EP0094893A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094893A1
EP0094893A1 EP83400998A EP83400998A EP0094893A1 EP 0094893 A1 EP0094893 A1 EP 0094893A1 EP 83400998 A EP83400998 A EP 83400998A EP 83400998 A EP83400998 A EP 83400998A EP 0094893 A1 EP0094893 A1 EP 0094893A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
height
treatment
piston
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83400998A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0094893B1 (de
Inventor
Luc Ratouis
Gérard Dreyfuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creusot Loire SA
Original Assignee
Creusot Loire SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Creusot Loire SA filed Critical Creusot Loire SA
Priority to AT83400998T priority Critical patent/ATE18797T1/de
Publication of EP0094893A1 publication Critical patent/EP0094893A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0094893B1 publication Critical patent/EP0094893B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method and an installation for treating a solid material reduced to pieces and applies more particularly to the gasification of plant materials.
  • Gasification devices have been known for a long time in which the vegetable material reduced to pieces is traversed by a hot treatment gas.
  • a hot treatment gas are known in particular fixed bed gasifiers constituted by an enclosure with a vertical axis in which the material to be treated loaded from above circulates against the current of gases flowing from bottom to top, passing successively through drying, pyrolysis zones and gasification, the ash and the gases produced being recovered at the bottom.
  • hot gases are recovered at the top of the treatment chamber which are reinjected after combustion at the limit of the pyrolysis and gasification zones. Part of these gases rises back into the gasifier to ensure pyrolysis and drying, the other part descending downward to ensure gasification.
  • the bottom of the treatment chamber is provided with at least two filtering zones, each connected to a suction circuit, one for the gases having passed through the pyrolysis zone which are recycled to the burner and the other for gases produced in the gasification zone and which are recovered.
  • the material pushed by the piston tends to rise upwards, forming an embankment which locks against the upper wall of the treatment chamber. This results in braking of the material which compresses more and more under the action of the piston and makes the circulation of gases more difficult, which obliges to increase the power of the fans ensuring this circulation.
  • the hot gases when produced by a burner placed at the downstream end, tend to be sucked preferably into the gasification zone through the embankment made downstream the material layer, which decreases the yield.
  • the subject of the invention is a method and an installation perfec tionmos allowing, without excessive complication, to ensure over the entire length of the load the transverse circulation of hot gases under optimal conditions and thus obtain a better gasification yield.
  • a maximum height (hl) of the layer of material is determined, leading to admissible conditions for the circulation of gases. hot, the material charge is given, at its entry into the treatment chamber, a height (h2) less than the maximum height (hl) and the increase in height of the layer of material resulting from the thrust of the piston and of the thermal reaction from the entry into the treatment chamber until the end of the pyrolysis reaction, so that the height (h) of the layer of material remains less than the maximum height (hl ) over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone.
  • the central part of the load is pushed forward of the periphery so as to provide inside the load, each time the piston moves forwards and backwards, a decompression zone of dimensions sufficient to compensate for the increased load height.
  • the improved installation for implementing the method therefore comprises means for limiting the height of the layer of material as it enters the treatment chamber and over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone.
  • this comprises a deflector partition extending transversely downward from the upper wall in the plane of the entry orifice and on a height capable of compensating for the foreseeable swelling of the material in the pyrolysis zone.
  • the means for limiting the height of the layer of material in the pyrolysis zone consists of a grid spaced a certain distance from the bottom of the treatment chamber and extending from the lower level of the deflector over the entire width of the chamber and over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone.
  • the piston is extended in the direction of thrust by a rod forming a spur and extending, in the advancing position of the piston, practically over the entire pyrolysis zone.
  • This rod is preferably placed in the cen part trale of the piston and extends overhanging above the bottom of the chamber.
  • the treatment chamber To decrease the increase in height of the load under the action of the pushing of the piston, it is necessary to give the treatment chamber a certain inclination which makes it possible to reduce the role of the piston.
  • the characteristics of the material not only when it enters the chamber but also at the end of the treatment, one can know the conditions in which it advances along the bottom of the chamber, in particular friction, and determine the inclination of the slope natural formed at the downstream discharge end and which depends on the characteristics of the material and the inclination of the bottom.
  • We can thus define an inclination of the chamber which will, by combining the effect of this inclination with that of the piston, cause the advancement of the load at a speed controlled by the piston, the latter being alternately driven by slow movement forward and a rapid movement back so that the progression is practically continuous.
  • the desired flow rate as well as the nature of the material and its particle size, it is possible to determine the maximum height of the layer leading to a loss permissible load for which the conditions of circulation of hot gases through the load cause the pyrolysis of the latter in good conditions over the entire height of the layer.
  • the desired flow rate it is also possible to determine the height which should be given to the load on entering the chamber and which must be less than the maximum height calculated previously, the difference corresponding to the foreseeable increase in height of the layer of material resulting from the thrust of the piston and the thermal reaction.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 schematically represent an improved treatment installation according to the invention, in two positions of the thrust piston.
  • Figure 3 shows in more detail and on an enlarged scale a treatment installation provided with improvements according to the invention.
  • the installation shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2 and in more detail in Figure 3, comprises a treatment chamber 1 of elongated shape limited by two side walls, an upper wall 10 and a bottom 13 and of axis inclined relative to the horizontal, for example 20 °; the lower end, constituting the downstream end, is closed by a wall 11 while the upper end, constituting the upstream end, opens by an inlet orifice 12 on a supply chamber 2 into which opens out a material inlet pipe 21.
  • the lower part of the treatment chamber 1 forms a flat bottom 13 which is formed, at least in part, by two grids 14 and 15 extending respectively on the upstream part and on the downstream part of the treatment chamber 1.
  • the bottom 13 ends, downstream of the grid 15, by a threshold 130 which forms the edge of a hopper 160 leading to a discharge orifice 16 and into which the materials from the downstream end of the chamber are discharged. treatment 1.
  • the treatment chamber 1 is equipped, at its downstream end, with a burner 18 opening into the chamber 1 through an orifice formed in the upper wall 10.
  • the material to be treated 4 being in the form of pieces of small dimensions, for example between 50 and 100 mm, is loaded by line 21 and opens into the supply chamber 2 at the base of which is placed a push piston 3.
  • the latter can slide along the flat bottom 22 of the supply chamber 2 and is actuated by a jack 31, the two elements of which are articulated on the wall 23 of the chamber and on the piston 3.
  • the latter can be formed a metal box of rectangular section provided downstream with a bevel extension 32 allowing it to receive the resulting counter-thrust necessary for its seat.
  • the material 4 forms, along the bottom 13 of the chamber 1 a layer 40 traversed by the hot gases sucked in by the grids 14 and 15 and which passes successively through drying zones S, pyrolysis P and gasification G.
  • the gases produced in the drying S and pyrolysis P zones, which correspond substantially to the grid 14, are sucked in by the ventila 5 and returned by a recycling line 52 to the burner 18.
  • the gases produced in the gasification zone G corresponding substantially to the grid 15 are sucked in by the fan 6 and returned to a use circuit 60. They are preferably cooled upstream of the fan 6 by an air exchanger 62, the hot air thus produced serving to supply the burner 18.
  • the treatment chamber 1 will therefore be given a height H slightly greater than hl.
  • a deflector 7 is used consisting of a partition placed in front the inlet 12 of the chamber 1 and extending transversely thereto from the upper wall 10, over a height h3 which corresponds to the foreseeable swelling of the material under the action of the piston and of the pyrolysis reaction.
  • the piston 3 has a height substantially less than the height h2 of the inlet orifice 12.
  • the piston 3 moves between the rear wall 21 of the supply chamber 2 and the plane of the inlet orifice 12. Its height can be determined, taking into account the characteristics of the material, so that the area of the material pushed by the piston at the base of the supply chamber 2, and which has a substantially conical shape, has, in the plane of the inlet orifice 12, a height substantially equal to the height h2 thereof.
  • a grid 71 which extends at the level of the lower edge of the deflector on the entire width of the chamber 1 and, substantially, over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone P, while remaining spaced a certain distance above the bottom 13 of the chamber.
  • the grid 71 is slightly inclined upwards relative to the bottom 13 so that the distance between the bottom and the grid gradually increases from upstream to downstream, this increase corresponding substantially predictable swelling of the charge during pyrolysis.
  • the height of the grid above the bottom 13, at its downstream end will therefore be substantially equal to the maximum height hl previously determined.
  • the grid 71 makes it possible to control the increase in height of the charge during the entire pyrolysis zone where swelling of the charge may occur. From the end of the pyrolysis, in fact, the effect of the gasification reaction tends, on the contrary, to cause a reduction in the height of the charge which compensates for the tendency to swell resulting, at this time, only from the pushing of the piston. and then the natural slope release further decreases the height of the load. This is why the risk of blockage of the load against the upper wall 10 of the chamber is limited, in any event, to an area of length that is short enough not to oppose the passage of the hot gases produced by the burner. 18, as far as the empty space 43 formed between the grid 71 and the upper wall 10 of the oven. Thus, it is certain that the hot gases can circulate to the upstream end of the furnace and therefore pass through the load from top to bottom over its entire length.
  • the piston 3 When the piston 3 advances, it exerts a pressure on the load which is distributed more or less along two zones shown in phantom in Figure 2 and flares from the front face of the piston 3 and from the end of the spur 33.
  • the pushing effect is thus distributed over a certain length of the load and therefore determines a lower swelling of the slope due to the pushing and, at the same time, less compression of the material.
  • the grid 71 and the spur 33 serve to limit the height of the load, however have different effects.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to treat in a furnace thus improved, not only wood but also particularly swelling products such as, for example, cotton, rice husk or coffee parches compacted.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
EP83400998A 1982-05-19 1983-05-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials Expired EP0094893B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400998T ATE18797T1 (de) 1982-05-19 1983-05-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur behandlung eines festen kleinstueckigen materials.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8208765A FR2527321A1 (fr) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Procede et installation de traitement d'une matiere solide reduite en morceaux
FR8208765 1982-05-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0094893A1 true EP0094893A1 (de) 1983-11-23
EP0094893B1 EP0094893B1 (de) 1986-03-26

Family

ID=9274195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400998A Expired EP0094893B1 (de) 1982-05-19 1983-05-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0094893B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE18797T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3362669D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2527321A1 (de)
OA (1) OA07434A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2916760A1 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-05 Isaac Behar Module, systeme et procede de traitement de biomasse a lit fixe horizontal
WO2008132354A3 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2009-04-09 Litelis Procede et installation pour la gazeification a puissance variable de matieres combustibles
EP3640572A3 (de) * 2018-10-17 2020-08-26 Rupert Kaindl Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trocknung von feuchtem holz und dergleichen mit verbesserter abgasqualität

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR549440A (fr) * 1922-03-28 1923-02-09 Perfectionnements apportés aux ringards mécaniques employés dans la distillation de la houille àbasse température ou autres usages dans lesquels un mouvement analogue de la matière est exigé
FR618551A (fr) * 1925-11-12 1927-03-11 Gazogène à chargement et extraction de cendres continu et récupération de sous produits
FR654415A (fr) * 1928-04-24 1929-04-05 Système de foyer
FR2426079A1 (fr) * 1978-05-17 1979-12-14 Charlier Etienne Procede et installation pour la production de gaz pauvre combustible
EP0011037A1 (de) * 1978-11-06 1980-05-14 Centre National Du Machinisme Agricole, Du Genie Rural, Des Eaux Et Des Forets (Cemagref) Vergasungsverfahren und Vergasungsvorrichtung
EP0045256A2 (de) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-03 Centre National Du Machinisme Agricole, Du Genie Rural, Des Eaux Et Des Forets (Cemagref) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von Pflanzenmaterialien

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR549440A (fr) * 1922-03-28 1923-02-09 Perfectionnements apportés aux ringards mécaniques employés dans la distillation de la houille àbasse température ou autres usages dans lesquels un mouvement analogue de la matière est exigé
FR618551A (fr) * 1925-11-12 1927-03-11 Gazogène à chargement et extraction de cendres continu et récupération de sous produits
FR654415A (fr) * 1928-04-24 1929-04-05 Système de foyer
FR2426079A1 (fr) * 1978-05-17 1979-12-14 Charlier Etienne Procede et installation pour la production de gaz pauvre combustible
EP0011037A1 (de) * 1978-11-06 1980-05-14 Centre National Du Machinisme Agricole, Du Genie Rural, Des Eaux Et Des Forets (Cemagref) Vergasungsverfahren und Vergasungsvorrichtung
EP0045256A2 (de) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-03 Centre National Du Machinisme Agricole, Du Genie Rural, Des Eaux Et Des Forets (Cemagref) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vergasen von Pflanzenmaterialien

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008132354A3 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2009-04-09 Litelis Procede et installation pour la gazeification a puissance variable de matieres combustibles
FR2916760A1 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-05 Isaac Behar Module, systeme et procede de traitement de biomasse a lit fixe horizontal
WO2008149026A2 (fr) 2007-06-01 2008-12-11 Isaac Behar Module, systeme et procede de traitement de biomasse a lit fixe horizontal
WO2008149026A3 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2009-07-09 Isaac Behar Module, systeme et procede de traitement de biomasse a lit fixe horizontal
EP3640572A3 (de) * 2018-10-17 2020-08-26 Rupert Kaindl Verfahren und vorrichtung zur trocknung von feuchtem holz und dergleichen mit verbesserter abgasqualität

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
OA07434A (fr) 1984-11-30
FR2527321B1 (de) 1985-05-17
EP0094893B1 (de) 1986-03-26
DE3362669D1 (en) 1986-04-30
ATE18797T1 (de) 1986-04-15
FR2527321A1 (fr) 1983-11-25

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