CS277325B6 - The glassware removal device is intended for the removal of glass products from the glassworks to the cooling furnace, for the manual production of glass. Its essence lies in the fact that the product is hung together with a hinge hanger, which is pivotally connected to the carrier in the direction of movement, so as to avoid sudden shocks and thus the spontaneous fall of the products from the hatch during starting. They are fed with products, hung up, conveyed to the cooling furnace by means of a carrier, a carriage and a rail. The side carriage is secured by a bottom wheel with a groove placed on a pin between two springs - Google Patents

Abstract

The solvent mainly for paint materials consists of 80 to 99% by mass. mixture of at least two alkyl and/or cycloalkyl acetates and/or formates and the remainder 1 to 20% by mass. consists of at least one other organic substance, such as toluene, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ketones, cyclopentanones. It is produced by modified esterification, where the donor of the alcoholic components are mainly products from the production of butanol and 2-ethylhexanol by the oxo process, from the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone by catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane or catalytic hydrocondensation of a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Donor of formic acid and acetic acid, or of acetic anhydride, in addition to commercial raw materials, it can be a 'heavy share' from the regeneration of acetic acid in the production of vinyl acetate from acetic acid and acetylene or from its production by oxidation of acetaldehyde. It is used in the chemical industry, especially in the production of paints.

Description

The invention relates to an organic solvent of atypical composition, particularly suitable for paints, as well as to a process for its production on the basis of non-traditional, technically still low-used starting materials.

In the coatings industry, organic solvents are used, which are one- or multicomponent volatile liquid mixtures. Solvents are also used for removing old paint, degreasing surfaces before applying paints, etc. According to the chemical nature, organic solvents are divided into aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons (white spirit, etc.), aromatic hydrocarbons (toluene, xylenes, etc.), terpene hydrocarbons (teprentine), chlorinated hydrocarbons (chlorobenzene, dichloroethane, trichlorethylene, etc.). alcohols (ethanol, butanol, etc.), nitroparaffins (nitropropane, etc.), ethers (tetrahydrofuran, ethyl glycol ether, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone) and furan (furfuryl alcohol) , tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol). According to the boiling point, they are classified as low-boiling, with a boiling point up to 100 ° C; middle boiling st. in. 100 to 150 ° C and high boiling at. in. above 150 ° C / Goldberg M.M. (ed.); Raw and semi-finished products for lacquered materials, p. 440 to 470. Chimija Publishing House, Moscow (1978) /. However, several groups of solvents have very limited uses because they do little or no dissolution of most paint binders, such as aliphatic and naphthenic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and are used more or less as diluents. Others are unsuitable for hygienic reasons due to their toxicity (chlorinated hydrocarbons, nitroparaffins), others for technical or raw material reasons (furan solvents). The formulation of a mixture of solvents is also a disadvantage, when it is generally a mixture of representatives of solvent groups, such as cyclohexanone with toluene, ethyl glycol ether with propylene carbonate, aliphatic hydrocarbons with toluene and ethylene glycol acetate and the like. Thus, from the point of view of good, relatively universal solvent efficiency for the paints used and potentially binders, ether, ester and ketonic solvents are particularly suitable. Important ester solvents are, in particular, butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate, which are produced by continuous or discontinuous esterification (Serafinov LA: Chim. Promysl. No. 3, 189 (1973); NSR Patent No. 2,756,748; V. Brit. 1,438,410, copyright certificate USSR 509,577, Vanko et al.: Czechoslovak copyright certificates 254,048 and 276,466). Their shortcoming is usually the need for an additional component as well as limited raw material resources. Another procedure (patent application NSR 2 904 822 deals with the preparation of esters from excess acids to alcohols.

However, according to the invention, the solvent of mainly paints with a synthetic macromolecular binder and / or a modified natural macromolecular binder, based on at least two alkyl acetates and / or formates with alkyls having a carbon number of 2 to 12 and / or C ₅ to C cycloalkyls, can be prepared esterif. by at least one C 1 to C ₂ carboxylic acid and / or acetic anhydride with a mixture of at least two C ₂ to C ₁₂ aliphatic alcohols and / or C ₅ to C ₆ cycloaliphatic alcohols to a content of 80 to 99% by weight, a mixture of at least two acetates and / or formates alkyl and / or cycloalkyl with a residue of 1 to 20% by weight, consisting of at least one further organic substance from the group of toluene, aliphatic alcohols C ₂ to C ₁₂ , aliphatic ketones C ₃ to C ₇ , cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, alkyl acrylates with alkyl C ₂ to C8, C ₄ to C 8 aliphatic aldehydes, ethylidene diacetate, C 8 to C ₃₂ acetates and C ₄ to C ₁₂ diols.

Process for the preparation of a solvent also characterized in design 1, catalyzed and / or uncatalyzed by esterification in the liquid phase of at least one C 1 to C ₃ carboxylic acid and / or acetic anhydride and C ₂ to C ₁₂ aliphatic alcohols and / or C ₅ to C 8 cycloaliphatic alcohols at temperature of 60 to 200 ° C and a carboxylic acid / alcohol molar ratio of 0.25 to 2 while separating the water of reaction according to the invention is carried out by _{esterifying at least one C 1 to C 2} carboxylic acid and / or acetic anhydride with a mixture of at least two _{C 2} to C 12 aliphatic alcohols and / or C 8 to C 8 cycloaliphatic alcohols, with at least one further oxygenated organic compound obtained as a by-product from an organochemical process or processes such as the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, production of hexanols and 2-ethylhexanol by an oxoprocess from propene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, hydrocondensation of synthesis gas and fermentative production of ethanol and / or a mixture at least two C 1 to C ₃ carboxylic acids and / or acetic anhydride, with the addition of at least one further organic compound obtained as a by-product the heavier part from the production of acetic acid, from the production of acrylic acid and its alkyl derivatives, regeneration of acetic acid from the production of vinyl acetate. The water reacted with the feed and the feedstock is distilled off and, after esterification of the acids and / or acetic anhydride, the unconverted alcohols and the by-products are separated from the hydrocarbon and / or oxygen organic components and the distillation residue and / or crude solvent distillate, consisting mainly of a mixture formates and / or alkyl and / or cycloalkyl acetates are treated, such as by neutralization, refining, distillation or rectification. .

The advantage of the solvent according to the invention is the higher dissolution efficiency of natural and synthetic paint binders as individual esters, wider possibilities of use for a larger range of binders and technical use of non-ester components of the solvent.

The advantage of the process is in turn the esterification and treatment of the product, which allows the use of by-products of organochemical processes, to technically evaluate not only alcoholic components, but also other hydrocarbon and especially oxygenated organic components.

Furthermore, the by-products, predominantly alcoholic products of organochemical productions, which, due to the presence of other impurities with an intense unpleasant odor, cannot be used as a diluent and are used only as a component of fuels. Similar mixtures of acids and other oxygenated organic substances as by-products from the production of acetic acid, vinyl acetate, or acrylic acid and its derivatives, in addition to acetic acid, acetic anhydride or formic acid and acrylic acid, also contain pungent odor components, so that only for combustion.

However, in the process according to the invention, both the primary undesired impurities are converted into harmless products in the esterification and transesterification process, at least with the action of a diluent in the solvent.

The process can be carried out on a standard esterification plant and does not require special treatment of the starting materials.

In addition to the mixture of esters which are essentially solvents, other hydrocarbon and in particular oxygenated organic components are also present. Of these, ketones, ethers and ester alcohols are most suitable, but alkylbenzenes, hemiacetals, acetals, alcohols and diols are also suitable.

To carry out the method of the invention, formic acid, acetic acid or acetic anhydride are esterified with a mixture of at least two aliphatic alcohols, C ₂ to C _12, most preferably a C ₂ to C and / or cycloaliphatic alcohols, C ₅ to _Cg, most preferably cyclopentanol and cyclohexanol, in the presence of as well as other hydrocarbon or oxygenated organic compounds. The donor of the mixture of such alcohols is the alcohol by-product from the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, containing 35 to 95 wt. % of a mixture of alcohols C ₃ to C _g , optionally also an admixture of methanol. However, it mostly contains mixtures of C ₄ to C ₅ alcohols and other oxygenated organic substances, such as ketones, esters, ethers and ketals. Then the additive from the fermentation production of ethanol, especially the so-called middle alcohol fraction.

Another such donor are by-products from the production of butanol, isobutanol and 2-ethylhexanol by an oxoprocess from propylene and synthesis gas, and generally also pure hydrogen. Such a by-product is e.g. light fraction (2-EHLP) and heavy fraction from rectification of crude 2-ethyl alcohol. The light fraction (2-EHLP) consists mainly of a mixture of butanol and 2-ethylhexanol, together with other oxygenated organic substances, and the heavy fraction consists of a mixture of 2-ethylhexanol, 2-ethylhexanal, dodecanol and diol _C12 together with other oxygenated organic components. Another valuable by-product from the oxosynthesis process is a mixture (stripol) of butanol, isobutanol, butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, toluene, water and admixtures of other oxygenated and nitrogenous organic substances stripped from wastewater.

The donor can also be a mixture of alcohols prepared by hydrocondensation of synthesis gas, resp. modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, as well as isosynthesis or Synolprocess.

Suitable C 1 to C ₅ acids according to the invention are formic acid, acetic acid and, if appropriate, acrylic and methacrylic acid additives. In addition to the commercial individual of these acids, by-products from organochemical productions containing at least one of the carboxylic acids C 1 to C ₂ or acetic anhydride can also be used as a significant component. Such a low-value mixture of acids is the fraction of a mixture of acids from the production of acrylic and alkylacrylic acid and alkyl acrylates by oxidation of propene to acrolein and subsequent dooxidation to acrylic acid! and optionally further with esterification with alkanols to alkyl acrylates. Another such donor is the heavy fraction or distillation residue from the regeneration of acetic acid in the production of vinyl acetate catalyzed by the addition of acetic acid to acetylene. Last but not least, the distillation residue from the distillation or rectification of crude acetic acid produced by the oxidation of acetaldehyde.

The process according to the invention can be carried out intermittently, semi-continuously and without interruption.

Further information on the solvent as well as the method of its production, as well as other advantages, are apparent from the examples.

Example 1

120 g (2 mol) of acetic acid and 3.13 g of 95 g of sulfuric acid were metered into a 1 dm esterification reactor equipped with a heating, a thermometer, a 4 TP rectification column and an organic phase feed via a phase separator overflow. %, i.e. 1.6 mol. % to acetic acid. Further, 209 g of the higher alcohol product from the catalytic oxidation process of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. Alcohol by-product (FK-102) of specific gravity at 20 ° C = 866 kg.m “ ³ ; with OH content = 13.54 wt. %; CHO = 4.87 wt. %; acid number = 3.96 mg KOH / g; bromine number = 22.5 g Br / 100 g; content H ₂ 0 = 3.3 wt. %; with methanol content (wt.%) = 0.13; 2-propanol = 0.14; 1-propanol = 0.74 'n-butanol = 11.75; isobutanol = 8.35; check. butyl alcohol = 0.65; n-amyl alcohol = 41, 43; isoamyl alcohol = 3.15; cyclopentanol = 17.4; cyclohexanol = 0.55; cyclohexane = 1.34; propyl acetate = 0.17; amyl acetate = 0.18; the remainder is unidentified organic matter.

The alcohols thus present represent 2.105 mol, the molar ratio of acetic acid / mixture of alcohols = 0.95.

Esterification of acetic acid with the alcohols present was carried out for 3 h, the water being distilled off in the form of a heterogeneous azeotrope which separated in the phase separator. The aqueous layer was discarded and the organic layer was returned to the reactor by overflowing the burns. After 3 h, the water stopped separating, ending the reaction. The mixture of esters produced contained in particular propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, cyclopentyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, as well as cyclohexanone and cyclohexane. This was further distilled from the reaction mixture, neutralized with aqueous sodium carbonate solution, washed with water and distilled. There was thus obtained a mixture of mainly esters - solvent of this composition (in% by weight): propyl acetate = 1.5; isobutyl acetate = 9.2; n-butyl acetate = 14.0; isoamyl acetate = 2.1; n-amyl acetate = 56.2; cyclo pentyl acetate = 5.6; cyclohexyl acetate = 0.5; cyclohexanone = 2.0; cyclohexane = 0.5; after all, unidentified organic compounds = 8.4.

A total of 250 g of solvent was obtained, suitable in particular for paints.

The distillation residue, including the catalyst, was left in the reactor and, after the addition of acetic acid and by-product (FK-102), further esterification was carried out similarly to the previous one, but with the difference that the entire amount of esters produced was distilled off, i. 290 g.A similar batch was added again to the distillation residue and further esterification was performed. In this way it is possible to carry out at least 5 repetitions with the same catalyst.

The solvent thus obtained, even without treatment, is suitable for nitrocellulose and copolymer paints and for the formulation of nail polish removers in cosmetics.

Example 2

In the esterification plant characterized in Example 1, the esterification of acetic acid was carried out with a mixture of mainly butanol and isobutanol stripped from the effluents from the production of butanols and 2-ethylhexanol by the oxoprocess. This stripped mixture as a by-product (Stripol) had an average molecular weight of 118.6 g.mol ^-1 ; OH = 18.2 wt. %; CHO = 0.89 wt. %; acid number = 1.3 mg KOH / g; saponification number = 5.1 mg KOH / g. It contained (in% by weight) 11.25% of water; 4.08% n-butyraldehyde; 1.02% isobutyraldehyde; 32.7% isobutanol; 45.82% n-butanol; 4.92% toluene; 0.13% of organic nitrogenous substances and admixtures of other organic substances (acetals, ethers, esters).

120 g (2 mol) of acetic acid and 199 g of the above stripped Stripol mixture were metered into the reactor, so that the molar ratio of acetic acid / alcohol mixture was 0.95. Next, 3 g of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98 wt. %. The esterification was then carried out in a manner similar to Example 1. The esterification was terminated after 3 hours, at which time the water of reaction ceased to precipitate. The crude ester mixture was further distilled from the esterification reactor, neutralized with aqueous sodium carbonate solution, washed with water and redistilled. The distillate-solvent obtained in an amount of 250 g has this composition (in% by weight); isobutyl acetate = 33; n-butyl acetate = 54; mixture of acetals, aldehydes and toluene = 13.

This mixture of esters is a suitable solvent, especially for paints based on nitrocellulose and copolymer vinyl acetate / acrylate binders. With one catalyst charge, it is possible to carry out the esterifications repeatedly.

Example 3

^{1,800 kg (30 kg.mol) of acetic acid, 47 kg of acetic acid, are introduced into a 7 m 3} operational esterification reactor equipped with a distillation head (5 TP efficiency packed column), condenser, distillate condenser, phase separator and organic phase overflow. of sulfur by a concentration of 95% by weight and 2,985 kg of the by-product Stripol specified in Example 2. The esterification was carried out by distilling off azeotropically formed water from the heating of the reaction mixture to boiling, separating in the phase separator and returning the organic phase. to the reactor. After completion of the esterification, 2,745 kg of crude ester mixture were distilled off and 1,500 kg together with sulfuric acid was left in the reactor as a template for the subsequent esterification.

The mixture of the most esters produced was neutralized with aqueous sodium carbonate solution, washed with water and distilled. The solvent thus obtained contained 33 wt. % isobutyl acetate, 54 wt. % of n-butyl acetate and the remainder up to 100% are acetals, toluene and aldehydes.

The solvent thus obtained fully substitutes pure butyl acetate and isobutyl acetate as the solvent for paints and, in addition, is an active ingredient in formulations for removing old coatings based on natural and synthetic macromolecular substances.

Example 4.

120.1 g (2 mol) of acetic acid and 184.5 g of the front alcohol from the rectification of 2-ethylhexanol, produced from n-butyraldehyde from the oxosynthesis process, by aldolization followed by dehydration and hydrogenation of the 2-ethyl pyrene, are metered into the esterification apparatus characterized in Example 1. ethylhexanal to 2-ethylhexanol. The leading alcoholic light fraction from the rectification of 2-ethylhexanol (2-EHLP) represented a fraction of t 109 to 182.5 ° C / 101 kPa and had a specific gravity (d ₄ ²⁰ ) = 812.2 kg.m ^-3 . Further OH = 19.4 wt. %; CHO = 0.25 wt. %; saponification number = 2.5 mg KOH / g; acid number = 1.26 mg KOH / g; bromine number = 1.3 g Br / 100 g. It contained (in% by weight): 20.7% of isobutanol; 51.7% n-butanol; 4.1% isoamyl alcohol; 15.3% 2-ethylhexanol; 4.1% heptanone; 2% of 2-ethylhexanol, the remainder up to 100% being other oxygenated organic compounds (esters, ethers, acetals and aldols).

Next, 3.1 g of sulfuric acid at a concentration of 95 wt.% Was added to the reactor. %. The esterification was carried out for 2.5 h. After completion of the reaction, a mixture of esters and other substances (especially 3-heptanone and 2-ethylhexanal) was distilled off. The mixture of distilled substances was neutralized with aqueous sodium carbonate solution and redistilled. A paint solvent of the following composition was obtained (in% by weight): isobutyl acetate = 23; n-butyl acetate = 54; isoamyl acetate = 4; 2-ethylhexyl acetate = 12; the remainder up to 100% were 3-heptanone, 2-ethylhexanol, acetals, ethers and aldols.

Example 5

The procedure was similar to Example 4, except that instead of the light fraction (2-EHLP) from the rectification of 2-ethylhexanol, the heavy fraction (2-EHTP) from the rectification of 2-ethylhexanol was applied. The heavy fraction (2-EHTP) had an average molecular weight of 150 and a density at ° C = 901.9 kg.m ^-3 ; n _D ²⁰ = 1.4530. It contained 36.3 wt. %

2-ethylhexanol; of dodecanol together with diol C ₁₂ 44.1 wt. %; butyraldehyde diisobutyl acetate 0.7 wt. % and another 7 oxygenated organic substances of 1 to 6 wt. %; OH = 12.9 wt. %; bromine number = 4.7 g Br / 100 g; acid number = 0.9 mg KOH / g and saponification number = 22.1 mg KOH / g. However, the esterification time was 4.0 h and a mixture of ortho and para-xylene was applied as a carrier of the reaction water. The solvent obtained is applicable in particular as a component of baking paints. Furthermore, as a component of plasticizers, PVC pastes, especially on the basis of microsuspension PVC, but also as a component of paint strippers for old paints and also in cosmetics.

Example 6

The procedure is similar to Example 4, except that instead of the light fraction (2-EHLP) from the rectification of 2-ethylhexanol, a mixture of C ₂ to C ₄ alcohols isolated from the product of a modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis carried out from synthesis gas (mol. Ratio H ₂ : CO = 1.8: 1) on Fe-Zn-Cr catalyst. Of the distillation residue, the rectification mainly of methanol from the hydrocondensation of synthesis gas contained 49.3 wt. % ethanol, 37.1 wt. % propanol, 6.9% butanol and 6.7 wt. % isobutanol.

The solvent obtained is suitable for a wide range of coatings, in particular with binders based on nitrocellulose, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate copolymer, copolymers of alkyl acrylates, polystyrene and alkydals.

Example 7

The procedure was similar to Example 2, except that instead of 2 moles of acetic acid, an equivalent amount of the distillation residue from the regeneration of acetic acid in the production of vinyl acetate catalyzed by the addition of acetic acid to acetylene was applied. The distillation residue from the rectification of acetic acid contained 57.3 wt. % acetic acid; 26.7 wt. % acetic anhydride and the remainder up to 100% was ethylidene diacetate and other unidentified organic compounds. The equivalent amount of acid was calculated only from the content of acetic acid and acetic anhydride. In the esterification, which lasted 3.5 hours, in addition to the reaction water, organic volatiles, such as acetaldehyde, crotonaldehyde and the like, were also separated.

The solvent obtained is suitable for the preparation of paints, based on synthetic macromolecular substances as binders, as well as for the removal of old coatings.

In a similar manner, but using a distillation residue from the rectification of acetic acid, containing 73.4 wt. % acetic acid, 3.7 wt. % of acetic anhydride, the remainder up to 100% being aldols, crotonaldehydes and unidentified organic products, a good paint solvent was also obtained. However, the distillation residue of the esterification was applied only twice and after the second esterification it was used only as a component of liquid fuels.

Example 8

The procedure was similar to Example 2, except that instead of 2 mol of acetic acid, 158.8 g (2.61 mol) of a mixture of acids - the waste fraction of organic acids from the production of acrylic acid and alkyl acrylates were applied. The waste fraction of organic acids contained (in% by weight): 85% acetic acid, 10% formic acid, 1% acrylic acid, 0.5% ketones and 4.0% water. The obtained mixture of esters is a quality solvent for paints based on modified natural macromolecular and synthetic macromolecular binders, as well as removal of old coatings mainly on the basis of said binders.

Example 9

The procedure is the same as in Example 2, but 200 g (2.118 mol of alkanols) are metered in, in addition to a mixture of butanol and isobutanol, designated Stripol, stripped from the butanol and 2-ethylhexanol effluents, and 122 g (2.012 mol of resp. acids) of the waste mixture of acids - organic acid fractions from the production of acrylic acid and alkyl acrylates, specified in Example 8. 3.2 g of sulfuric acid were then added to a concentration of 95 wt. % (1.5 mol% for the organic acids present). The esterification was carried out for 3.5 h. After completion, a crude ester mixture of 250 g was distilled off. This was distilled after neutralization with aqueous sodium carbonate solution and washing with water. There was thus obtained a solvent consisting (in% by weight) of 3% isobutyl formate, 7% butyl formate, 31% isobutyl acetate, 52% butyl acetate, the remainder (7%) up to 100% being other oxygenated organic substances (acetals, unreacted alcohols, toluene). and i.).

The solvent produced is a high-quality solvent for paints and in combination with an acetone nail polish remover in cosmetics.

Example 10

212 g of waste acetic acid fraction (mixture of distillation residues from the production of acetic acid by oxidation of acetaldehyde and regenerated acetic acid from the production of vinyl acetate catalyzed by the addition of acetic acid to acetylene), consisting of 56% by weight, acetic acid, 5 , 5% by weight, acetic anhydride, 7.8% by weight, ethylidene acetate, 8.9% by crotonaldehyde, acetaldehyde, vinyl acetate co-oligomers and other condensation products and water. Further, 333 g (4.5 mol) of isobutyl alcohol and 4.5 g of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 98% by weight were added. The esterification was carried out with continuous separation of water for 4 h. After completion of the esterification, the crude ester (a mixture of mainly isobutyl acetate and isobutyl alcohol) was distilled off from the reaction mixture, which was distilled on a rectification column after neutralization with sodium carbonate to obtain 248 g of isobutyl acetate.

The esterification residue was treated by adding water, and the isobutyl acetate present was distilled off as an azeotrope. The distillation residue (viscous, containing animal substances) was alkali neutralized (burnt dolomite) and disposed of by incineration.

Example 11.

The procedure is the same as in Example 10, except that instead of 4.5 mol of isobutyl alcohol, 4.5 mol of technical isopropyl alcohol (8.5% by weight, isopropyl alcohol, 0.9% by weight, acetone and 0.2% by weight), diacetone alcohol and the remainder are used. 100% is water).

The yield of isopropyl acetate reached 91% of theory.

\

Example 12

60 g (1 mol) of acetic acid, 86.6 g of the middle fraction from the distillery sludge (1.11 mol of alcohols present) and 1.5 g of sulfuric acid (1.5% mol) are metered into the apparatus characterized in Example 1. 96% by weight as esterification catalyst. The intermediate fraction of the bulking agent used contains (in% by weight) 1.5 ethanol, 11.1 n-propanol, 40.1 isobutyl alcohol and 46.2 isoamyl alcohol.

The esterification is carried out similarly to the previous examples. Esterification gives a mixture of predominantly esters of the composition (in% by weight): 3.9 ethyl acetate, 12.4 propyl acetate, 37.5 isobutyl acetate, 39.5 isoamyl acetate and 6.7 unreacted alcohols.

The yield of the mixed ester is 92% of theory. The mixed ester thus prepared is an excellent solvent for paints with a binder component based on synthetic macromolecular substances and modified natural macromolecular substances, such as nitrocellulose, used both for the preparation of paints and removing damaged paints, including formulated nail polish removers in cosmetics (eg nail polish remover). ) etc.

Claims (8)

EN 277325 B6 10 PATENT CLAIMS 1. A solvent mainly of coating compositions with a synthetic macromolecular binder and / or a modified natural macromolecular binder, based on at least two acetates and / or alkyl formates with alkyls having a carbon number of 2 to 12 and / or C5 to Cg obtainable by esterification at least one C 1 to C 2 carboxylic acid and / or acetic anhydride with a mixture of at least two C 5 to C 12 aliphatic alcohols and / or C 5 to C 8 cycloaliphatic alcohols to 80 to 99 wt. mixtures of at least two acetates and / or formates of alkyl and / or cycloalkyl, with a residue of 1 to 20% by weight, comprising at least one further organic substance of the group toluene, aliphatic alcohols C2 to C12, aliphatic ketones C8 to C7, Cyclopentanone, Cyclohexanone, Cyclopentanol, Cyclohexanol, C 2 -C 8 alkyl acrylates, C 4 to C 8 aliphatic aldehydes, C 14 to C 32 acetyl acetals, and C 4 -C 2 diols C4a A process for the preparation of a solvent according to claim 1, optionally catalyzed by liquid esterification of at least one carboxylic acid to C3 and / or acetic anhydride with aliphatic alcohols C2 to C12 and / or cycloaliphatic alcohols C5 to Cg at a temperature of 60 to 200 ° C and a molar ratio of carboxylic acid / alcohols of 0.25 to 2, while separating the reaction water, characterized in that at least one carboxylic acid C 1 to C 2 and / or acetic anhydride is esterified with a mixture of at least two aliphatic alcohols C 2 to C 12 and / or cycloaliphatic alcohols C5 to Cg, with at least one other organic acid compound obtained as a by-product of an organic chemical process or processes, such as catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, the production of butanols and 2-ethylhexanol by oxoprocess of propene, carbon monoxide and air, hydrocondensation of synthesis gas and fermentative ethanol production, and / or alumina with at least two carboxylic acids C 1 -C 3 and / or acetic anhydride, admixing at least one other organic compound obtained as a byproduct, a higher proportion of acetic acid production, a heavier fraction of acrylic acid production and its alkyl derivatives, acetic acid regeneration from the production of vinyl acetate, wherein the water-recirculated and soybean water is distilled off and, upon completion of the acidification of the acids and / or acetic anhydride, the unconverted alcohols and the side-hydrocarbon and / or oxygen-containing organic components are separated with an efficacy of 30-100% and a desilator residue and or a crude distillate of solvent formed principally by a mixture of formates and / or alkyls of alkyls and / or cycloalkylates is treated, such as by neutralization, refining, distillation or rectification. Process according to claim 2, characterized in that the by-product of the catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane nacyclohexanol is used and the cyclohexanone contains 35 to 95 wt. % of mixtures of alcohols C3 to Cg and the remainder to 100 wt. they form admixtures of C8 to C7 ketones, esters, ethers and ketals. Process according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that a by-product of butanols production and 2-ethylhexanol oxoprocess is used, which forms a light fraction from the rectification of crude 2-ethylhexanol, consisting of 5 to 95% by weight. a mixture of butanol, isobutanol, isoamlylalcohol and 2-ethylhexanol, the remainder being 100% by weight. 2-ethylhexanol, 3-heptanone comprises additional oxygenated organic compounds and / or a heavy fraction of the rectification of crude 2-ethylhexanol, consisting of 50 to 99 wt. mixtures of 2-ethylhexanol, octanediol, dodecanol, dodecanediol and the remainder to 100 wt. form acetals, esters, ethers and other oxygen compounds. Process according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a by-product of butanols production and 2-ethylhexanol oxoprocess is used, which consists of a stripped mixture of mainly butanols from the effluent from the factory, consisting of 60 to 90 wt. % of a mixture of n-butanol with isobutanol, 1 to 10 wt. % n-butyraldehyde with isobutyraldehyde, 2 to 15 wt. % water and the remainder to 100 wt. are toluene, nitrogenous organic compounds, acetals, esters and ethers. Process for producing a solvent according to Claim 5, characterized in that a mixture of alcohols C2 to Cg, which is a catalytic product of the synthesis gas hydrocondensation, preferably in the presence of methanol, containing a mixture of alkanols C2 to C4 in an amount of from 40 to 40%, is used. 96% by weight, with the remainder up to 100% by weight. forming methanol, ethers and alkanols C5 to C1Q. Process according to claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the carboxylic acid up to C2 is used, the by-product of acetic acid production, isolated as a minor fraction and / or the production of acrylic acid and alkyl acrylates and / or the regeneration of acetic acid from production of vinyl acetate. Process according to claims 2 to 7, characterized in that a carboxylic acid C 1 to C 2 is used which contains at least one further oxygen organic compound, selected from among acetic anhydride, ethylidene diacetate, crotonic aldehyde, acetaldehyde, acid. crotonic, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, oligomers and co-oligomers of vinyl acetate, alkyl acrylates and condensation products of crotone aldehyde. End of document