DK3218308T3 - Fremgangsmåde til reduktion af seksvalent chrom i oxidiske faste stoffer - Google Patents
Fremgangsmåde til reduktion af seksvalent chrom i oxidiske faste stoffer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK3218308T3 DK3218308T3 DK15784937.3T DK15784937T DK3218308T3 DK 3218308 T3 DK3218308 T3 DK 3218308T3 DK 15784937 T DK15784937 T DK 15784937T DK 3218308 T3 DK3218308 T3 DK 3218308T3
- Authority
- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- weight
- atmosphere
- reactor
- less
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 108
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 121
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 78
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium chromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O PXLIDIMHPNPGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical group [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 27
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 12
- BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) Chemical compound [Cr+3] BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 6
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 hydrogen sulphite ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 6
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910017356 Fe2C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSPIHGBHKVISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphenylcarbazide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NNC(=O)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 KSPIHGBHKVISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DNWNZRZGKVWORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][V](=O)=O.[O-][V](=O)=O DNWNZRZGKVWORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000615 substance of very high concern Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000011045 Chloride Channels Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062745 Chloride Channels Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910003430 FeCr2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical class [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000906149 Leucobacter sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001058 brown pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BCFSVSISUGYRMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(dioxo)chromium;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O BCFSVSISUGYRMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013056 hazardous product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Inorganic materials [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical class O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UNHKSXOTUHOTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;sulfane Chemical compound [Na].S UNHKSXOTUHOTAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/0018—Mixed oxides or hydroxides
- C01G49/0045—Mixed oxides or hydroxides containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G37/00—Compounds of chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Claims (15)
1. Fremgangsmåde til reduktion af seksvalent chrom i oxidiske faste stoffer indeholdende trinnene: a) opvarmning af det oxidiske faste stof indeholdende Cr(VI) i en atmosfære indeholdende mindre end 0.1 vol.-% af en oxiderende gas til en temperatur fra 600 til 1.400 °C og b) afkøling af det ifølge trin a) opnåede reaktionsprodukt i en atmosfære indeholdende mindre end 0.1 vol.-% af en oxiderende gas til en temperatur på under 100°C, kendetegnet ved, at der i fremgangsmåden ikke tilsættes noget reduktionsmiddel til det oxidiske faste stof samt til atmosfæren i trin a) og b).
2. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 1, kendetegnet ved, at det anvendte oxidiske faste stof er en chromertsremanens.
3. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 eller 2, kendetegnet ved, at det anvendte oxidiske faste stof har op til 80.000 ppm, fortrinsvis op til 50.000 ppm, særligt foretrukket 1.000 til 15.000 ppm Cr(VI).
4. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 3, kendetegnet ved, at Cr(VI) i det oxidiske faste stof foreligger som natriummonochromat (Na2CrC>4) .
5. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 4, kendetegnet ved, at det oxidiske faste stof har følgende sammensætning: •chrom(111)-oxid (Cr2O3) : 7 til 13 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 7.5 til 12.5 vægt-% • aluminiumoxid (AI2O3) : 10 til 30 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 18 til 24 vægt-% • j ern (111) oxid (Fe2C>3) : 42 til 50 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 42 til 48 vægt-% • magnesiumoxid (MgO) : 9 til 18 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 10 til 17 vægt-% • calciumoxid (CaO): < 10 vægt-%, fortrinsvis < 5 vægt-% • siliciumoxid (SiO2) : 0 til 3 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 1 til 3 vægt-% • vanadiumoxid (V2O5) : < 1 vægt-%, fortrinsvis < 0.5 vægt-% • natriumoxid (Na2O) : 0 til 5 vægt-%, fortrinsvis 2 til 5 vægt-o o • natriummonochromat (Na2CrC>4) : 0.3 til 4.7 vægt-%.
6. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 5, kendetegnet ved, at i det mindste 90% af partiklerne i det oxidiske faste stof er mindre end 500 pm, særligt foretrukket mindre end 300 pm.
7. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 6, kendetegnet ved, at atmosfæren i trin a) indeholdende mindre end 0.1 vol.-%, fortrinsvis mindre end 0.01 vol.-%, af en oxiderende gas, er udvalgt af gruppen bestående af inert gasatmosfære og vakuum.
8. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at atmosfæren i trin a) indeholdende mindre end 0.1 vol.-%, fortrinsvis mindre end 0.01 vol.-%, af en oxiderende gas, er inert gasatmosfære, og idet i det mindste 90 vol.-%, fortrinsvis i det mindste 95 vol.-%, særligt foretrukket i det mindste 99 vol.-%, ganske særligt foretrukket i det mindste 99.9 vol.-%, består af en eller flere gasser udvalgt af gruppen bestående af ædelgasser, navnlig af helium og argon, nitrogen og carbondioxid, fortrinsvis udvalgt af gruppen bestående af nitrogen og carbondioxid, ganske særligt foretrukket af nitrogen.
9. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at atmosfæren i trin a) indeholdende mindre end 0.1 vol.-%, fortrinsvis mindre end 0.01 vol.-%, af en oxiderende gas, er vakuum, fortrinsvis en atmosfære med et tryk på mindre end 800 mbar, særligt foretrukket mindre end 650 mbar, ganske særligt foretrukket på mindre end 450 mbar.
10. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 9, kendetegnet ved, at det oxidiske faste stof i trin a) opvarmes til en temperatur fra 850 °C til 1.200 °C, fortrinsvis til en temperatur fra 950 °C til 1.150 °C.
11. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 10, kendetegnet ved, at opvarmningen i trin a) sker i en kontinuerligt arbejdende eller diskontinuerligt arbejdende reaktor, fortrinsvis i en kontinuerligt arbejdende reaktor.
12. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 11, kendetegnet ved, at reaktoren er en reaktor opvarmet med gas eller elektrisk indirekte opvarmet reaktor, fortrinsvis en elektrisk indirekte opvarmet reaktor.
13. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 11 eller 12, kendetegnet ved, at reaktoren er en elektrisk indirekte opvarmet vandret roterovn, fortrinsvis en tozonet roterovn.
14. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 13, kendetegnet ved, at det ifølge trin a) opnåede reaktionsprodukt i trin b) afkøles til en temperatur under 40 °C, særligt foretrukket under 30 °C.
15. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 1 til 14, kendetegnet ved, at det ifølge trin a) opnåede reaktionsprodukt i trin b) forbliver i reaktoren, og reaktoren efter frakobling af den indirekte opvarmning afkøles ved hjælp af inert gas.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14193035.4A EP3020690A1 (de) | 2014-11-13 | 2014-11-13 | Verfahren zur Reduktion von sechswertigem Chrom in oxidischen Feststoffen |
| PCT/EP2015/073770 WO2016074878A1 (de) | 2014-11-13 | 2015-10-14 | Verfahren zur reduktion von sechswertigem chrom in oxidischen feststoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DK3218308T3 true DK3218308T3 (da) | 2018-10-01 |
Family
ID=51870938
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK15784937.3T DK3218308T3 (da) | 2014-11-13 | 2015-10-14 | Fremgangsmåde til reduktion af seksvalent chrom i oxidiske faste stoffer |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180282176A1 (da) |
| EP (2) | EP3020690A1 (da) |
| CN (1) | CN107108259A (da) |
| AR (1) | AR102645A1 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK3218308T3 (da) |
| ES (1) | ES2685904T3 (da) |
| HR (1) | HRP20181435T1 (da) |
| HU (1) | HUE039006T2 (da) |
| LT (1) | LT3218308T (da) |
| PL (1) | PL3218308T3 (da) |
| PT (1) | PT3218308T (da) |
| RU (1) | RU2017120378A (da) |
| SI (1) | SI3218308T1 (da) |
| WO (1) | WO2016074878A1 (da) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3601625B1 (en) | 2017-03-21 | 2021-05-19 | Brother Group (Hong Kong) Limited | Process for preparing iron- and chrome-containing particles |
| EP3628753B1 (en) | 2018-09-26 | 2022-05-04 | Brother Group (Hong Kong) Limited | Process for preparing iron- and chrome-containing pellets |
| EP3760748B1 (en) | 2019-07-02 | 2023-09-20 | Brother Group (Hong Kong) Limited | Process for preparing optimized calcined, iron- and chrome-containing pellets |
| CN112028131B (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2024-03-12 | 暨南大学 | 一种硫化纳米零价铁及其制备方法和用途 |
| CN115874067B (zh) * | 2023-01-04 | 2025-09-12 | 北京科技大学 | 一种从高铬型钒渣中分离钒铬的方法 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58225158A (ja) | 1982-06-25 | 1983-12-27 | Nippon Chem Ind Co Ltd:The | セラミツク用着色剤 |
| JPS5992968A (ja) | 1982-11-18 | 1984-05-29 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | 耐凍害性燻瓦の製造方法 |
| JPS6236061A (ja) | 1985-08-09 | 1987-02-17 | 日本化学工業株式会社 | セラミツクス用着色剤 |
| US7220394B2 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2007-05-22 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Process for simultaneous recovery of chromium and iron from chromite ore processing residue |
| CN100999335A (zh) * | 2006-01-09 | 2007-07-18 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种采用水热还原铬酸盐制备氧化铬粉体的方法 |
| CN100528759C (zh) * | 2007-01-26 | 2009-08-19 | 湖南佳飞新材料有限公司 | 一种从碳素铬铁中生产三氧化二铬和草酸亚铁的方法 |
| US20090162273A1 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Chromium oxide powder having a reduced level of hexavalent chromium and a method of making the powder |
| US20100135876A1 (en) | 2008-12-01 | 2010-06-03 | Robert Stanforth | Process for solubilizing, reducing and fixing hexavalent chromium contained in chromite ore processing residue into trivalent chromium |
| CN101456589B (zh) * | 2009-01-05 | 2010-07-14 | 中南大学 | 含铬物料强氧化焙烧方法 |
| AR084183A1 (es) * | 2010-12-08 | 2013-04-24 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Procedimiento para la produccion de oxido de cromo (iii) |
| EP2565162A1 (de) * | 2011-09-05 | 2013-03-06 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chrom(III)-oxid |
| PT2870107T (pt) * | 2012-07-06 | 2018-03-28 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Processo para redução de cromo hexavalente em sólidos oxídicos |
| EP2682370A1 (de) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-08 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Verfahren zur Reduktion von sechswertigem Chrom in oxidischen Feststoffen |
| CN103121717B (zh) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-03-11 | 湖北理工学院 | 一种混炼铬铁矿和铬铁制备铬酸钠的方法及其装置 |
-
2014
- 2014-11-13 EP EP14193035.4A patent/EP3020690A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2015
- 2015-10-14 HR HRP20181435TT patent/HRP20181435T1/hr unknown
- 2015-10-14 RU RU2017120378A patent/RU2017120378A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2015-10-14 CN CN201580061605.4A patent/CN107108259A/zh active Pending
- 2015-10-14 ES ES15784937.3T patent/ES2685904T3/es active Active
- 2015-10-14 DK DK15784937.3T patent/DK3218308T3/da active
- 2015-10-14 PT PT15784937T patent/PT3218308T/pt unknown
- 2015-10-14 LT LTEP15784937.3T patent/LT3218308T/lt unknown
- 2015-10-14 WO PCT/EP2015/073770 patent/WO2016074878A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2015-10-14 US US15/524,426 patent/US20180282176A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-14 PL PL15784937T patent/PL3218308T3/pl unknown
- 2015-10-14 HU HUE15784937A patent/HUE039006T2/hu unknown
- 2015-10-14 SI SI201530395T patent/SI3218308T1/sl unknown
- 2015-10-14 EP EP15784937.3A patent/EP3218308B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2015-11-13 AR ARP150103704A patent/AR102645A1/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2685904T3 (es) | 2018-10-15 |
| LT3218308T (lt) | 2018-10-10 |
| PL3218308T3 (pl) | 2018-11-30 |
| RU2017120378A3 (da) | 2019-03-28 |
| AR102645A1 (es) | 2017-03-15 |
| EP3020690A1 (de) | 2016-05-18 |
| US20180282176A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| WO2016074878A1 (de) | 2016-05-19 |
| EP3218308B1 (de) | 2018-06-13 |
| HRP20181435T1 (hr) | 2018-10-19 |
| RU2017120378A (ru) | 2018-12-13 |
| HUE039006T2 (hu) | 2018-12-28 |
| SI3218308T1 (sl) | 2018-10-30 |
| CN107108259A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
| PT3218308T (pt) | 2018-10-15 |
| EP3218308A1 (de) | 2017-09-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DK2870107T3 (da) | Fremgangsmåde til reduktion af seksvalent chrom i oxidiske faste stoffer | |
| DK3218308T3 (da) | Fremgangsmåde til reduktion af seksvalent chrom i oxidiske faste stoffer | |
| Parirenyatwa et al. | Comparative study of alkali roasting and leaching of chromite ores and titaniferous minerals | |
| Halli et al. | Developing a sustainable solution for recycling electric arc furnace dust via organic acid leaching | |
| Liu et al. | A novel method to extract vanadium and chromium from vanadium slag using molten NaOH‐NaNO 3 binary system | |
| EP1097247B1 (en) | A method for isolation and production of magnesium based products | |
| EP2116515A1 (en) | A method of preparing chromic oxide and ferrous oxalate from carbon ferrochrome | |
| Zhao et al. | A cleaner method for preparation of chromium oxide from chromite | |
| Long et al. | Recovery of Cr (Ⅵ) from tannery sludge and chrome-tanned leather shavings by Na2CO3 segmented calcination | |
| US4614543A (en) | Mixed lixiviant for separate recovery of zinc and lead from iron-containing waste materials | |
| CN114606387A (zh) | 一种砷碱渣的湿法-火法联用综合回收方法 | |
| Fernandez et al. | The Leaching of Aluminium In Spanish Clays, Coal Mining Wastes and Coal Fly Ashes by Sulphuric Acid. | |
| Wang et al. | Efficient and selective hydrothermal extraction of zinc from zinc-containing electric arc furnace dust using a novel bifunctional agent | |
| US5395601A (en) | Re-calcination and extraction process for the detoxification and comprehensive utilization of chromic residues | |
| CN110306065A (zh) | 一种钒渣制备偏钒酸铵的方法 | |
| US10125409B2 (en) | Method and plant for processing roasted pyrites | |
| SE449757B (sv) | Forfarande for atervinning av verdefulla metaller ur katalysatorer | |
| CS231954B2 (en) | Manufacturing process of hydrated chromic oxide from chrome ores | |
| Fursman | Utilization of red mud residues from alumina production | |
| Tanvar et al. | Environmental management by recycling of bauxite residue | |
| EP2682370A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Reduktion von sechswertigem Chrom in oxidischen Feststoffen | |
| Manaa | Titania preparation from soda roasted slag using sulfuric acid solution | |
| Ntita et al. | Investigation on the mechanisms of bio‐processing vanadium slags | |
| KR20070100282A (ko) | 난용성 티탄함유 광석의 예비처리 | |
| CN86107137B (zh) | 氧化铁颜料及其制备方法 |