asociado a un extremo distal del mismo y un mango (43, 44) asociado a un extremo proximal del mismo; una muñeca (18, 19) de articulación posicionada entre dicho árbol y dicho juego de mordaza para efectuar un movimiento de dichas mordazas con respecto a dicho árbol según se desee, tanto a izquierda como a derecha, a partir de una línea central: un activador (53) de articulación asociado a dicho mango (43, 44); al menos un elemento de transferencia de fuerza (34a, 34b) para trasladar la operación de un usuario de dicho activador en movimiento de dichas mordazas para controlar el grado de articulación de dicho instrumento; y una muñeca (22) de articulación adicional que comprende un juego de vértebras pivotantes que están conectadas entre sí, en el que cada vértebra está adaptada para pivotar a izquierda y a derecha a partir de una línea central con respecto a cualquiera de dicho árbol y dicho juego de mordaza, caracterizado por un mecanismo de bloqueo para evitar movimiento de dicha muñeca de articulación adicional mientras que un usuario lleva a cabo otras operaciones en dicho instrumento, un muelle (61) que tiene una forma que se desvía cuando se aplica una fuerza sobre el mismo; en el que dicho muelle está alojado en un portador circular (65); y en el que solo la porción desviable de dicho muelle es accesible y sobresale de dicho portador circular; un elemento giratorio (65) que tiene una porción circular eliminada de un área pivote; en el que dicho elemento giratorio está adaptado para acoplarse sobre dicho portador circular; y un patrón dentado (62) que se elimina de a lo largo de un diámetro interno de dicha porción circular de dicho elemento giratorio, y comprende unos dientes; comprendiendo dicho elemento giratorio unos brazos (53) que se extienden desde un cuerpo central del mismo al que dicho uno o más elementos de transferencia de fuerza están sujetos; en el que dicho muelle sobresale en unas escotaduras creadas por dicho patrón dentado; y en el que un ángulo de articulación de dicha muñeca de articulación adicional se controla predeterminando unas distancias entre dichos dientes y una distancia desde un punto de sujeción de dicho uno o más elemento de transferencia de fuerza a un punto pivote.
Description
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Aparato para articular la muñeca de un Instrumento de agarre laparoscópico
DESCRIPCIÓN
La invención se refiere a dispositivos médicos para uso durante procedimientos laparoscópicos. Más particularmente, la invención se refiere a un aparato para articular la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico.
La cirugía laparoscópica, también llamada cirugía mínimamente invasiva (CMI), cirugía por curitas, cirugía por incisión mínima o cirugía por agujero de alfiler es una técnica quirúrgica moderna en la que las operaciones en el abdomen se llevan a cabo a través de pequeñas incisiones, generalmente de 0,5-1,5 cm, comparadas con incisiones mayores que se requieren en procedimientos quirúrgicos tradicionales. La cirugía laparoscópica incluye operaciones en las cavidades abdominal o pélvica, mientras que la cirugía por incisión mínima llevada a cabo en la cavidad torácica o pectoral se llama cirugía toracoscópica. La cirugía laparoscópica y toracoscópica pertenecen al campo más amplio de la endoscopia.
El elemento clave en cirugía laparoscópica es el uso de un laparoscopio: un sistema de lente con varilla telescópica que está conectada por lo general a una cámara de vídeo (único chip o tres chips). También se acopla un sistema de cable de fibra óptica conectado a una fuente de luz fría (halógena o xenón), para iluminar el campo de operación, insertado a través de una cánula de 5 mm o 10 mm para visualizar el campo de operación. El abdomen se insufla por lo general con gas dióxido de carbono para crear un espacio de trabajo y de visualización. El abdomen se hincha fundamentalmente como un globo (insuflado), elevando la pared abdominal sobre los órganos internos como una bóveda. El gas usado es C02, ya que es normal para el cuerpo humano y puede eliminarse mediante el sistema respiratorio si se absorbe a través del tejido. También es no inflamable, lo que es importante debido al hecho de que normalmente se usan dispositivos electroquirúrgicos en procedimientos laparoscópicos.
La cirugía se lleva a cabo durante un procedimiento laparoscópico con cualquiera de las herramientas varias que se disponen normalmente en un extremo de un árbol largo y que se hacen funcionar mediante manipulación de un mango u otro activador posicionado en el otro extremo del árbol.
Un área de la cirugía laparoscópica que es objeto de interés actualmente es la de electrocauterización. La electrocauterización, también llamada cirugía eléctrica o electrocirugía, es el proceso de destrucción de tejido con electricidad y se usa ampliamente en la cirugía moderna. El procedimiento se usa frecuentemente para parar el sangrado de vasos pequeños, ligándose los vasos más grandes, o para cortar a través de tejido blando, es decir, grasa abdominal en una laparotomía o tejido mamario en una mastectomía.
El documento de los Estados Unidos US 6.077.87 A divulga un instrumento quirúrgico desechable que incluye un mango, una sección de vástago rígida que se extiende desde el mango y que define un eje longitudinal del instrumento quirúrgico, y una sección de vástago flexible que se extiende desde un extremo distal de la sección de vástago rígida. Una herramienta quirúrgica está conectada con un extremo distal de la sección de vástago flexible. La herramienta quirúrgica incluye una parte fija fijada para movimiento con el extremo distal de la sección de vástago flexible, y una parte movible soportada para movimiento pivotante con respecto a la parte fija alrededor de un eje pivote. La sección de vástago flexible incluye una pluralidad de vértebras o uniones relativamente pivotantes dispuestas entre un elemento de interfaz y la herramienta quirúrgica.
El documento WO 2007/146842 A divulga un instrumento que tiene las características del preámbulo de la
reivindicación 1.
El documento de los Estados Unidos US 5.766.196 A muestra un instrumento médico con un extremo distal orientable, que tiene un mango para activar el instrumento, una sección de funcionamiento distal para llevar a cabo un procedimiento médico, una sección media que conecta el mango con la sección de funcionamiento, siendo plegable al menos una porción de la sección media, y unos medios orientables en la porción plegable para permitir que la sección de funcionamiento se controle en dirección a un ángulo con respecto al eje de la sección media. Hay unos medios para girar la sección de funcionamiento distal en cualquier posición angular que se desee con respecto al eje longitudinal de la sección media. Un elemento de control controla la dirección de movimiento de la sección plegable en tres dimensiones, por lo que el extremo distal puede posicionarse en cualquier lugar en o fuera del eje longitudinal de la sección media.
Un problema con el estado de la técnica de dispositivos de electrocauterización para uso durante un procedimiento laparoscópico es el rango limitado de movimiento que proporcionan las mordazas de un dispositivo de este tipo, y la dificultad que encuentra un cirujano para posicionar un dispositivo de este tipo, y para hacer funcionar un dispositivo de este tipo a través de un rango de movimiento, durante un procedimiento laparoscópico.
La invención proporciona un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según se define en la reivindicación 1, o una
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cualquiera de las reivindicaciones dependientes.
Un modo de realización tiene un juego de mordazas opuestas que pueden articularse, tanto a izquierda como a derecha, a partir de una línea central. El modo de realización también proporciona un radio de pliegue apropiado y soporte para el elemento de activación de mordaza y el elemento de accionamiento de cortador. El soporte plegable para los elementos de accionamiento en el modo de realización comprende unos muelles helicoidales firmemente enrollados.
Otro ejemplo incorpora un método para controlar el grado de articulación en el mango del instrumento laparoscópico. La invención incorpora un mecanismo de bloqueo para evitar movimiento de la muñeca mientras que el usuario lleva a cabo otras operaciones en el dispositivo. El mecanismo de bloqueo también incluye una característica de indexación con la que el usuario puede indexar y elegir la cantidad requerida de ángulo entre ángulos predeterminados.
Breve descripción de los dibujos
La FIG. 1 es un diagrama en perspectiva que muestra la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 2 es un vista en planta que muestra una muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 3 es una vista esquemática que muestra un corte superior de un mecanismo de control de articulación de muñeca;
la FIG. 4 es un vista esquemática en perspectiva que muestra un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico; la FIG. 5 es otra vista en perspectiva de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 6 es un vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo de indexación para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 7 es un vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo de retención para un instrumento de agarre
laparoscópico;
la FIG. 8 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo de retención e indexación para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 9 es un vista esquemática en planta de un mecanismo de retención con bola de paso para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 10 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del mecanismo de retención con bola de paso para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 11 es una segunda vista esquemática en perspectiva del mecanismo de retención con bola de paso para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 12 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo de bloqueo de empuje para un control de articulación en un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 13 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva fantasma del mecanismo de bloqueo de empuje para un mecanismo de control de articulación en un Instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 14 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un pomo de asimiento para el mecanismo de bloqueo de empuje en un control de articulación para un Instrumento de agarre laparoscópico;
la FIG. 15 es una vista en corte parcialmente, en perspectiva de un dispositivo laparoscópico, que muestra un elemento de accionamiento; y
la FIG. 16 es una vista en perspectiva de un conjunto de accionamiento para una cuchilla de dispositivo laparoscópico.
Descripción detallada de la invención
La invención proporciona un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico que tiene un aparato para articular la muñeca del Instrumento de agarre laparoscópico. El instrumento médico tiene un juego de mordazas opuestas que pueden
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articularse, p. ej. 45 grados o de otra manera según se desee, tanto a izquierda como a derecha, a partir de una línea central. La invención también proporciona un radio de pliegue apropiado y soporte para el elemento de activación de mordaza y el elemento de accionamiento de cortador. El soporte plegable para los elementos de accionamiento en el modo de realización comprende unos muelles helicoidales firmemente enrollados.
Un ejemplo incorpora un método para controlar el grado de articulación en el mango del instrumento laparoscóplco. La invención incorpora un mecanismo de bloqueo para evitar movimiento de la muñeca mientras que el usuario lleva a cabo otras operaciones en el dispositivo. El mecanismo de bloqueo también incluye una característica de indexación con la que el usuario puede indexar y elegir la cantidad requerida de ángulo entre ángulos predeterminados.
El modo de realización comprende un instrumento médico, preferentemente para llevar a cabo un procedimiento laparoscópico, que comprende un juego de vértebras pivotantes que están conectadas unas a otras mediante pernos o mediante un cierre a presión. Cada vértebra está adaptada para pivotar con respecto a un árbol de dispositivo y un juego de mordaza, permitiendo por lo tanto una articulación a izquierda y a derecha. El grado de articulación se controla mediante alambres o cables que descienden a ambos lados de una muñeca de dispositivo. Entonces, los alambres se guían hacia abajo del árbol y se conectan en tensión a un mecanismo de control en un mango de dispositivo. Los cables o alambres se usan para transferir las fuerzas desde el mango a la muñeca.
Las vértebras forman el radio de pliegue apropiado para permitir que un elemento de transferencia de fuerza, como un alambre, pase a través de la muñeca sin retorcer el alambre. Además, en un modo de realización un muelle helicoidal firmemente enrollado está alojado en las juntas de la muñeca para guiar dicho alambre. El muelle helicoidal firmemente enrollado proporciona soporte adicional al alambre, de manera que cuando el alambre se mueve de una dirección proxlmal a una distal, no cede ni se retuerce.
El mecanismo de control en el mango consiste en un conjunto giratorio que recibe los elementos de transferencia de fuerza desde la muñeca. El conjunto giratorio está montado de manera pivotante en el mango, y la forma del mecanismo de control permite un giro concéntrico alrededor del pivote de manera que el movimiento longitudinal de los alambres o cables a lo largo del árbol pueden controlarse, basándose en la distancia desde el pivote al punto de sujeción de dichos alambres o cables. El ángulo de articulación se controla mediante la distancia en que el elemento de transferencia de fuerza se mueve, que está predeterminada mediante la geometría de la muñeca.
Existen varios modos de realización que comprenden una característica de bloqueo e Indexación.
En un primer modo de realización, un acero para muelle está formado con una geometría que se desvía cuando se aplica una fuerza, como con un muelle de lámina. El muelle de lámina está alojado en un portador circular, con solo la porción desviable del muelle accesible y sobresaliendo de un portador circular. Un elemento giratorio con una porción circular eliminada de su área pivote se acopla sobre el portador circular. También se elimina un patrón dentado de a lo largo del diámetro interno de la porción circular del elemento giratorio. El elemento giratorio Incluye unos brazos que se extienden desde su cuerpo central al que el cable o alambres están sujetos. El muelle de tipo lámina sobresale en las escotaduras creadas por el patrón dentado. El ángulo de articulación se controla predeterminando las distancias entre los dientes y la distancia desde el punto de sujeción del cable o alambres al punto pivote.
En un segundo modo de realización, se monta un émbolo de muelle en el portador circular. El émbolo de muelle engrana con las escotaduras creadas por el patrón dentado.
En un tercer modo de realización, el elemento giratorio descrito más arriba no tiene brazos que se extienden desde su cuerpo central. Un ala se monta encima del elemento giratorio. Entonces, se manipula el ala para controlar el giro alrededor del portador circular.
En un cuarto modo de realización, se monta una bisagra plástica del mismo material cerca del mango. La bisagra plástica del mismo material usa una forma de V que se acopla en una ranura de un alojamiento externo que rodea la bisagra del mismo material. La punta de la forma de V sobresale desde cada ranura. Hay una serie de ranuras a lo largo de la longitud del alojamiento externo. El alojamiento encaja con el cable y alambres que controlan la articulación de la muñeca. El usuario puede ajustar y bloquear la articulación de la muñeca presionando primeramente hacia abajo en la bisagra del mismo material para desencajar la posición de bloqueo actual, moviendo entonces el alojamiento externo desde una posición proximal a una distal o viceversa, que se bloquea entonces volviendo a encajar con la bisagra del mismo material en cualquiera de las distancias varias predeterminadas fijada por las ranuras. Estas distancias determinan el ángulo al que se articula la muñeca.
En un ejemplo, el mecanismo giratorio descrito más arriba gira libremente alrededor del pivote. Cuando el usuario ha determinado el ángulo de articulación, se hunde un botón montado encima del pivote, que bloquea el ángulo de la muñeca y el mecanismo giratorio, evitando por lo tanto cualquier movimiento más tanto del mecanismo giratorio como de la muñeca. Esto puede conseguirse usando un diseño de tipo cuña que se ancla en el perno pivote, que en
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este modo de realización es un tubo. Un mínimo de una sola ranura se diseña en el perno pivote. Cuando el botón se hunde, las propiedades inherentes de muelle del botón se ensanchan desde la ranura. El material ensanchado usa la fricción para evitar movimiento del mecanismo giratorio. El propio botón se queda en el lugar debido a un diseño en cuña en la parte superior.
Como continuación a la exposición anterior, ahora se proporciona una explicación más detallada de la invención en relación con las FIG. 1 a 14.
La FIG. 1 es una primera vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo laparoscópico. La FIG. 1 es una vista parcial que muestra el árbol principal 24 del dispositivo y el conjunto 25 de mordaza, que comprende una mordaza superior 13 y una mordaza inferior 11. En este modo de realización, la mordaza superior es pivotante lejos de y hacia la mordaza inferior alrededor de un punto pivote 17, que, en este modo de realización, comprende un perno o eje. En otros modos de realización, la mordaza inferior puede ser pivotante también, pero en el modo de realización mostrado en la FIG. 1, la mordaza inferior está fija. El pivotamiento de la mordaza superior se consigue trasmitiendo tensión a un perno 18 de activación de mordaza, que es movible, en una ranura de activación 19. Normalmente, se aplica tensión mediante un cable sujeto al perno de activación de mordaza. Por lo tanto, se consigue movimiento de las mordazas. Las mordazas, por su parte, se configuran para procedimientos laparoscópicos de este tipo como corte de tejido y electrocauterización. Por consiguiente, como se muestra en la mordaza de abajo 11, se proporciona un electrodo distal 12, integrado en el portador plástico 15. También se muestra un segundo electrodo proximal 15. Se muestra una hendidura de corte 14 para recibir una cuchilla durante una operación de seccionamiento. La cuchilla no se muestra en la FIG. 1.
Durante procedimientos laparoscópicos, es deseable ser capaz de posicionar las mordazas del dispositivo desde izquierda a derecha para lograr el mejor ángulo de aproximación al tejido que se va a tratar: Es clave para la invención proporcionar una muñeca articulada 22, que comprende una pluralidad de discos o vértebras 21 de articulación. La articulación se consigue tensionando un par de cables que se exponen más abajo y de los que se muestra una terminación en la FIG. 1 como un alambre, que está soldado o engarzado en una hendidura en un punto 20 de terminación de cable. Además, la FIG. 1 muestra un retén para un tubo de árbol exterior o mecanismo de abrazadera para sostener la muñeca al tubo. Esto se muestra mediante una ranura 23 de abrazadera.
La FIG. 2 es una vista superior o en planta del dispositivo laparoscópico que muestra las mordazas 25 y el árbol 24. En particular, la muñeca articulada 22 se muestra con mayor detalle. En este modo de realización, una pluralidad de vértebras comprende unos discos con bisagra, pivotantes interconectados, donde los discos 21 están articulados unos con otros y comprenden una serie de proyecciones 27 de tipo bola, que se encajan en unas hendiduras complementarias 28. El conjunto 25 de mordaza en este modo de realización muestra una proyección 29 de tipo bola, que se encaja en una hendidura del disco de articulación y el árbol 24 incluye una hendidura complementaria 30 para recibir una proyección de tipo bola de un disco de articulación. Como se puede ver en la FIG. 2, también se muestra un cable 31. El cable es un conjunto de funda de conducto helicoidal que, en este modo de realización, se usa para hacer funcionar una cuchilla en la mordaza. El conjunto helicoidal permite que el cable se pliegue con la articulación del dispositivo sin retorcerse, como se ha expuesto más arriba.
La FIG. 3 es un vista esquemática lateral en corte parcialmente de un mecanismo de activación 32 para hacer funcionar la junta de articulación. En la FIG. 3, se muestra un control 33 de articulación de muñeca que tiene dos cuchillas activadas por dedos para pivotar el control alrededor de un punto pivote 35. Esta acción de pivotamiento respectivamente aplica atención a y llama la atención de un par de cables de control 34a/34b, que, en este modo de realización, son cables de Nitinol pretensados. Los expertos en la técnica apreciarán que pueden usarse otros materiales de cable. El funcionamiento del control de articulación de muñeca hace que un cable tire del conjunto 25 de mordaza, haciendo por lo tanto que el conjunto de mordaza se mueva a izquierda o a derecha según se desee. Para la invención es clave proporcionar los discos de articulación que permiten que se produzca una articulación de este tipo. En la técnica anterior, se sabe que pueden proporcionarse unos mecanismos tales como lineas de separación u otros mecanismos plegables. Sin embargo, estos mecanismos están sujetos tanto al estrés, que reduce su eficacia con el tiempo, como a que conservan un efecto memoria, de manera que existe una tendencia de que estos regresen a su posición inicial, en vez de mantener una posición que desea el cirujano que usa el dispositivo. La invención impide en la presente memoria ambos efectos perjudiciales de funcionamiento del dispositivo.
La FIG. 4 es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo laparoscópico que muestra un alojamiento 43 que tiene un mango 44 y un disparador 45 de activación de mordaza que hace funcionar un enlace de cuatro barras u otro tipo de enlace 46 para transmitir tensión a través del árbol principal 24 y de esta manera hace funcionar las mordazas para abrir y cerrar estas según se desee. En la FIG. 4 también se muestra un activador 42 de cuchilla por el que puede recogerse una cuchilla a través de la hendidura que se ha expuesto más arriba. Un girador 41 de árbol permite que el árbol se gire alrededor de un acceso de árbol, mientras que el control 33 de articulación de muñeca permite que se haga funcionar el mecanismo de muñeca. Nótese que en la FIG. 4 el control de articulación de muñeca incluye una ranura de control 40 que tanto guía como contiene el recorrido del control 33 de articulación de muñeca.
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La FIG. 5 es una vista en perspectiva de otro modo de realización en el que el girador 51 de árbol está contenido en el alojamiento 57. Este modo de realización también Incluye un activador 52 de cuchilla, un control 53 de articulación de muñeca, un mango 54, y un disparador 55 de activación de mordaza.
La FIG. 6 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del control de activación de muñeca del dispositivo laparoscóplco mostrado en la FIG. 5. Una porción base 66 soporta una proyección en anillo 65 que, a su vez, hospeda al control 53. Se muestran unos cables tensados 34a/34b que tienen bolas de terminación, que proporcionan una parada 64a/64b de cable. Los cables están bobinados en el activador 53 de control a través de unas hendiduras respectivas 63a/63b. Un disco de indexaclón 61 incluye una pluralidad de retenciones 62. Un muelle plano 61 está dispuesto para encajar en dichas retenciones para proporcionar un mecanismo de parada para asegurar las mordazas en una posición seleccionada evitando movimiento del control 53 de articulación, excepto cuando lo desee un usuario del dispositivo.
La FIG. 7 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de la porción base 66 del control de articulación que muestra el mecanismo de muelle 61 que se asienta en un rebaje 70 de la proyección de tipo anillo 65.
La FIG. 8 es una vista en perspectiva esquemática del control 53 de articulación que muestra las retenciones 62 con mayor detalle.
La FIG. 9 muestra un modo de realización alternativo, en el que un control 93 de articulación Incluye una pluralidad de retenciones 92 formadas en un disco 97 de indexaclón de retenciones. El funcionamiento del control 93 hace que gire alrededor de un punto pivote 91 y encaja una bola de paso 95 en una de una pluralidad de retenciones 92 formadas en el anillo de indexaclón. Un mecanismo 94 de émbolo de bola mantiene un sesgo en la bola de paso 95. El control 93 de ¡ndexación Incluye un par de puntos de sujeción 98a/98b, que se exponen con mayor detalle más abajo.
La FIG. 10 es una vista en perspectiva del mecanismo de control de índice para el mecanismo de articulación en el dispositivo laparoscópico. Como se muestra en la FIG. 10, se proporcionan un par de hendiduras 100a/100b para recibir unos cables de control (no mostrados).
La FIG. 11 es otra vista en perspectiva del mecanismo de control para la muñeca de articulación en un dispositivo laparoscóplco. La FIG. 11 muestra claramente la disposición del control 93 de articulación en relación con el anillo 97 de indexaclón, y en particular muestra la sujeción ahí entre un par de pernos 98a/98b.
La FIG. 12 es otro modo de realización que muestra un mecanismo de indexación que comprende un perno 120 de indexación, que está encajado en una ranura 121.
La FIG. 13 es una vista en perspectiva en corte que muestra el perno 120 de indexación que comprende una porción de cabeza 131 y una pluralidad de porciones ensanchadas 130 que encajan o desencajan con un bloque de bloqueo 133. Por consiguiente, este modo de realización comprende un retén de trabado en el que un hundimiento del perno 120 traba la porción ensanchada 130 del perno en el bloque 133 y por lo tanto evita el giro del mecanismo de control de activación.
La FIG. 14 es una vista en detalle del mecanismo de trabado que muestra el perno 120, la cabeza 131 y los ensanchamientos 130 con mayor detalle.
La FIG. 15 es una vista en corte parcialmente, en perspectiva de un dispositivo laparoscópico, que muestra un elemento de accionamiento. Los elementos de accionamiento pueden estar hechos de un alambre redondo (acero inoxidable o Nitinol), que usa muelles helicoidales firmemente enrollados para soporte. Los elementos de accionamiento también pueden ser bandas 150 de acero inoxidable planas, como se muestra en las FIG. 15 y 16. La FIG. 15 muestra la sección de muñeca del dispositivo, mientras que la FIG. 16 muestra solo los componentes de interés; es decir: la banda 150 de activación de mordaza, el perno de cierre 160, y la cuchilla de corte 161. Este modo de realización ha sustituido el alambre redondo por bandas planas y soporta las bandas usando la estructura interna de las vértebras. Otros modos de realización pueden usar bandas de polímero planas para proporcionar soporte adicional. Estas bandas podrían ser tanto de PTFE (Teflon®) o FEP. La estructura de soporte también puede conllevar una tubería retráctil de PTFE o FEP sobre la cuchilla y/o la banda de activación de mordaza.
Claims (13)
- 51015202530354045505560REIVINDICACIONES1. Un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico, que comprende:un árbol alargado (24) que tiene un juego (25) de mordazas opuestas asociado a un extremo distal del mismo y un mango (43, 44) asociado a un extremo proximal del mismo;una muñeca (18, 19) de articulación posicionada entre dicho árbol y dicho juego de mordaza para efectuar un movimiento de dichas mordazas con respecto a dicho árbol según se desee, tanto a izquierda como a derecha, a partir de una línea central:un activador (53) de articulación asociado a dicho mango (43, 44);al menos un elemento de transferencia de fuerza (34a, 34b) para trasladar la operación de un usuario de dicho activador en movimiento de dichas mordazas para controlar el grado de articulación de dicho instrumento; yuna muñeca (22) de articulación adicional que comprende un juego de vértebras pivotantes que están conectadas entre sí, en el que cada vértebra está adaptada para pivotar a izquierda y a derecha a partir de una línea central con respecto a cualquiera de dicho árbol y dicho juego de mordaza, caracterizado porun mecanismo de bloqueo para evitar movimiento de dicha muñeca de articulación adicional mientras que un usuario lleva a cabo otras operaciones en dicho instrumento,un muelle (61) que tiene una forma que se desvía cuando se aplica una fuerza sobre el mismo; en el que dicho muelle está alojado en un portador circular (65); yen el que solo la porción desviable de dicho muelle es accesible y sobresale de dicho portador circular; un elemento giratorio (65) que tiene una porción circular eliminada de un área pivote; en el que dicho elemento giratorio está adaptado para acoplarse sobre dicho portador circular; yun patrón dentado (62) que se elimina de a lo largo de un diámetro interno de dicha porción circular de dicho elemento giratorio, y comprende unos dientes;comprendiendo dicho elemento giratorio unos brazos (53) que se extienden desde un cuerpo central delmismo al que dicho uno o más elementos de transferencia de fuerza están sujetos;en el que dicho muelle sobresale en unas escotaduras creadas por dicho patrón dentado; yen el que un ángulo de articulación de dicha muñeca de articulación adicional se controla predeterminandounas distancias entre dichos dientes y una distancia desde un punto de sujeción de dicho uno o máselemento de transferencia de fuerza a un punto pivote.
- 2. El instrumento según la reivindicación 1, que comprende además:un elemento de activación de mordaza.
- 3. El instrumento según la reivindicación 1 o 2, que comprende además:un cortador; yun elemento de accionamiento de cortador.
- 4. El instrumento según la reivindicación 1, 2 o 3, que comprende además:un soporte plegable para dicho elemento de transferencia de fuerza que comprende un muelle helicoidal firmemente enrollado alojado en dichas juntas de muñeca para guiar dicho elemento de accionamiento.
- 5. El instrumento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, comprendiendo dicho mecanismo de bloqueo además:un mecanismo de indexación con el que dicho usuario puede indexar y elegir una cantidad requerida de ángulo de mordaza entre ángulos predeterminados.
- 6. El instrumento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, comprendiendo dicho elemento de transferencia de fuerza:uno o más alambres o cables que descienden a ambos lados de la muñeca de articulación adicional para transferir fuerzas desde dicho activador a dicha muñeca.
- 7. El instrumento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, comprendiendo dicho activador:un conjunto giratorio que recibe dicho uno o más elementos de transferencia de fuerza desde dicha muñeca; en el que dicho conjunto giratorio se monta para pivotar alrededor de un punto pivote en dicho mango; y51015202530en el que dicho activador está configurado para giro concéntrico alrededor de dicho punto pivote; en el que un movimiento longitudinal de dicho uno o más elementos de transferencia de fuerza a lo largo de dicho árbol se controla, basándose en una distancia desde dicho punto pivote a un punto de sujeción de dicho uno o más elementos de transferencia de fuerza.
- 8. El instrumento según la reivindicación 7, en el que un ángulo de articulación se controla mediante una distancia en que dicho uno o más elementos de transferencia de fuerza se mueven, que está predeterminada mediante dicha geometría de muñeca.
- 9. El instrumento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, comprendiendo dicho mecanismo de bloqueo además:un ala se monta encima de un elemento giratorio;en el que dicha ala está adaptada para manipularse para controlar un giro de dicho elemento giratorio alrededor de un portador circular.
- 10. El instrumento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, comprendiendo dicho juego de mordaza además:al menos un juego de electrodos para recibir una carga eléctrica y para impartir dicha carga a un órgano o tejido durante un procedimiento de electrocauterización.
- 11. El instrumento según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, que comprende además un elemento de accionamiento de instrumento que efectúa una operación de un instrumento seleccionado como respuesta a una activación de instrumento de usuario seleccionada.
- 12. El instrumento según la reivindicación 11, comprendiendo dicho elemento de accionamiento una banda plana.
- 13. El instrumento según la reivindicación 11, comprendiendo dicha operación de instrumento un movimiento de una cuchilla.
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| US12/027,231 US20090198272A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2008-02-06 | Method and apparatus for articulating the wrist of a laparoscopic grasping instrument |
| PCT/US2009/033443 WO2009100366A2 (en) | 2008-02-06 | 2009-02-06 | Method and apparatus for articulating the wrist of a laparoscopic grasping instrument |
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-
2008
- 2008-02-06 US US12/027,231 patent/US20090198272A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2009-02-06 MX MX2010008634A patent/MX2010008634A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2009-02-06 CN CN200980104230XA patent/CN101938946B/zh active Active
- 2009-02-06 CN CN2013102718322A patent/CN103405262A/zh active Pending
- 2009-02-06 WO PCT/US2009/033443 patent/WO2009100366A2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2009-02-06 ES ES09707446.2T patent/ES2553338T3/es active Active
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- 2009-02-06 CA CA2713983A patent/CA2713983C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2009-02-06 KR KR1020107017567A patent/KR101610974B1/ko active Active
- 2009-02-06 JP JP2010546064A patent/JP5704926B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011510800A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
| BRPI0908061B1 (pt) | 2019-07-16 |
| AU2009212240A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| KR20100118573A (ko) | 2010-11-05 |
| CA2713983A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| AU2009212240B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
| CN101938946A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
| WO2009100366A3 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
| EP2240095A4 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
| US20090198272A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| EP2240095B1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
| MX2010008634A (es) | 2010-12-02 |
| JP5704926B2 (ja) | 2015-04-22 |
| BRPI0908061A2 (pt) | 2015-08-11 |
| BRPI0908061B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
| KR101610974B1 (ko) | 2016-04-20 |
| CN101938946B (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
| WO2009100366A2 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| EP2240095A2 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| CA2713983C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
| CN103405262A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
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