CN1107780C - 铺地板材料 - Google Patents

铺地板材料 Download PDF

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CN1107780C
CN1107780C CN99816131A CN99816131A CN1107780C CN 1107780 C CN1107780 C CN 1107780C CN 99816131 A CN99816131 A CN 99816131A CN 99816131 A CN99816131 A CN 99816131A CN 1107780 C CN1107780 C CN 1107780C
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约兰·马坦森
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Unilin Nordic AB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02005—Construction of joints, e.g. dividing strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0107—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges
    • E04F2201/0115—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels substantially in their own plane, perpendicular to the abutting edges with snap action of the edge connectors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/025—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongue and grooves alternating transversally in the direction of the thickness of the panel, e.g. multiple tongue and grooves oriented parallel to each other
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/026—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with rabbets, e.g. being stepped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/02—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04F2201/027—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections connected by tongues and grooves, the centerline of the connection being inclined to the top surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0517—U- or C-shaped brackets and clamps
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
    • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape

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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Escalators And Moving Walkways (AREA)
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Abstract

具有方形，矩形或菱形地板(1)的铺地板材料。地板(1)带有边缘(2)，水平的下侧面(5)和水平的装饰上表面(3)。地板(1)在两个相邻的边缘(2)处设置下接合唇(10)，而在两个剩余的边缘(2)处设置上接合唇(20)。下接合唇(10)带有垂直的下唇表面(11)，它平行排列至最近的边缘(2)，下唇表面(11)可与设置在上接合唇(20)上的垂直的上唇表面(21)配合。两个接合的相邻的地板(1)在水平方向上锁定到一起。接合唇(10，20)分别带有一个或多个跟部(31)用于与接受它的凹槽(32)快速接合，凹槽(32)带有水平的锁定表面，限制了两个接合的相邻的地板(1)之间的垂直移动。这种铺地板材料可借助向下施压而快速装配。

Description

铺地板材料
技术领域
本发明涉及铺地板材料。
背景技术
边缘带有舌榫和槽的预加工地板是今天众所周知的。由于它们易于安装，因而可以由一般水平的工人完成。这种地板可以由实木，碎屑板或纤维板制成，这些地板最常见的是带有顶面供应，例如喷漆的或某种层压板。此种地板最常用的接合方式是通过它们的舌榫和槽胶接。然而，最常用的这种地板具有的缺点是，如果它们不认真地安装，则地板之间形成宽度不同的间隙。尘土将积聚在这些间隙中。还有水分也会进入接头，它引起心材膨胀，在通常情况下心材是由实木，纤维板或碎屑板制成的。这种膨胀会引起顶面升起非常接近接头，它完全降低了地板的使用寿命，这是由于地板凸起的边缘的磨损增加。为了避免这种间隙，已知可使用各种拉伸装置，用于在安装地板时夹持地板。然而，这种操作相当麻烦，以及希望达到带有接头可以自定位的地板，以及从而可自动寻找正确位置。还应该有可能使用这种接头时不使用胶接。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种易于安装的解决了上述现有技术问题的铺地板材料。
为实现本发明的上述目的，本发明提供了一种铺地板材料，具有呈方形、矩形、菱形地板，用于垂直接合，地板带有边缘，水平的下侧面和水平的装饰上表面，地板在两个相邻的边缘处设置下接合唇，而在两个剩余的边缘处设置上接合唇，其特征在于下接合唇带有垂直的下唇表面，它平行排列至最近的边缘，下唇表面可与设置在上接合唇上的垂直的上唇表面配合，从而使两个相邻的地板在水平方向上锁定到一起，以及接合唇分别带有一个或多个跟部用于与接受它的凹槽快速接合，凹槽带有水平的锁定表面，限制了两个接合的相邻的地板之间的垂直移动，而具有地板的铺地板材料，其地板的接合是借助向下施压而实现。
接合到一起的两个地板的接头最好具有配合表面，它由凹槽和跟部上的水平的锁定表面，垂直的上唇表面和上配合表面组成。接合到一起的两个地板之间的接头也适合于具有空腔。
按照本发明的一个实施例，跟部是由设置在空腔内的弹性部件组成。另一方面，凹槽是由设置在空腔内的弹性部件组成。这种弹性部件适合用挤压的热塑性树脂型材，热固性树脂型材或金属或类似材料的挤压或冷锻型材制造。这些弹性部件可以用不同的方式处理。一种适合的方式是预先将它们安装在用于此目的的空腔内。当地板安装时，这些弹性部件将处于正确的位置。然而，所选择的材料将受到某些限制，因为某些地板在安装条件下不得不切割，这时地板和弹性部件不得不同时切割。由脆性材料，例如热固性树脂制成的薄型材，如果用普通的原木锯切割时它可能震碎，而对于钢实际不可能用这种工具切割。由于地板本身经常具有纤维板或碎屑板的心材，以及热固性层压板的表面，切割工具的选择受到某些限制。铝、或热塑性树脂，例如，最好是含有填料的聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚酰胺或聚苯乙烯，是适用的，这里希望有预先装配的弹性部件。预先装配的弹性部件适合具有的长度仅略短于它们安装的侧面。地板的占优势的尺寸是200×1200mm。
也有可能在安装地板时装配弹性部件。因而弹性部件的材料选择更加自由，因为它们可以制成不同的和较短的长度。这样就变得可以选择弹簧钢，它将提供优异的锁定。装配后弹性部件的适宜长度为由几厘米至二十厘米。
在安装不使用胶粘剂的地板时，具有上述地板的铺地板材料是非常适合的。当然，它也可以使用胶粘剂或胶带，使安装成为不可逆的永久性的。在地板接合前，胶粘剂或胶带适合使用在可能的空腔内。
按照本发明的地板不同于普通的向下压紧接合的地板。通常已知的地板是借助加力或敲击到一起而水平装配。某些已知的地板是借助转动或撬入位置而装配。这些已知的地板是垂直引导的，以及在少数情况下也可水平引导，它在舌榫和槽题目上作了大量改变。在地板水平度上用人工水平施加足够的力非常困难，而在安装这种地板时需要不同种类的拉伸装置。当按照本发明安装地板时，安装者仅需要对接头施加其本身的部分重力，地板就迅速接合到一起。因此变得有可能，只要地板正确放置，就可以把地板足踏就位。
这样就有可能在站立时使用极简单的工具，例如，在下端带有吸气杯的两根棒来安装地板。这样就有可能安装地板时不需要用膝盖爬行。工业损伤，例如背部和膝盖问题在地板安装工人中普遍存在。
附图说明
下面参见示出本发明不同实施例的附图详细说明本发明，附图中：
图1示出按照本发明的地板1的两个相对的边缘2的实施例，这里示出横剖面以便于了解本发明。
图2a和2b示出本发明的第二实施例。图2a示出装配前两个地板1的两个相邻的边缘2的横剖面，而图2b示出接合后相同的两个地板1。
图3a和3b示出本发明的另一实施例。图3a示出装配前两个地板1的两个相邻的边缘2的横剖面，而图3b示出接合后相同的两个地板1。
图4示出图3a和3b实施例的几何形状的改变。
图5示出图3a和3b实施例的另一几何形状改变。
具体实施方式
图1示出包括地板1的铺地板材料的局部。地板1带有边缘2，水平的下侧面5和水平的上装饰表面3。地板1在两个相邻边缘2处设置下接合唇10(图中仅示出一个)，而在两个剩余的边缘2处设置上接合唇20(图中仅示出一个)。下接合唇10带有基本垂直的下唇表面11，它平行于最近的边缘2排列。下唇表面11有意地与设置在上接合唇20上的基本垂直的上唇表面21配合，从而使两个相邻的地板1在垂直方向上锁定到一起。接合唇10和20还分别各自具有一个跟部31和匹配凹槽32。两个接合的相邻地板1之间的垂直移动被限制，因为凹槽32和跟部31分别带有实质上水平的锁定表面。接合表面也带有配合表面3′以避免接头中不希望的间隙。接合边缘的几何形状仅为示意图，当然，在本发明的范围内可以在许多方面改变。
按照本发明的地板1的一个实施例，地板1具有心材，它被上装饰表面3覆盖。心材最通常是由胶粘剂或树脂粘合的木碎屑或纤维组成，由于心材的材料对水分敏感，如果地板将暴露于水分中，则最接近接头区最好进行处理。这种处理适宜使用树脂、石蜡、或某种清漆。如果地板1准备胶接，则不需要进行处理，因为胶粘剂本身就可以防止接头被水分渗透。装饰上表面是由浸渍密胺-甲醛树脂的装饰纸组成。在装饰纸的上面适宜放置一层或多层浸渍密胺-甲醛树脂的α-纤维素纸作为面层，上述一层或多层面层可以喷洒硬质颗粒，例如α氧化铝，碳化硅或氧化硅可以加入浸渍液中以增加耐磨性。浸渍树脂纸可以在贴到心材上之前或在贴制时固化。当上装饰表面3是由多于一层纸组成时，这些纸层适宜在贴到心材上之前制成夹层。下侧面5适合涂清漆或涂贴树脂浸渍纸。
按照本发明的另一代替的实施例，地板1的心材是由混合物组成，混合物是4-6重量份的颗粒，例如颗粒是平均尺寸在50μm-3000μm范围内的木纤维与4-6重量份的热塑性聚合物混合而成。颗粒可以部分或完全由其它的有机材料组成，例如，树皮、亚麻、禾杆、谷物淀粉、果汁渣等。还有可能使用无机颗粒，例如，石粉、砂子、生石灰、云母等部分或全部代替有机颗粒。
热塑性材料适宜使用聚烯烃类，例如，聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚丁烯，但也可使用其它的，例如，聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物、聚酰胺、聚氯乙烯或聚碳酸酯。
材料中可以加入添加剂以便改进心材的弹性和声学性能至希望值。这些添加剂可举出乙基-乙烯基乙酸酯，邻苯二酸二乙酯，邻苯二甲酸二异丁醇或环氧化有机油。
上述特定的心材的可能的上表面可提一下热固性层压板，它包括至少一层浸渍密胺-甲醛树脂的装饰纸。在本申请前面所述的地板中可以加上面层纸和硬质颗粒。上装饰表面还可以由丙烯酸箔、丙烯酸清漆和它们的复合物组成。它还可以由聚烯烃或聚烯烃的衍生物的箔或清漆组成。
在某些组合中可能产生地板的不同材料之间粘接的问题。这些问题通常表现为分层，低的冲击强度或起泡，克服它们的方法是在地板特定的材料中加入0.01-1份枝晶大分子与链终止剂组合，以增加不同材料之间的化学接合。还有可能用含有或喷洒α氧化铝，碳化硅或氧化硅硬质颗粒的丙烯酸清漆涂覆装饰表面。涂覆最常使用滚筒法式雾帘法。适宜的丙烯酸清漆例如是辐射固化的，它们在电子束或紫外线下固化，在未固化清漆内形成游离基。
图2a和2b示出本发明的第二实施例。图2a示出接合前两个地板的相邻的边缘2的横剖面，而图2b示出接合后相同的地板。所示的实施例基本上与图1所示的相同。但是，图2a，2b所示的实施例还具有空腔6(图2b)和弹性部件7。空腔6例如可以设置在最终接头内接触表面之间，它是在凹槽32和跟部31上的水平的锁定表面，垂直的上唇表面21和下唇表面11之间与上配合表面3′一起形成的。弹性部件7放置在空腔6内。弹性部件7形成弹性凹槽23和弹性下唇表面11。空腔6降低了可能松散的颗粒的负面影响，否则松散的颗粒可能导致接头上部分中不希望的间隙。接头横剖面的几何形状以示意图表示，着重不同表面之间的配合，以便了解本发明。然而本发明不应局限于此实施例，因为它可以在本发明的范围内改变。
图3a和3b示出本发明的另一实施例。图3a示出接合前两个地板1的相邻的边缘2的横剖面，而图3b示出接合后相同地板的横剖面。图3a，3b所示的实施例实质上与图1所示的相同，但是，图3a、3b所示的实施例还具有空腔6(图3b)。空腔6例如可以设置在最终接头内接触表面之间，它是在凹槽32和跟部31上的水平的锁定表面，垂直的上唇表面21和下唇表面11之间与上配合表面3′一起形成的。空腔6降低了可能松散的颗粒的负面影响，否则松散的颗粒可能导致接头上部分中不希望的间隙。接头横剖面的几何形状以示意图表示，着重不同表面之间的配合，以便了解本发明。然而本发明不应局限于此实施例，因为它可以在本发明的范围内改变。
图3a和3b所示的较深的凹槽可以借助激光切割或剥削有利地实现，图2a、2b所示的较浅的凹槽可以借助较传统的方法，如铣削实现。
图4示出图3a、3b实施例的几何形状的改变。图4示出接合后两个地板1的相邻的边缘2的横剖面，图4所示的实施例实质上与图3a、3b所示的相同，但是，在凹槽32和跟部31上具有略带倾斜的垂直表面。空腔6′的垂直的表面也略带倾斜，而空腔6′的高度增加和深度减少。上和下垂直唇表面21和11同时相应地减少，而空腔6″的高度也减少。接头的几何形状因而较开放，这样就有可能使用传统的方法，如铣削制造。
图5示出图3a、3b实施例的另一几何形状改变。图5示出接合后两个地板1的相邻的边缘2的横剖面。图5所示的实施例实质上与图3a、3b所示的相同，但是，图5所示的实施例带有减少深度的空腔6′。在下接合唇10的底部也设置下凹槽40。在装配时下凹槽40可使下接合唇10向下弯曲，而不接触下底面。

Claims (8)

1.一种铺地板材料，具有呈方形、矩形、菱形地板(1)，用于垂直接合，地板(1)带有边缘(2)，水平的下侧面(5)和水平的装饰上表面(3)，地板(1)在两个相邻的边缘(2)处设置下接合唇(10)，而在两个剩余的边缘(2)处设置上接合唇(20)，其特征在于下接合唇(10)带有垂直的下唇表面(11)，它平行排列至最近的边缘(2)，下唇表面(11)可与设置在上接合唇(20)上的垂直的上唇表面(21)配合，从而使两个相邻的地板(1)在水平方向上锁定到一起，以及接合唇(10，20)分别带有一个或多个跟部(31)用于与接受它的凹槽(32)快速接合，凹槽带有水平的锁定表面，限制了两个接合的相邻的地板(1)之间的垂直移动，而具有地板(1)的铺地板材料，其地板(1)的接合是借助向下施压而实现。
2.按照权利要求1的铺地板材料，其特征在于接合到一起的两个地板(1)之间的接头具有配合表面，它由凹槽(32)和跟部(31)上的水平的锁定表面，垂直的上唇表面(11)和上配合表面(3′)组成。
3.按照权利要求2的铺地板材料，其特征在于接合到一起的两个地板(1)之间的接头还具有空腔(6)。
4.按照权利要求3的铺地板材料，其特征在于跟部(31)是由设置在空腔(6)内的弹性部件组成。
5.按照权利要求3的铺地板材料，其特征在于凹槽(32)是由设置在空腔(6)内的弹性部件(7)组成。
6.按照权利要求4或5的铺地板材料，其特征在于弹性部件是由挤压的热塑性型材组成。
7.按照权利要求4或5的铺地板材料，其特征在于弹性部件(7)是由热固性树脂型材组成。
8.按照权利要求4或5的铺地板材料，其特征在于弹性部件(7)是由金属型材组成。
CN99816131A 1999-02-10 1999-09-27 铺地板材料 Expired - Lifetime CN1107780C (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104775594A (zh) * 2010-05-10 2015-07-15 佩尔戈(欧洲)股份公司 地板组件
CN104775594B (zh) * 2010-05-10 2017-09-22 佩尔戈(欧洲)股份公司 地板组件

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US20040068954A1 (en) 2004-04-15
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ATE304098T1 (de) 2005-09-15
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