DD298000A5 - Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von germanium - Google Patents
Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von germanium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DD298000A5 DD298000A5 DD90340146A DD34014690A DD298000A5 DD 298000 A5 DD298000 A5 DD 298000A5 DD 90340146 A DD90340146 A DD 90340146A DD 34014690 A DD34014690 A DD 34014690A DD 298000 A5 DD298000 A5 DD 298000A5
- Authority
- DD
- German Democratic Republic
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- indium
- organic phase
- gallium
- germanium
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 52
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 150000004325 8-hydroxyquinolines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCO PLLBRTOLHQQAQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NQERQPANOIJYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylnonan-3-ylphosphonic acid Chemical compound C(C)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(P(O)(O)=O)CCCCCC NQERQPANOIJYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940111121 antirheumatic drug quinolines Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- YWACCMLWVBYNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-(5-ethylnonan-2-yl)quinolin-8-ol Chemical class C1=CC=NC2=C(O)C(C(C)CCC(CC)CCCC)=CC=C21 YWACCMLWVBYNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000020004 porter Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 102000012498 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108040003878 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 60
- ZDFBXXSHBTVQMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexoxy(2-ethylhexyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)CC(CC)CCCC ZDFBXXSHBTVQMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- -1 For example Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(O)(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylphosphine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCP(=O)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC ZMBHCYHQLYEYDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylnonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(C)C SGVYKUFIHHTIFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000622 liquid--liquid extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009858 zinc metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- ULUDEYNPUSWKJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethyloctoxy-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound CCC(CCCCCOP(O)(O)=S)CC ULUDEYNPUSWKJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMFSLUFTGOQGDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethyloctyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCC(CCCCCOP(O)(O)=O)CC ZMFSLUFTGOQGDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQZXLCVOQZVJSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-ethyloctylsulfanyl-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane Chemical compound CCC(CCCCCSP(O)(O)=S)CC MQZXLCVOQZVJSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRAUULFZTOCYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CCCC)P(O)=S Chemical compound C(CCCC)P(O)=S ZRAUULFZTOCYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVTQNKVKIHGZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CP(S)=S)CC(C)(C)C Chemical compound CC(CP(S)=S)CC(C)(C)C PVTQNKVKIHGZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009852 extractive metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- KUYLHALFMPOMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-sulfanylidene-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(O)(=S)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C KUYLHALFMPOMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOCZZJWFWDUAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(S)(=S)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C YOCZZJWFWDUAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O GAJQCIFYLSXSEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G17/00—Compounds of germanium
- C01G17/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/40—Mixtures
- C22B3/409—Mixtures at least one compound being an organo-metallic compound
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE8900472A BE1002453A3 (nl) | 1989-04-28 | 1989-04-28 | Werkwijze voor het winnen van germanium. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DD298000A5 true DD298000A5 (de) | 1992-01-30 |
Family
ID=3884142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD90340146A DD298000A5 (de) | 1989-04-28 | 1990-04-26 | Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von germanium |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0468978B1 (tr) |
| JP (1) | JPH0776396B2 (tr) |
| AU (1) | AU5347890A (tr) |
| BE (1) | BE1002453A3 (tr) |
| CA (1) | CA2047728C (tr) |
| DD (1) | DD298000A5 (tr) |
| DE (1) | DE69007788T2 (tr) |
| ES (1) | ES2052253T3 (tr) |
| PL (1) | PL284971A1 (tr) |
| PT (1) | PT93902A (tr) |
| TR (1) | TR25344A (tr) |
| WO (1) | WO1990013677A1 (tr) |
| YU (1) | YU83490A (tr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA903101B (tr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5221525A (en) * | 1991-04-26 | 1993-06-22 | N. A. Degerstrom, Inc. | Solvent extraction of gallium from acidic solutions containing phosphorus |
| RU2172357C1 (ru) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-20 | Институт металлургии Уральского отделения РАН | Способ извлечения германия из железоуглеродистых расплавов, содержащих серу |
| RU2378402C2 (ru) * | 2008-01-21 | 2010-01-10 | Институт химии и химической технологии СО РАН (ИХХТ СО РАН) | Способ извлечения германия из сернокислых растворов |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2277897A1 (fr) * | 1974-07-12 | 1976-02-06 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Procede de recuperation du gallium de solutions tres basiques par extraction liquide/liquide |
| CA1069316A (en) * | 1975-04-01 | 1980-01-08 | Metallurgie Hoboken-Overpelt | Treatment of ores or metallurgical by-products containing arsenic and antimony |
| US4389379A (en) * | 1980-08-15 | 1983-06-21 | Societe Miniere Et Metallurgique De Penarroya | Process for selective liquid-liquid extraction of germanium |
| LU83448A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-04-06 | Metallurgie Hoboken | Procede pour separer du germanium d'une solution aqueuse |
| LU83449A1 (fr) * | 1981-06-22 | 1983-04-06 | Metallurgie Hoboken | Procede pour separer du germanium d'une solution aqueuse a l'aide d'un alpha-hydroxyoxime |
| FR2532296B1 (fr) * | 1982-08-26 | 1985-06-07 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | Procede d'extraction du gallium a l'aide d'hydroxyquinoleines substituees et de composes organophosphores |
| CH656643A5 (de) * | 1983-11-29 | 1986-07-15 | Sulzer Ag | Verfahren zur fluessig-fluessig-extraktion von gallium aus basischen, waessrigen loesungen mit hilfe eines organischen extraktionsmittels. |
| DE3508041A1 (de) * | 1985-03-07 | 1986-09-11 | Preussag Ag Metall, 3380 Goslar | Verfahren zur fluessig-fluessig-extraktion von gallium, germanium oder indium aus waessrigen loesungen |
| FR2599271A1 (fr) * | 1986-05-27 | 1987-12-04 | Penarroya Miniere Metall | Procede de recuperation de l'indium, du germanium et/ou du gallium au moyen de phases echangeuses d'ions a groupement phosphonique. |
| DE3635450A1 (de) * | 1986-10-18 | 1988-04-21 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur selektiven gewinnung von germanium und/oder arsen aus waessrigen loesungen |
| AT388570B (de) * | 1986-11-07 | 1989-07-25 | Bleiberger Bergwerks Union Ag | Extraktionsmittel sowie verfahren zur aufarbeitung von ge-haeltigen waesserigen loesungen durch fluessig/fluessigextraktion |
| US4915919A (en) * | 1987-09-29 | 1990-04-10 | Cominco Ltd. | Recovery of germanium from aqueous solutions by solvent extraction |
-
1989
- 1989-04-28 BE BE8900472A patent/BE1002453A3/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1990
- 1990-04-11 ES ES90905390T patent/ES2052253T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-11 DE DE69007788T patent/DE69007788T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-11 AU AU53478/90A patent/AU5347890A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-11 WO PCT/BE1990/000016 patent/WO1990013677A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-04-11 CA CA002047728A patent/CA2047728C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-11 EP EP90905390A patent/EP0468978B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-11 JP JP2505290A patent/JPH0776396B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-24 ZA ZA903101A patent/ZA903101B/xx unknown
- 1990-04-26 YU YU83490A patent/YU83490A/sh unknown
- 1990-04-26 DD DD90340146A patent/DD298000A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-27 PT PT93902A patent/PT93902A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-04-27 PL PL28497190A patent/PL284971A1/xx unknown
- 1990-05-20 TR TR90/0370A patent/TR25344A/tr unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA903101B (en) | 1991-02-27 |
| CA2047728A1 (en) | 1990-10-29 |
| TR25344A (tr) | 1993-03-01 |
| JPH0776396B2 (ja) | 1995-08-16 |
| BE1002453A3 (nl) | 1991-02-12 |
| PT93902A (pt) | 1990-11-20 |
| DE69007788T2 (de) | 1994-10-20 |
| CA2047728C (en) | 1997-11-18 |
| JPH04500839A (ja) | 1992-02-13 |
| AU5347890A (en) | 1990-11-29 |
| PL284971A1 (en) | 1991-01-14 |
| EP0468978A1 (en) | 1992-02-05 |
| ES2052253T3 (es) | 1994-07-01 |
| YU83490A (sh) | 1993-10-20 |
| WO1990013677A1 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| EP0468978B1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
| DE69007788D1 (de) | 1994-05-05 |
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