CN1641096A - Superfine fiber artificial leather and fabric manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a superfine fiber artificial leather and a superfine fiber fabric manufacturing method. The method according to the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, two high molecular polymers with different crystallinities are made into a fiber by a composite spinning method, so that the cross section of the formed fiber is a thin film with a layer only composed of low-crystallinities polymers at the periphery, and the interior of the thin film is composed of high-crystallinities polymers and low-crystallinities polymers which are arranged at intervals in a orange petal shape. The fibers are first made into a base fabric, and then subjected to shrinkage treatment and resin processing (the resin processing step is omitted if a fabric is to be produced). Then, a surface grinding process is carried out to crack the fibers on the surface of the base cloth, and the fibers in the base cloth are processed in a rubbing or impacting manner by air flow or water flow or mechanical force to open the fibers, thereby obtaining the superfine fiber base cloth artificial leather and the superfine fiber fabric.

Description

Superfine fiber artificial leather and fabric manufacturing method

technical field

The invention relates to a manufacturing method of superfine fiber artificial leather and superfine fiber fabric, in particular to a manufacturing method of artificial leather and fabric made of split superfine fibers.

Background technique

Most of the general microfiber artificial leather must be divided into fibers by solvent or lye. Take the suede-like artificial leather and its manufacturing method of the application number No. 83109961 as an example. ) and ultra-fine fiber (Super fine micro fiber, fineness is 0.001denier), but the fiber dividing process must be achieved by solvent or lye, so it will cause serious pollution to the environment, which is not in line with the current emphasis on environmental protection trend. Therefore, the industry has developed ultra-fine fibers that are currently mechanically opened. Taking the manufacturing method of ultrafine fibers disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-331758 as an example, it uses the appropriate affinity of two polymers to make it difficult to separate fibers during carding and needle rolling, but it is difficult to separate fibers during mechanical fiber separation processing. Due to the difference in shrinkage in boiling water, the fibers are easily split. Generally speaking, in order to make the fibers easier to split, it is necessary to widen the difference between the boiling water shrinkage rates of the two polymers. However, this will make the affinity of the two polymers worse. According to the fiber section shown in this patent, there is no film covering on the periphery. Therefore, when the affinity of the two polymers becomes poor, it will lead to early fiber separation during carding and needle rolling, making the production efficiency of nonwovens dramatically drop.

Application No. 76102732 discloses a novel manufacturing method of superfine fiber and its processed fabric. The cross section of the formed fiber is surrounded by a layer of polyester film. However, the fiber splitting method used in this patent must first dissolve the surrounding polyester film with lye, and then use mechanical fiber splitting to split the fibers. This kind of process will also cause serious pollution and is not environmentally friendly. .

In the fiber-opening treatment method of the composite fiber and its fabric described in the application No. 79108906 and the ultra-fine fiber fiber-opening method and dyeing method disclosed in the application No. 81100302, the reduced-weight ultra-fine fibers formed The cross-section of the fiber is two polymers arranged at intervals in the shape of orange segments, but because the two polymers are selected with good affinity, it is impossible to use direct mechanical fiber splitting to split the fibers, but benzyl alcohol and caustic soda or Contaminating substances such as acidic liquids dissolve one of the two polymers and separate the fibers. Therefore, it will also cause serious pollution during production and is not environmentally friendly.

Contents of the invention

Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of superfine fiber artificial leather and superfine fiber fabric manufacturing method, and it can easily utilize the physical mode fiber that will not pollute the environment, and obtain superfine fiber and ultrafine fiber at the same time , and the formed fibers have film protection to avoid early fiber splitting and effectively improve production efficiency.

A method for manufacturing superfine fiber artificial leather, the method comprises the following steps:

The weight ratio is 5:95 to 95:5, the high molecular polymer (A) that crystallinity is 40%～95% and the high molecular polymer (B) that crystallinity is 1%～25% are spinning temperature 150～300℃, take-up speed 500～2000m/min composite spinning method to make a fiber, so that the formed fiber contains a central part and a film surrounding the central part, wherein the central part is radial in section along the fiber radial direction The high-crystallinity polymer (A) and the low-crystallinity polymer (B) are arranged at intervals, and the film is only composed of the low-crystallinity polymer (B), wherein the film has a thickness percentage Z, and its range is 0.1 %≤Z≤5%, Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, wherein the dimension Y is the outer diameter of the film, and the dimension X is the inner diameter of the film;

The fiber is made into a base fabric through the steps of opening, carding, stacking and needle rolling;

shrinking the base fabric;

After the shrinkage process, the base fabric is impregnated with resin, solidified, washed with water, and dried;

Grinding the surface of the processed base cloth with sandpaper, so that the fibers on the surface are split;

The resin-processed base cloth is subjected to fiber-dividing processing, so that the fibers inside the base cloth are split to obtain the superfine fiber artificial leather.

The fiber splitting process refers to one of the following methods:

Repeatedly kneading the resin-processed base fabric by the mechanical force generated by the kneading machine;

The mechanical force generated by the drum beating machine hits the resin-processed base fabric;

The huge airflow generated by the high-speed airflow machine attracts the resin-processed base fabric so that it hits the machine at high speed;

The water flow generated by the liquid flow dyeing machine impacts the resin-processed base cloth back and forth.

The polymer (A) is one of the following substances:

One of the group consisting of polyamide-based polymers, polyester-based polymers, polyolefin-based polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, and polyvinyl alcohol polymers, and the thermoplastic elastomers make the ultrafine fibers The longitudinal elongation of the artificial leather is at least 50%, the transverse elongation is at least 50%, and the elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%.

Made of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer , Polyurethane elastomer, polyamide elastomer in one of the groups.

The polymer (B) is one of the following substances:

A polyamide polymer, one of its monomers is composed of adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid Amine, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylenediamine, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane, 4, One of the group consisting of 4'-diamino-dicyclohexylpropane, isophoronediamine, caprolactam, laurolactam, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate kind;

A polyester polymer, one of its monomers is one of the group consisting of dicarboxylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isophthalic acid, diol, dimethanol, and diester;

A polyamide copolymer, one of its components is the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 610, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane 6 A sort of;

A polystyrene polymer.

This shrinking process consists of processing in one of the following ways:

Treat the base fabric with hot water at 40-100°C;

Treat the base fabric with hot air at 80-250°C;

Treat the base cloth with steam 0.1-10kg/cm ² .

The base fabric making step includes mixing the fiber with a weight-reducing superfine fiber at a weight ratio of 5:95 to 95:5 to form a base fabric, and the method further includes treating the base fabric with a weight-reducing processing step .

The base fabric making step comprises making the base fabric from the fibers together with a weight-reducing microfiber so that the fiber serves as the bottom layer fiber of the base fabric and the weight-reducing ultrafine fiber serves as the surface layer fiber of the base fabric, and the method is further Including treating the base fabric with a subtractive processing step.

A method for producing a microfiber fabric, the method comprising the following steps:

Combining high crystallinity polymer (A) and low crystallinity polymer (B) with a weight ratio of 5:95 to 95:5 at a spinning temperature of 150-300°C and a take-up speed of 2000-5000m/min A fiber is produced by spinning such that the formed fiber comprises a central portion and a film surrounding the central portion, wherein the central portion is radially spaced along the cross section of the radial direction of the fiber with high crystallinity polymers (A) and low crystallinity polymers (A) and low crystallinity polymer (B), and the film is made of low crystallinity polymer (B);

The fiber is made into a base fabric with a flat loom or a knitting machine;

shrinking the base fabric;

After the shrinkage process, the surface of the base cloth is ground with sandpaper;

After the shrinkage process, the base fabric is divided into fibers so that the film of fibers inside the fabric is split to obtain the microfiber fabric.

The fiber splitting process refers to one of the following methods:

Repeatedly kneading the shrinkage-processed base fabric by the mechanical force generated by the kneading machine;

The mechanical force generated by the drum-beating machine hits the shrinkage-processed base fabric;

The huge airflow generated by the high-speed airflow machine attracts the shrinkage-processed base fabric so that it hits the machine at high speed;

The high-speed water flow generated by the liquid flow dyeing machine impacts the shrinking base fabric back and forth.

The polymer (A) is one of the following substances:

One of the group consisting of polyamide-based polymers, polyester-based polymers, polyolefin-based polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, and polyvinyl alcohol polymers, and the thermoplastic elastomers make the ultrafine fibers The longitudinal elongation of the artificial leather is at least 50%, the transverse elongation is at least 50%, and the elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%.

Made of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer , Polyurethane elastomer, polyamide elastomer in one of the groups.

The polymer (B) is one of the following substances:

A polyamide polymer, one of its monomers is composed of adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid Amine, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylenediamine, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane, 4, One of the group consisting of 4'-diamino-dicyclohexylpropane, isophoronediamine, caprolactam, laurolactam, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate kind;

A polyester polymer, one of its monomers is one of the group consisting of dicarboxylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isophthalic acid, diol, dimethanol, and diester;

A polyamide copolymer, one of its components is the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 610, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane 6 A sort of;

A polystyrene polymer.

This shrinking process consists of processing in one of the following ways:

Treat the base fabric with hot water at 40-100°C;

Treat the base fabric with hot air at 80-250°C;

Treat the base cloth with steam 0.1-10kg/cm ² .

The fabric making step includes mixing the fiber with a weight-reducing superfine fiber at a weight ratio of 5:95-95:5 to form a base cloth, and the method further includes treating the base cloth with a weight-reducing processing step.

To achieve the above and other purposes, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing microfiber artificial leather and microfiber fabric, which includes the following steps. First, high molecular polymers with high crystallinity (such as 40% to 95%) and high molecular polymers with low crystallinity (such as 1 to 25%) in a weight ratio of about 5:95 to 95:5 are prepared by composite spinning Form a split-type fiber, so that the formed fiber section has a thin film composed of only low crystallinity polymers on the periphery, and the interior of the film is arranged in the form of high crystallinity polymers and low crystallinity polymers in the form of orange segments constitute. The split fiber is first made into a base fabric (such as non-woven fabric, flat-woven fabric or knitted fabric), and then subjected to shrinkage treatment (such as treating the base fabric with hot water, hot air or steam), and then if it is to be made into artificial leather, The base fabric needs to be resin-processed (the resin-processing step is omitted if the fabric is to be manufactured). Afterwards, surface grinding treatment is carried out to make the fibers on the surface of the base cloth split and the physical fiber splitting process makes the fibers inside the base cloth split, thereby making ultrafine fibers according to the present invention (its single fiber fineness can reach 0.6～0.001 Deny) artificial leather or fabric. If necessary, the artificial leather or fabric can be further subjected to processing steps such as dyeing, embossing or laminating.

In detail, the physical fiber splitting process according to the present invention can be achieved by the following methods: (a) repeatedly kneading or impacting the base fabric to be treated with mechanical force; (b) using the huge airflow generated by the machine to attract the treated base fabric so that it hits the machine at high velocity; or (c) impacts the base fabric to be treated back and forth with high velocity water flow.

According to the split fiber of the present invention, its film thickness percentage Z is between 0.1～5.0% (Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, wherein the dimension Y is the outer diameter of the film, and the dimension X is the inner diameter of the film ), so that the produced fibers not only do not split early in the base fabric manufacturing process and greatly improve production efficiency, but also can use physical fiber splitting processing methods that do not cause environmental pollution (such as the aforementioned technical means) to rupture the film And easily achieve the purpose of fiber splitting. In addition, since the affinity of the two polymers used in the present invention is very different, it is easy to separate the fibers during fiber splitting.

Description of drawings

Figure 1a: a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 1b: a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber in another embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2a: a schematic cross-sectional view of the fiber of Figure 1a of the present invention after fiber splitting;

Fig. 2b: a schematic cross-sectional view of the fiber in Fig. 1b of the present invention after fiber splitting.

[Description of figure number]:

100 Fibers 110 Center part

120 film

A High crystallinity polymer B Low crystallinity polymer

X Inner Diameter of Membrane Y Outer Diameter of Membrane

Detailed ways

In order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention are specifically cited below and described in detail with accompanying drawings.

The ultra-fine fiber artificial leather or ultra-fine fiber fabric of the present invention is composed of a split type ultra-fine fiber that is easy to split. Made by spinning.

According to the manufacturing method of superfine fiber base cloth of the present invention, it mainly comprises the following steps: (1) utilize composite spinning method to make high crystallinity polymer (A) and low crystallinity polymer (B) into a fiber; (2) The fiber is made into a base fabric (such as non-woven fabric, flat-woven fabric or knitted fabric); (3) shrinkage processing of the base fabric (fiber opening in the first stage); (4) resin processing of the base fabric after shrinkage processing (if The resin processing step is omitted when the fabric is to be manufactured); (5) grinding the resin-processed base fabric surface or grinding the non-resin-processed fabric surface (the second stage of fiber opening); (6) the resin-processed base fabric (or Fabrics that have not been processed with resin) are subjected to fiber splitting (the third stage of fiber opening). It is hereby explained respectively as follows:

(1) Composite spinning

In the present invention, the high-crystallinity polymer (A) and the low-crystallinity polymer (B) are spun into a fiber by a composite spinning method, so that the high-crystallinity polymer (A) and the low-crystallinity polymer (B) are separated by orange segments Morphology The spaced form constitutes the central portion of the fiber, which is also surrounded by a thin film formed only of the low crystallinity polymer (B). Specifically, the high-crystallinity polymer (A) and the low-crystallinity polymer (B) are melted and extruded by an extruder respectively, and then the polymers ( A) and polymer (B) are composite-spun at a weight ratio of about 5:95 to 95:5, and the spinning temperature is preferably about 150-300°C.

FIG. 1 a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The fiber 100 includes a central part 110 and a thin film 120 surrounding the central part 110, wherein the central part 110 is arranged radially at intervals along the section of the central part 110 with high crystallinity polymer (A) and low crystallinity polymer (B) ). FIG. 1 b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fiber 200 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The fiber 200 is substantially the same as the fiber 100 shown in FIG. 1a except that the fiber 200 has a hollow segment pie fiber cross-section. It can be understood that, although in the fibers 100, 200 shown in Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, the number of segments of the high crystallinity polymer (A) is exemplified as 6, the number of segments of the segment of the fiber according to the present invention can be Up to 2 to 108. Referring to Fig. 1a and Fig. 1b, the thickness percentage Z of this film 120 is represented by following formula: Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, wherein dimension Y is the outer diameter of film, and dimension X is the inner diameter of film . When Z is less than 0.1%, the fiber film is easy to break during drawing, false twisting or opening, carding and needle rolling, and the fiber is easy to split early. Conversely, if Z is greater than 5%, it is difficult to separate the fibers during fiber splitting. Therefore, when Z is about 0.1 to 5.0%, the obtained ultrafine fibers will not be divided early in the non-woven fabric or fabric manufacturing process, and the film can be broken by a physical fiber division process that does not cause environmental pollution, and the Easily achieve the purpose of fiber splitting.

The two polymers used in the present invention need to be selected so that their affinity is very different, so that the fibers can be easily separated during the fiber separation process. Therefore, the high crystallinity polymer (A) is a high molecular polymer with a crystallinity of about 40% to 95%, and the low crystallinity polymer (B) is a high molecular polymer with a crystallinity of about 1 to 25%. .

Suitable high crystallinity polymers (A) are as follows: nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12 and other polyamide polymers; or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene terephthalate Polyester polymers such as propylene glycol (PPT) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); or polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; or polyolefin elastomers, polyurethane, polyamide thermoplastic elastomers such as amine elastomers; or polyvinyl alcohol polymers.

Suitable low crystallinity polymers (B) are as follows: (a) one of its monomers is adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid , 1,6 hexanediamine, trimethyl-1,6 hexanediamine, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane (PACM), 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl Dicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-dicyclohexylpropane, isophoronediamine, caprolactam, laurolactam, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate or toluene Polyamide polymers of diisocyanate; (b) polyester polymers in which one of the monomers is dicarboxylic acid, p-hydrocarbyl benzoic acid, isophthalic acid, diol, dimethanol, diester; (c) polyamide Polyamide copolymers containing nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 610, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane 6 (PCAM 6) in the amide polymer component; or (d) Polystyrene polymers.

It is worth noting that when the polymer (A) is a thermoplastic elastomer, its fibers will exhibit elastic properties, so when the base fabric is subjected to the shrinkage treatment described later, the base fabric has high elastic properties, and the longitudinal elongation It can reach about 50% to 500%, the transverse elongation can reach about 50% to 500%, and the elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%.

(2) Make the aforementioned fibers into base fabric

If the aforementioned fibers are to be made into non-woven fabrics, unstretched yarns (UDY) must be obtained at a take-up speed of about 500-2000 m/min during composite spinning, and then a single yarn can be obtained by stretching, wrinkling and oiling. Microfiber staple cotton (staple fiber) with a denier of 1-10 denier; then, the staple fiber can be made into a non-woven fabric with a cloth weight of 50-1000g/ ^m2 through opening, carding, stacking and needle rolling.

If the aforementioned fibers are to be made into fabrics, it is necessary to obtain partially drawn yarns (POY) at a take-up speed of about 2000 to 5000 m/min during composite spinning, and a single fineness of 1 to 1 can be obtained by stretching and false twisting. 10 denier superfine fiber filaments (filament), and then the filaments can be made into fabrics by interlacing the warp and weft of the loom.

(3) Shrinkage processing (the first stage of fiber opening)

After the base fabric formed of non-woven fabric or fabric is shrunk by hot water at about 40-100°C, steam at about 0.1-10kg/cm ² or hot air at about 80-250°C, the surface of the fiber will crack and the base fabric will shrink at the same time , The shrinkage area can reach about 5-50%, making the base fabric dense.

(4) Resin processing

The resin processing refers to the surface treatment of the base fabric after shrinkage by the processing machine or the resin impregnation (such as acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, etc.) on the base fabric by the paste machine to obtain the semi-finished leather material of artificial leather. In addition, because the base fabric has better compactness after shrinkage processing, it can be processed with an environmentally friendly water-based resin (such as polyurethane resin using a water-based solution as a solvent) to present a rich hand feeling. It is worth noting that this resin processing step is omitted if fabrics are to be manufactured.

(5) Grinding the surface of the base fabric after resin processing, or grinding the surface of the fabric without resin processing (the second stage of fiber opening)

The grinding process refers to using a grinding machine to perform surface grinding on the surface of the resin-processed base cloth or fabric, so that the fibers on the base cloth or fabric surface are completely separated.

(6) Fiber splitting of the base fabric after resin processing or fiber splitting of fabrics that have not been resin processed (the third stage of fiber splitting)

Fiber splitting processing according to the present invention refers to rubbing or impacting processing by air flow, water flow or mechanical force, so that the fibers inside the base cloth or fabric are opened, thereby making the ultrafine fiber (its single fiber) according to the present invention The fineness can reach about 0.6-0.001 denier) artificial leather. The methods of splitting processing are listed as follows:

1. Kneading machine kneading: the base fabric after resin processing (or the fabric without resin processing) is kneaded repeatedly by the machine.

2. Drum smashing machine impact: By the rotation of the machine, the base fabric after resin processing (or the fabric without resin processing) hits up and down in the drum.

3. High-speed airflow machine: With the huge airflow generated by the machine, the base fabric after resin processing (or the fabric without resin processing) is attracted and hits the partition at high speed.

4. Liquid flow dyeing machine: The water flow generated by the machine hits the base fabric after resin processing (or the fabric without resin processing) back and forth.

After mechanical fiber opening in any of the above-mentioned ways, the fibers inside the resin-processed base cloth or fabric can be completely opened to obtain the superfine fiber artificial leather or fabric of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2a and Figure 2b, after the fiber splitting process, the film and the Pozidina skeleton part composed of the low crystallinity polymer (B) can be split into ultra-fine fibers with a fineness of about 0.001-0.05 denier , the segmental part of the high crystallinity polymer (A) can be split into superfine fibers with a fineness of about 0.05-0.6 denier. If necessary, the microfiber artificial leather or fabric of the present invention can be further subjected to processing steps such as dyeing, bonding or embossing.

According to the manufacturing method of the ultrafine fiber base fabric artificial leather or fabric of the present invention, no solvent or chemical agent is used in the fiber dividing process, so there is no concern of environmental pollution, and ultrafine fibers of two kinds of thickness can exist at the same time. In the artificial leather made according to the present invention, the superfine fibers belonging to about 0.05～0.001 denier provide fine and dense hairiness so that the leather has a good mercerizing feeling, and the ultrafine fibers belonging to about 0.6～0.05 denier provide relatively fine hairiness. Good dyeability and leather strength. It has a good effect on artificial leather, wiping cloth, electronic abrasive material, filter material or high-density fabric.

In addition, when the weight-reducing superfine fibers of about 0.3-0.0001 denier are used as the base fabric of artificial leather, the strength of the produced leather is usually poor, and the thickness loss is serious. Blending the superfine fiber of the present invention with the weight-reducing superfine fiber can improve the strength of the finally prepared leather and reduce the thickness loss of the leather. In detail, it is preferred to mix the fibers of the present invention and weight-reducing fibers at a weight ratio of about 5:95 to 95:5 to form a base fabric, and to process the base fabric with a weight-reducing processing step, and the rest The steps are roughly the same as above. In addition, about 0.05-0.0001 denier weight-reducing superfine fibers can be used as the surface layer fibers of the base fabric, and the ultrafine fibers of the present invention can be used as the bottom layer fibers of the base fabric. The fiber artificial leather has a fine plush feel on the surface and has good leather feel and strength.

The following examples are used to describe the present invention in detail, but not to limit the present invention.

Example 1

Polyamide pellets (relative viscosity (RV)=2.45) and polyethylene terephthalate pellets IV=0.65 containing 5% molar percentage of isophthalic acid (IPA) were melted in an extruder , and then with a weight percentage of about 75:25, compound spinning is carried out with an orange segment spinneret of 8 polyamide components that can form a film, the spinning temperature is about 290 ° C, and the take-up speed is 1350 m/min, while An undrawn yarn (UDY) with a fineness of 6 dpf, a strength of 2.0 g/den, and an elongation of 300% was obtained. The unstretched yarn is stretched under the conditions of stretching temperature 85°C and stretching ratio of 200%. After stretching, it can be wrinkled, oiled, dried, and cut to obtain a fineness of 3dpf, a strength of 4.5g/den, and an elongation of 3dpf. Superfine fiber cotton with a percentage of 70% and a length of 51mm.

The ultra-fine fiber cotton is subjected to steps such as opening, carding, stacking, and needle rolling to obtain a non-woven fabric with a thickness of 220g/m ² and a thickness of 1.2mm. The non-woven fabric is soaked in hot water at about 90°C to shrink the area of the non-woven fabric. The shrinkage non-woven fabric is impregnated with 300% polyurethane resin, and the semi-finished leather material of artificial leather can be obtained after solidification, washing and drying.

Next, use a grinder (sandpaper specification: 240mesh) to grind the surface of the leather, and the fibers on the surface will split immediately, and then knead with a kneading machine, and the inner fibers of the leather will be cracked by repeated kneading of the machine. The material is very soft. Observing the fiber opening condition of the leather section with an electron microscope, the fibers have all been split into ultra-fine fibers of about 0.05 to 0.4 denier. After the fiber is opened, the leather is surface bonded, and the hand feeling and surface texture are very good. Approximate to genuine leather.

Example 2

Thermoplastic polyethylene elastomer (TPE) ester pellets (melt flow index (MI) = 20) and polyethylene terephthalate pellets IV containing 10% molar percentage of isophthalic acid (IPA) =0.50 Melt with extruder respectively, and then compound spinning with 8-petal TPE spinneret with 8-petal TPE composition that can form a film at a weight percentage of 70/30. The spinning temperature is about 280°C and the take-up speed is 600m /min to obtain an undrawn yarn (UDY) with a fineness of 14dpf, a strength of 1.0g/den, and an elongation of 500%. The unstretched yarn is stretched under the condition of stretching temperature of 70°C and stretching ratio of 250%. After stretching, it can be wrinkled, oiled, dried, and cut to obtain a fineness of 6.0dpf, a strength of 2.3g/den, and an elongation of 6.0dpf. 200% elongation, 38mm length microfiber elastic cotton.

The superfine fiber cotton is subjected to the steps of opening, carding, stacking, and needle rolling to obtain a non-woven fabric with a thickness of 200g/m ² and a thickness of 1.0mm. The non-woven fabric is soaked in hot water at 85°C to shrink the area of the non-woven fabric by 25%, the non-woven fabric has a longitudinal elongation rate of 150%, a transverse elongation rate of 200%, and a non-woven fabric with an elastic recovery rate of 95%. The non-woven fabric is impregnated with 200% water-based polyurethane resin and dried to obtain a semi-finished leather material for artificial leather.

Next, use a grinder (sandpaper specification: 240mesh) to grind the surface of the leather, and the fibers on the surface will be split immediately. Then, use a high-speed airflow machine. With the huge airflow generated by the machine, the leather will be attracted and hit the partition at a high speed. The inner fiber of the leather is split, and the leather is very soft at this time. The fiber of the cross-section of the leather is observed with an electron microscope. The fibers have all been split into ultra-fine fibers of about 0.05-0.5 denier. Laminated on the surface, the feel and surface texture are very similar to real leather except that the leather is elastic.

Example 3

Polyurethane pellets RV=2.45 and polyethylene terephthalate pellets IV=0.65 containing isophthalic acid (IPA) of 8% molar percentage were melted with an extruder respectively, and then melted with about 70: 30% by weight, compound spinning with 16-petal polyamide composition of 16-petal polyamide composition and 24-hole spinneret for composite spinning, the spinning temperature is 290 ° C, the coiling speed is 2500 m/min, and the fineness is 72D/24F , Strength 2.5g/dpf, elongation 150% partially drawn yarn (POY). False-twisting this part of the stretched yarn under the conditions of drawing temperature 140°C, elongation ratio 120%, speed 60m/min, twist 30t/m, to obtain superfine fibers with strength 3.0g/dpf and elongation 50%. False twist processed yarn (DTY).

Use this ultra-fine fiber yarn as warp and weft yarns to weave high-density fabrics with a loom, soak the fabrics with hot water at about 90°C, and shrink the fabric area by up to 25%, and grind the shrunk fabrics with a grinding machine (sandpaper specifications: 400mesh) to grind the surface of the fabric, the surface fibers are split immediately, and then kneaded with a kneading machine, and the inner fibers of the fabric are cracked by repeated kneading of the machine. At this time, the obtained fabric is very soft. Observing the cross section of the fabric, the fibers have all been split into superfine fibers of 0.02 to 0.15 denier, and the feel and surface hairiness are very similar to suede cloth.

Although the present invention is described in detail with the above-mentioned preferred embodiments and figures, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art should be able to make various changes and modifications according to the above-described embodiments. Therefore, it is to be understood that the present invention is intended to cover all changes and modifications falling within the spirit of the invention and scope of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

1. A method for producing superfine fiber artificial leather, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: The weight ratio is 5:95 to 95:5, the high molecular polymer (A) that crystallinity is 40%～95% and the high molecular polymer (B) that crystallinity is 1%～25% are spinning temperature 150～300℃, take-up speed 500～2000m/min composite spinning method to make a fiber, so that the formed fiber contains a central part and a film surrounding the central part, wherein the central part is radial in section along the fiber radial direction The high-crystallinity polymer (A) and the low-crystallinity polymer (B) are arranged at intervals, and the film is only composed of the low-crystallinity polymer (B), wherein the film has a thickness percentage Z, and its range is 0.1 %≤Z≤5%, Z=(1-X/Y)/2*100%, wherein the dimension Y is the outer diameter of the film, and the dimension X is the inner diameter of the film; The fiber is made into a base fabric through the steps of opening, carding, stacking and needle rolling; shrinking the base fabric; After the shrinkage process, the base fabric is impregnated with resin, solidified, washed with water, and dried; Grinding the surface of the processed base cloth with sandpaper, so that the fibers on the surface are split; The resin-processed base cloth is subjected to fiber-dividing processing, so that the fibers inside the base cloth are split to obtain the superfine fiber artificial leather. 2. The method for producing superfine fiber artificial leather as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the splitting process refers to one of the following methods: Repeatedly kneading the resin-processed base fabric by the mechanical force generated by the kneading machine; The mechanical force generated by the drum beating machine hits the resin-processed base fabric; The huge airflow generated by the high-speed airflow machine attracts the resin-processed base fabric so that it hits the machine at high speed; The water flow generated by the liquid flow dyeing machine impacts the resin-processed base cloth back and forth. 3. The method for producing superfine fiber artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein the polymer (A) is one of the following substances: One of the group consisting of polyamide-based polymers, polyester-based polymers, polyolefin-based polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, and polyvinyl alcohol polymers, and the thermoplastic elastomers make the ultrafine fibers The longitudinal elongation of the artificial leather is at least 50%, the transverse elongation is at least 50%, and the elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%. Made of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer , Polyurethane elastomer, polyamide elastomer in one of the groups. 4. The method for producing superfine fiber artificial leather according to claim 1, wherein the polymer (B) is one of the following substances: A polyamide polymer, one of its monomers is composed of adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid Amine, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylenediamine, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane, 4, One of the group consisting of 4'-diamino-dicyclohexylpropane, isophoronediamine, caprolactam, laurolactam, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate kind; A polyester polymer, one of its monomers is one of the group consisting of dicarboxylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isophthalic acid, diol, dimethanol, and diester; A polyamide copolymer, one of its components is the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 610, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane 6 A sort of; A polystyrene polymer. 5. The method for producing superfine fiber artificial leather according to claim 1, characterized in that the shrinkage processing includes processing in one of the following ways: Treat the base fabric with hot water at 40-100°C; Treat the base fabric with hot air at 80-250°C; Treat the base cloth with steam 0.1-10kg/cm ² . 6. The method for manufacturing superfine fiber artificial leather according to claim 1, characterized in that, the step of making the base fabric comprises mixing the fiber with a weight-reducing superfine fiber at a weight ratio of 5:95 to 95:5 Incorporated into a base fabric, and the method further comprises treating the base fabric with a subtractive processing step. 7. The method for manufacturing superfine fiber artificial leather as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the step of making the base fabric comprises making the fiber into a base fabric together with a weight-reducing superfine fiber so that the fiber serves as a base fabric The bottom layer fibers and the weight reduction ultrafine fibers are used as the surface layer fibers of the base fabric, and the method further includes treating the base fabric with a weight reduction processing step. 9. A method for manufacturing superfine fiber fabrics, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: Combining high crystallinity polymer (A) and low crystallinity polymer (B) with a weight ratio of 5:95 to 95:5 at a spinning temperature of 150-300°C and a take-up speed of 2000-5000m/min A fiber is produced by spinning such that the formed fiber comprises a central portion and a film surrounding the central portion, wherein the central portion is radially spaced along the cross section of the radial direction of the fiber with high crystallinity polymers (A) and low crystallinity polymers (A) and low crystallinity polymer (B), and the film is made of low crystallinity polymer (B); The fiber is made into a base fabric with a flat loom or a knitting machine; shrinking the base fabric; After the shrinkage process, the surface of the base cloth is ground with sandpaper; After the shrinkage process, the base fabric is divided into fibers so that the film of fibers inside the fabric is split to obtain the microfiber fabric. 10. The method for manufacturing ultrafine fiber fabrics according to claim 9, wherein the fiber dividing process refers to one of the following methods: Repeatedly kneading the shrinkage-processed base fabric by the mechanical force generated by the kneading machine; The mechanical force generated by the drum-beating machine hits the shrinkage-processed base fabric; The huge airflow generated by the high-speed airflow machine attracts the shrinkage-processed base fabric so that it hits the machine at high speed; The high-speed water flow generated by the liquid flow dyeing machine impacts the shrinking base fabric back and forth. 11. The method for producing ultrafine fiber fabrics according to claim 9, wherein the polymer (A) is one of the following substances: One of the group consisting of polyamide-based polymers, polyester-based polymers, polyolefin-based polymers, thermoplastic elastomers, and polyvinyl alcohol polymers, and the thermoplastic elastomers make the ultrafine fibers The longitudinal elongation of the artificial leather is at least 50%, the transverse elongation is at least 50%, and the elastic recovery rate can reach more than 70%. Made of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin elastomer , Polyurethane elastomer, polyamide elastomer in one of the groups. 12. The method for producing ultrafine fiber fabrics according to claim 9, wherein the polymer (B) is one of the following substances: A polyamide polymer, one of its monomers is composed of adipic acid, azelaic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, 1,6-hexanedicarboxylic acid Amine, trimethyl-1,6 hexamethylenediamine, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane, 4, One of the group consisting of 4'-diamino-dicyclohexylpropane, isophoronediamine, caprolactam, laurolactam, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate kind; A polyester polymer, one of its monomers is one of the group consisting of dicarboxylic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, isophthalic acid, diol, dimethanol, and diester; A polyamide copolymer, one of its components is the group consisting of nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 610, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane 6 A sort of; A polystyrene polymer. 13. The method for producing microfiber fabrics as claimed in claim 9, wherein the shrinkage process includes processing in one of the following ways: Treat the base fabric with hot water at 40-100°C; Treat the base fabric with hot air at 80-250°C; Treat the base cloth with steam 0.1-10kg/cm2. 14. The method for producing a microfiber fabric as claimed in claim 9, wherein the fabric producing step comprises mixing the fiber with a weight-reducing microfiber at a weight ratio of 5:95 to 95:5 to form a base fabric , and the method further comprises treating the base fabric with a weight reduction processing step. 15. The method for producing a microfiber fabric as claimed in claim 9, wherein the fabric forming step comprises forming the fiber into a base fabric together with a weight-reducing microfiber so that the fiber serves as the bottom layer fiber of the base fabric and the The weight-reducing superfine fiber is used as the surface layer fiber of the base fabric, and the method further includes treating the base fabric with a weight-reducing processing step.

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