DK2344931T3 - Volumenhologram med ekspansionsmiddellag eller kontraktionsmiddellag til frembringelse af farvemønstre - Google Patents
Volumenhologram med ekspansionsmiddellag eller kontraktionsmiddellag til frembringelse af farvemønstreInfo
- Publication number
- DK2344931T3 DK2344931T3 DK09748029.7T DK09748029T DK2344931T3 DK 2344931 T3 DK2344931 T3 DK 2344931T3 DK 09748029 T DK09748029 T DK 09748029T DK 2344931 T3 DK2344931 T3 DK 2344931T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- agent layer
- volume hologram
- color patterns
- produce color
- contraction
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
- B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/18—Particular processing of hologram record carriers, e.g. for obtaining blazed holograms
-
- B42D2033/14—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0276—Replicating a master hologram without interference recording
- G03H1/028—Replicating a master hologram without interference recording by embossing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/18—Particular processing of hologram record carriers, e.g. for obtaining blazed holograms
- G03H1/181—Pre-exposure processing, e.g. hypersensitisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/18—Particular processing of hologram record carriers, e.g. for obtaining blazed holograms
- G03H1/182—Post-exposure processing, e.g. latensification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/20—Copying holograms by holographic, i.e. optical means
- G03H1/202—Contact copy when the reconstruction beam for the master H1 also serves as reference beam for the copy H2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/18—Particular processing of hologram record carriers, e.g. for obtaining blazed holograms
- G03H2001/186—Swelling or shrinking the holographic record or compensation thereof, e.g. for controlling the reconstructed wavelength
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/20—Copying holograms by holographic, i.e. optical means
- G03H2001/207—Copying holograms by holographic, i.e. optical means with modification of the nature of the hologram, e.g. changing from volume to surface relief or from reflection to transmission
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
- G03H2001/2223—Particular relationship between light source, hologram and observer
- G03H2001/2231—Reflection reconstruction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2249—Holobject properties
- G03H2001/2263—Multicoloured holobject
- G03H2001/2271—RGB holobject
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2286—Particular reconstruction light ; Beam properties
- G03H2001/2289—Particular reconstruction light ; Beam properties when reconstruction wavelength differs form recording wavelength
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H2001/2625—Nature of the sub-holograms
- G03H2001/2635—Mixed volume and surface relief holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H1/30—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique discrete holograms only
- G03H2001/303—Interleaved sub-holograms, e.g. three RGB sub-holograms having interleaved pixels for reconstructing coloured holobject
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/12—Amplitude mask, e.g. diaphragm, Louver filter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/40—Printed information overlapped with the hologram
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/44—Colour tuning layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
- G03H2260/12—Photopolymer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
- G03H2270/20—Shape
- G03H2270/23—Ribbon shaped, e.g. holographic foil
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Finance (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
- Holo Graphy (AREA)
- Diffracting Gratings Or Hologram Optical Elements (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008052067A DE102008052067A1 (de) | 2008-10-17 | 2008-10-17 | Volumenhologramm mit Expansionsmittelschicht bzw. Kontraktionsmittelschicht |
| PCT/EP2009/007429 WO2010043403A1 (de) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | Volumenhologramm mit expansionsmittelschicht bzw. kontraktionsmittelschicht zur erzeugung von farbmustern |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK2344931T3 true DK2344931T3 (da) | 2013-07-22 |
Family
ID=41429279
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK09748029.7T DK2344931T3 (da) | 2008-10-17 | 2009-10-16 | Volumenhologram med ekspansionsmiddellag eller kontraktionsmiddellag til frembringelse af farvemønstre |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8507154B2 (da) |
| EP (1) | EP2344931B1 (da) |
| JP (1) | JP5734192B2 (da) |
| CA (1) | CA2740536C (da) |
| DE (1) | DE102008052067A1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK2344931T3 (da) |
| ES (1) | ES2422656T3 (da) |
| PL (1) | PL2344931T3 (da) |
| WO (1) | WO2010043403A1 (da) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070223074A1 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2007-09-27 | Harris Ken R | Hybrid reflection hologram |
| DE102007019837A1 (de) * | 2007-04-25 | 2008-11-13 | Hologram Industries Research Gmbh | Volumenhologramm, Master zur Herstellung der Standardelemente des Volumenhologramms und Verfahren zur nachträglichen Hologrammindividualisierung bei der Applikation auf Personal- und Wertdokumente |
| DE102007025907A1 (de) * | 2007-06-01 | 2008-12-11 | Hologram Industries Research Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines mehrfarbigen Volumenhologramms, Dokument mit einem solchen Hologramm und Volumenhologramm-Master |
| DE102008036481A1 (de) * | 2008-08-05 | 2010-02-11 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sicherheitselementen mit zueinander gepasserten Motiven |
| CN102092210B (zh) * | 2009-12-11 | 2015-06-03 | 奥普赛科安全集团股份有限公司 | 光学可变装置,安全装置和利用它的制品及其生产方法 |
| JP5594043B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-08 | 2014-09-24 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 偽造防止構造体、及び偽造防止媒体 |
| EP2579217A1 (de) * | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-10 | Deutsche Post AG | Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die Markierung von Wertlabeln |
| DE102011117044B4 (de) | 2011-10-27 | 2019-05-29 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Sicherheitselement |
| WO2014114582A2 (de) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Sicherheitselement mit volumenhologramm und druckmerkmal |
| DE102013207852A1 (de) * | 2013-04-29 | 2014-11-13 | Carl Zeiss Sports Optics Gmbh | Fernoptisches Gerät |
| DE102013217291A1 (de) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Verfahren zum dezentralen Markieren eines Sicherheitsdokuments |
| DE102015206852A1 (de) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-10-20 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Volumenhologramms in einem Fotopolymermaterial sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokuments |
| DE102017120536B4 (de) | 2017-09-06 | 2023-12-14 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Hologramms, sowie ein Sicherheitselement und ein Sicherheitsdokument |
| DE102018207251B4 (de) * | 2018-05-09 | 2025-10-16 | Bundesdruckerei Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sicherheitselements mit zwei Sicherheitsmerkmalen und Verwendung des Verfahrens |
| US12405409B2 (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2025-09-02 | Meta Platforms Technologies, Llc | Chemical diffusion treated volume holograms and methods for making the same |
| JP7311013B2 (ja) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-07-19 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 体積ホログラム積層体、体積ホログラム積層体の製造方法、体積ホログラム転写箔、体積ホログラムラベル、埋込用体積ホログラムシート、カードおよびホログラム貼付物品 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3484313A (en) * | 1965-03-25 | 1969-12-16 | Hitachi Ltd | Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices |
| US3854791A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1974-12-17 | Hitachi Ltd | Holographic memory with random phase illumination hologram |
| US4518666A (en) * | 1983-06-30 | 1985-05-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Enlargement of photopolymer images in photopolymer mask |
| US4965152A (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1990-10-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Holographic notch filters |
| US4950567A (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1990-08-21 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Holographic optical combiners for head-up displays |
| US4963471A (en) * | 1989-07-14 | 1990-10-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Holographic photopolymer compositions and elements for refractive index imaging |
| JPH04136845A (ja) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-05-11 | Konica Corp | 人物画像入りカードの作製方法 |
| US5278008A (en) * | 1990-10-31 | 1994-01-11 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Diffraction efficiency control in holographic elements |
| JPH04263281A (ja) * | 1991-02-19 | 1992-09-18 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | リップマン・ホログラム |
| DE4110235C2 (de) * | 1991-03-28 | 1995-03-16 | Ver Glaswerke Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines am Rand eine Übergangszone aufweisenden holographischen Elements für eine Windschutzscheibe |
| US5182180A (en) | 1991-08-27 | 1993-01-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Dry film process for altering the wavelength of response of holograms |
| US5856048A (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1999-01-05 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Information-recorded media and methods for reading the information |
| JP3405465B2 (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 2003-05-12 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | カラーホログラムの製造方法 |
| US5415950A (en) | 1993-11-08 | 1995-05-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Holographic flake pigment |
| JP3781214B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-22 | 2006-05-31 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | ホログラムカラー表示媒体及びその作製方法 |
| US7215451B1 (en) * | 1996-04-15 | 2007-05-08 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Reflection type diffuse hologram, hologram for reflection hologram color filters, etc., and reflection type display device using such holograms |
| DE19924385A1 (de) | 1999-05-27 | 2000-12-07 | Xetos Ag | Informationsträger mit Hologramm |
| DE102006016139A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-18 | Ovd Kinegram Ag | Mehrschichtkörper mit Volumen-Hologramm |
| DE102006023159A1 (de) | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-22 | Hologram Industries Research Gmbh | Herstellungsverfahren für Dokumente mit Hologramm sowie Hologramm |
| DE102006048768A1 (de) * | 2006-10-12 | 2008-04-17 | Hologram Industries Research Gmbh | Herstellungsverfahren für Hologramme sowie Dokumente mit Hologramm |
| US8559084B2 (en) * | 2007-06-19 | 2013-10-15 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Volume hologram transfer foil, volume hologram laminate, and production method thereof |
| DE102008007620A1 (de) * | 2008-02-04 | 2009-08-27 | Hologram Industries Research Gmbh | Verfahren zur Individualisierung von Volumenhologrammen und damit hergestellte Sicherheitselemente |
-
2008
- 2008-10-17 DE DE102008052067A patent/DE102008052067A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-16 ES ES09748029T patent/ES2422656T3/es active Active
- 2009-10-16 US US13/124,557 patent/US8507154B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-16 CA CA2740536A patent/CA2740536C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-16 PL PL09748029T patent/PL2344931T3/pl unknown
- 2009-10-16 DK DK09748029.7T patent/DK2344931T3/da active
- 2009-10-16 EP EP09748029.7A patent/EP2344931B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-10-16 JP JP2011531400A patent/JP5734192B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-16 WO PCT/EP2009/007429 patent/WO2010043403A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL2344931T3 (pl) | 2013-09-30 |
| DE102008052067A1 (de) | 2010-04-22 |
| EP2344931A1 (de) | 2011-07-20 |
| JP5734192B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
| CA2740536C (en) | 2016-10-25 |
| EP2344931B1 (de) | 2013-04-24 |
| JP2012506062A (ja) | 2012-03-08 |
| ES2422656T3 (es) | 2013-09-12 |
| US8507154B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
| CA2740536A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
| WO2010043403A1 (de) | 2010-04-22 |
| US20110212387A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
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