DD298004A5 - Verfahren zur herstellung von alkalidichromaten und chromsaeuren durch elektrolyse - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von alkalidichromaten und chromsaeuren durch elektrolyse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DD298004A5 DD298004A5 DD90339430A DD33943090A DD298004A5 DD 298004 A5 DD298004 A5 DD 298004A5 DD 90339430 A DD90339430 A DD 90339430A DD 33943090 A DD33943090 A DD 33943090A DD 298004 A5 DD298004 A5 DD 298004A5
- Authority
- DD
- German Democratic Republic
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- solution
- electrolysis
- membranes
- cation exchange
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical class [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 23
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 23
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 16
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- -1 alkali metal dichromate Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003012 bilayer membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003851 corona treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical compound O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZJQGEHKLBNSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium carbonic acid dioxido(dioxo)chromium Chemical compound C(O)(O)=O.[Cr](=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+] QZJQGEHKLBNSMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000457 iridium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/22—Inorganic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/28—Per-compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3911065A DE3911065A1 (de) | 1989-04-06 | 1989-04-06 | Verfahren zur herstellung von alkalidichromaten und chromsaeuren durch elektrolyse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DD298004A5 true DD298004A5 (de) | 1992-01-30 |
Family
ID=6377951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DD90339430A DD298004A5 (de) | 1989-04-06 | 1990-04-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung von alkalidichromaten und chromsaeuren durch elektrolyse |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5127999A (pl) |
| EP (1) | EP0391192B1 (pl) |
| JP (1) | JP2904860B2 (pl) |
| KR (1) | KR960016417B1 (pl) |
| AR (1) | AR246559A1 (pl) |
| BR (1) | BR9001593A (pl) |
| CA (1) | CA2013782A1 (pl) |
| DD (1) | DD298004A5 (pl) |
| DE (2) | DE3911065A1 (pl) |
| ES (1) | ES2075083T3 (pl) |
| PL (1) | PL163448B1 (pl) |
| RO (1) | RO108989B1 (pl) |
| RU (1) | RU1806221C (pl) |
| TR (1) | TR26262A (pl) |
| ZA (1) | ZA902626B (pl) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6063252A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 2000-05-16 | Raymond; John L. | Method and apparatus for enriching the chromium in a chromium plating bath |
| AUPP521298A0 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 1998-09-03 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Purification of fibrinogen |
| AUPP790698A0 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-01-28 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation of microorganisms |
| US20050224355A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2005-10-13 | Brendon Conlan | Removal of biological contaminants |
| AUPP790898A0 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 1999-01-28 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Renal dialysis |
| US7077942B1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2006-07-18 | Gradipore Limited | Removal of biological contaminants |
| AUPQ691400A0 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2000-05-11 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation of micromolecules |
| AUPQ697300A0 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2000-05-11 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Separation apparatus |
| WO2001078877A1 (en) | 2000-04-18 | 2001-10-25 | Gradipore Limited | Electrophoresis separation and treatment of samples |
| US6923896B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2005-08-02 | The Texas A&M University System | Electrophoresis apparatus and method |
| JP2004510170A (ja) * | 2000-10-06 | 2004-04-02 | グラディポア リミテッド | マルチポート型分離装置および方法 |
| AUPR222300A0 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2001-01-25 | Life Therapeutics Limited | Electrophoresis device and method |
| CN107587156B (zh) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-06-14 | 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所 | 利用铬铁制备铬酸酐的方法 |
| JP2022531959A (ja) | 2019-05-10 | 2022-07-12 | マテリオン コーポレイション | 高強度の銅-ベリリウム合金 |
| CN116715270A (zh) * | 2023-06-12 | 2023-09-08 | 青海省博鸿化工科技股份有限公司 | 一种水合氧化铬除去重铬酸钠母液中杂质离子的方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3305463A (en) * | 1962-03-16 | 1967-02-21 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Electrolytic production of dichromates |
| US4273628A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1981-06-16 | Diamond Shamrock Corp. | Production of chromic acid using two-compartment and three-compartment cells |
| US4290864A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1981-09-22 | Diamond Shamrock Corporation | Chromic acid production process using a three-compartment cell |
-
1989
- 1989-04-06 DE DE3911065A patent/DE3911065A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1990
- 1990-03-15 RO RO144465A patent/RO108989B1/ro unknown
- 1990-03-16 TR TR90/0281A patent/TR26262A/xx unknown
- 1990-03-24 ES ES90105661T patent/ES2075083T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-24 EP EP90105661A patent/EP0391192B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-24 DE DE59009265T patent/DE59009265D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-02 JP JP2085086A patent/JP2904860B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-03 KR KR1019900004549A patent/KR960016417B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-04 CA CA002013782A patent/CA2013782A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-04-04 DD DD90339430A patent/DD298004A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-04 RU SU904743501A patent/RU1806221C/ru active
- 1990-04-05 ZA ZA902626A patent/ZA902626B/xx unknown
- 1990-04-05 PL PL90284642A patent/PL163448B1/pl unknown
- 1990-04-05 BR BR909001593A patent/BR9001593A/pt active Search and Examination
- 1990-04-06 AR AR90316581A patent/AR246559A1/es active
-
1991
- 1991-06-10 US US07/713,625 patent/US5127999A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5127999A (en) | 1992-07-07 |
| PL163448B1 (pl) | 1994-03-31 |
| EP0391192A2 (de) | 1990-10-10 |
| JP2904860B2 (ja) | 1999-06-14 |
| DE3911065A1 (de) | 1990-10-11 |
| EP0391192B1 (de) | 1995-06-21 |
| CA2013782A1 (en) | 1990-10-06 |
| EP0391192A3 (de) | 1991-12-11 |
| RU1806221C (ru) | 1993-03-30 |
| RO108989B1 (ro) | 1994-10-31 |
| AR246559A1 (es) | 1994-08-31 |
| JPH02285084A (ja) | 1990-11-22 |
| DE59009265D1 (de) | 1995-07-27 |
| KR960016417B1 (ko) | 1996-12-11 |
| ES2075083T3 (es) | 1995-10-01 |
| TR26262A (tr) | 1995-02-15 |
| BR9001593A (pt) | 1991-05-07 |
| KR900016501A (ko) | 1990-11-13 |
| ZA902626B (en) | 1991-01-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0391192B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkalidichromaten und Chromsäuren durch Elektrolyse | |
| EP0124087B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Anreicherung von Schwefelsäure | |
| DE4426246A1 (de) | Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Herstellung von Alkalimetall- oder Ammoniumperoxodisulfatsalzen und Alkalimetallhydroxid | |
| EP0433748B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chromsäure | |
| EP0384194B1 (de) | Formstabile Anoden und deren Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Alkalidichromaten und Chromsäure | |
| DE2432416A1 (de) | Verfahren zur gewinnung von elektrolytisch hergestellten alkalichloraten | |
| DD262679A5 (de) | Verfahren zur entfernung von chrom-vi-ionen aus waessrigen loesungen | |
| DE2124045C3 (de) | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen Her stellung von reinem Chlor, Wasserstoff und reinen konzentrierten Alkaliphosphat lösungen und Elektrolyslerzelle zur Durch führung des Verfahrens | |
| DE3324945C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff aus Wasser | |
| DE2845943A1 (de) | Verfahren zur alkalichlorid-elektrolyse | |
| EP0008470B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Elektrolyse wässriger Alkalihalogenid-Lösungen | |
| EP0356804B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkalidichromaten und Chromsäure | |
| DE4219758A1 (de) | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen Herstellung von Dicarbonsäuren | |
| EP0356806B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chromsäure | |
| EP0356805B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkalidichromaten und Chromsäure | |
| EP0433750B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chromsäure | |
| EP0356802B1 (de) | Elektrochemisches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chromsäure | |
| EP1167579B1 (de) | Chloralkalielektrolyse-Verfahren in Membranzellen unter Elektrolyse von ungereinigtem Siedesalz | |
| EP0356807B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkalidichromaten und Chromsäure | |
| DE3529649A1 (de) | Verfahren zur anreicherung von schwefelsaeure | |
| DE2701453A1 (de) | Verfahren zur elektrolytischen oxydation von dialkyldithiocarbamaten zu tetraalkylthiuramdisulfiden | |
| DE19516304C1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkaliperoxid-Hydrat | |
| DE3837266A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von natriumdichromat | |
| EP3824118A1 (de) | Verfahren zur leistungsverbesserung von nickelelektroden | |
| CH203740A (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mangan auf elektrolytischem Wege. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENJ | Ceased due to non-payment of renewal fee |