EP0094893B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0094893B1
EP0094893B1 EP83400998A EP83400998A EP0094893B1 EP 0094893 B1 EP0094893 B1 EP 0094893B1 EP 83400998 A EP83400998 A EP 83400998A EP 83400998 A EP83400998 A EP 83400998A EP 0094893 B1 EP0094893 B1 EP 0094893B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
height
treatment chamber
piston
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83400998A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0094893A1 (de
Inventor
Luc Ratouis
Gérard Dreyfuss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Creusot Loire SA
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Creusot Loire SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Creusot Loire SA filed Critical Creusot Loire SA
Priority to AT83400998T priority Critical patent/ATE18797T1/de
Publication of EP0094893A1 publication Critical patent/EP0094893A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0094893B1 publication Critical patent/EP0094893B1/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
    • C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
    • C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method and an installation for treating a solid material reduced to pieces and applies more particularly to the gasification of plant materials.
  • Gasification devices have been known for a long time in which the vegetable material reduced to pieces is traversed by a hot treatment gas.
  • a hot treatment gas are known in particular fixed bed gasifiers constituted by an enclosure with a vertical axis in which the material to be treated loaded from above circulates against the current of gases flowing from bottom to top, passing successively through drying, pyrolysis zones and gasification, the ash and the gases produced being recovered at the bottom.
  • hot gases are recovered at the top of the treatment chamber which are reinjected after combustion at the limit of the pyrolysis and gasification zones. Part of these gases rises back into the gasifier to ensure pyrolysis and drying, the other part descending downward to ensure gasification.
  • the bottom of the treatment chamber is provided with at least two filtering zones, each connected to a suction circuit, one for the gases having passed through the pyrolysis zone which are recycled to the burner and the other for gases produced in the gasification zone and which are recovered.
  • the material pushed by the piston tends to rise upwards, forming an embankment which locks against the upper wall of the treatment chamber. This results in braking of the material which compresses more and more under the action of the piston and makes the circulation of gases more difficult, which obliges to increase the power of the fans ensuring this circulation.
  • the hot gases when produced by a burner placed at the downstream end, tend to be sucked preferably into the gasification zone through the embankment made downstream the material layer, which decreases the yield.
  • the subject of the invention is an improved method and installation making it possible, without excessive complication, to ensure the transverse circulation of the hot gases over the entire length of the load under optimal conditions and thus to obtain a better gasification yield.
  • a maximum height (h1) of the layer of material is determined, leading to admissible conditions for the circulation of gases. hot, the material charge is given at its entry in the treatment chamber, a height (h2) less than the maximum height (h1) and the increase in height of the layer of material resulting from the pushing of the piston and the thermal reaction from entering the treatment chamber until the end of the pyrolysis reaction, so that the height (h) of the layer of material remains less than the maximum height (h1) over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone.
  • the central part of the load is pushed forward of the periphery so as to provide inside the load, each time the piston moves forwards and backwards, a decompression zone of dimensions sufficient to compensate for the increased load height.
  • the improved installation for implementing the method therefore comprises means for limiting the height of the layer of material as it enters the treatment chamber and over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone.
  • the latter comprises a partition forming a deflector extending transversely downward from the upper wall in the plane of the inlet orifice and on a height capable of compensating for the foreseeable swelling of the material in the pyrolysis zone.
  • the means for limiting the height of the layer of material in the pyrolysis zone consists of a grid spaced a certain distance from the bottom of the treatment chamber and extending from the lower level of the deflector over the entire width of the chamber and over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone.
  • the piston is extended in the direction of thrust by a rod forming a spur and extending, in the advancing position of the piston, practically over the entire pyrolysis zone.
  • This rod is preferably placed in the central part of the piston and extends overhanging above the bottom of the chamber.
  • the desired flow rate as well as the nature of the material and its particle size, it is possible to determine the maximum height of the layer leading to a loss permissible load for which the conditions of circulation of hot gases through the load lead to the pyrolysis of the latter under good conditions over the entire height of the layer.
  • the desired flow rate it is also possible to determine the height which should be given to the load on entering the chamber and which must be less than the maximum height calculated previously, the difference corresponding to the foreseeable increase in height of the layer of material resulting from the pushing of the piston and the thermal reaction.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 schematically represent an improved treatment installation according to the invention, in two positions of the thrust piston.
  • Figure 3 shows in more detail and on an enlarged scale a treatment installation provided with improvements according to the invention.
  • the installation shown schematically in Figures 1 and 2 and in more detail in Figure 3, comprises a treatment chamber 1 of elongated shape bounded by two side walls, an upper wall 10 and a bottom 13 and axis inclined by relative to the horizontal, for example 20 °; the lower end, constituting the downstream end, is closed by a wall 11 while the upper end, constituting the upstream end, opens by an inlet orifice 12 on a supply chamber 2 into which opens out a material inlet pipe 21.
  • the lower part of the treatment chamber 1 forms a flat bottom 13 which is formed, at least in part, by two grids 14 and 15 extending respectively on the upstream part and on the downstream part of the treatment chamber 1.
  • the bottom 13 ends, downstream of the grid 15, by a threshold 130 which forms the edge of a hopper 160 leading to a discharge orifice 16 and into which the materials from the downstream end of the chamber are discharged. treatment 1.
  • the treatment chamber 1 is equipped, at its downstream end, with a burner 18 opening into the chamber 1 through an orifice formed in the upper wall 10.
  • the material to be treated 4 being in the form of pieces of small dimensions, for example between 50 and 100 mm, is loaded by line 21 and opens into the supply chamber 2 at the base of which is placed a push piston 3.
  • the latter can slide along the flat bottom 22 of the supply chamber 2 and is actuated by a jack 31, the two elements of which are articulated on the wall 23 of the chamber and on the piston 3.
  • the latter can be consisting of a metal box of rectangular section provided downstream with a bevel extension 32 allowing it to receive the resulting counter-thrust necessary for its seat.
  • the material 4 forms, along the bottom 13 of the chamber 1 a layer 40 traversed by the hot gases sucked in by the grids 14 and 15 and which passes successively through drying zones S, pyrolysis P and gasification G.
  • the gases produced in the drying S and pyrolysis zones P, which correspond substantially to the grid 14, are sucked in by the fan 5 and returned by a recycling line 52 to the burner 18.
  • the gases produced in the gasification zone G corresponding substantially to the grid 15 are sucked in by the fan 6 and returned to a use circuit 60. They are preferably cooled upstream of the fan 6 by an air exchanger 62, the hot air thus produced serving to supply the burner 18.
  • the treatment chamber 1 will therefore be given a height H slightly greater than h1.
  • a deflector 7 is used consisting of a partition placed in front the inlet 12 of the chamber 1 and extending transversely thereto from the upper wall 10, over a height h3 which corresponds to the foreseeable swelling of the material under the action of the piston and of the pyrolysis reaction.
  • the piston 3 has a height substantially less than the height h2 of the inlet orifice 12.
  • the piston 3 moves between the rear wall 21 of the supply chamber 2 and the plane of the inlet orifice 12. Its height can be determined, taking into account the characteristics of the material, so that the area of the material pushed by the piston at the base of the supply chamber 2, and which has a substantially conical shape, has, in the plane of the inlet orifice 12, a height substantially equal to the height h2 thereof.
  • a grid 71 which extends at the level of the lower edge of the deflector on the entire width of the chamber 1 and, substantially, over the entire length of the pyrolysis zone P, while remaining spaced a certain distance above the bottom 13 of the chamber.
  • the grid 71 is slightly inclined upward relative to the bottom 13 so that the distance between the bottom and the grid gradually increases from upstream to downstream, this increase corresponding substantially to the foreseeable swelling of the charge during pyrolysis.
  • the height of the grid above the bottom 13, at its downstream end will therefore be substantially equal to the maximum height h1 determined previously.
  • the grid 71 makes it possible to control the increase in height of the charge during the entire pyrolysis zone where swelling of the charge may occur. From the end of the pyrolysis, in fact, the effect of the gasification reaction tends, on the contrary, to cause a reduction in the height of the charge which compensates for the tendency to swell resulting, at this time, only from the pushing of the piston. and then the natural slope release further decreases the height of the load. This is why the risk of blockage of the load against the upper wall 10 of the chamber is limited, in any event, to an area of length that is short enough not to oppose the passage of the hot gases produced by the burner. 18, as far as the empty space 43 formed between the grid 71 and the upper wall 10 of the oven. Thus, it is certain that the hot gases can circulate to the upstream end of the furnace and therefore pass through the load from top to bottom over its entire length.
  • the piston 3 When the piston 3 advances, it exerts a pressure on the load which is distributed more or less along two zones shown in phantom in Figure 2 and flares from the front face of the piston 3 and from the end of the spur 33.
  • the pushing effect is thus distributed over a certain length of the load and therefore determines a lower swelling of the slope due to the pushing and, at the same time, less compression of the material.
  • the grid 71 and the spur 33 serve to limit the height of the load, however have different effects.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to treat in a furnace thus improved, not only wood but also particularly swelling products such as, for example, cotton, rice husk or coffee parches compacted.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Verfahren zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials im Inneren einer Behandlungskammer (1) von langgestreckter Form, die mit einem flachen bzw. ebenen Boden (13) versehen ist, der sich zwischen einem stromaufwärts gelegenen Kommunikationsende mit einer Zufuhrkammer (2) und einem stromabwärts gelegenen Ende zum Austragen des behandelten Materials erstreckt und entlang dem das Material (4) mittels eines Kolbens (3) geschoben wird, der in Längsrichtung hin- und herbewegt wird und aus dem Material eine Schicht (40) bildet, die von oben nach unten von einem Strom heißer Gase durchströmt wird, die im oberen Abschnitt der Behandlungskammer (1) eingeleitet werden und von wenigsten einem durchlässigen Abschnitt (14) des Bodens (13) angesaugt werden, wobei das Material sukzessive von stromaufwärts nach stromabwärts in der Kammer (1) durch eine Pyrolysezone (P) und eine Behandlungszone (G) befördert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unter Berücksichtigung der Abmessungsmerkmale der Vorrichtung und der Beschaffenheit und der Korngrößenverteilung des Materials (4) eine maximale Höhe (h1) der Materialschicht (40) festgelegt wird, die zu annehmbaren Bedingungen der Zirkulation der heißen Gase führt, daß der Materialcharge (4) bei ihrem Eintreten in die Behandlungskammer (1) eine Höhe (h2) verliehen wird, die geringer als die maximale Höhe (h1) ist und daß das Ansteigen der Höhe der Materialschicht (40), das durch den Schub des Kolbens und die thermische Reaktion bewirkt wird, vom Eintreten in die Behandlungskammer (1) an bis zum Ende der Pyrolyse so beschränkt wird, daß die Höhe (h) der Schicht (40) über die gesamte Länge der Pyrolysezone (P) geringer als die maximale Höhe (h1) bleibt.
2. Verfahren zur Materialbehandlung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man den zentralen Abschnitt (41) der Charge vor der Peripherie (42) derart schiebt, daß im Inneren der Charge (4) bei jeder Vor- und Rückwärtsbewegung des Kolbens (3) eine Zone mit verminderter Kompression von ausreichenden Abmessungen geschaffen wird, um das Ansteigen der Höhe der Charge zu kompensieren.
3. Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen Materials für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, umfassend
eine Zufuhrkammer (2), die an das stromaufwärts gelegene Ende einer Behandlungskammer (1) von langgestreckter Form angebaut ist, mit der sie durch eine Einlaßöffnung (12) kommuniziert,
einen Schiebekolben (3) für das Material (4), der an der Basis der Zufuhrkammer (2) auf der Höhe des Bodens (13) der Behandlungskammer (1) angeordnet ist und zur Hin- und Herbewegung in Längsrichtung angetrieben wird,
einer Einrichtung zum Einbringen von heißen Gasen im oberen Abschnitt der Kammer (1)
einer Einrichtung zum Absaugen der heißen Gase durch wenigstens einen durchlässigen Abschnitt, der im Boden (13) der Kammer (1) ausgebildet ist, entlang dem das vom Kolben (3) geschobene Material sich bis zu einem stromabwärts gelegenen Austragende verschiebt, indem es eine Schicht 40 bildet, die von den angesaugten Gasen durchströmt wird und aufeinander folgend eine Pyrolysezone (P) und eine Behandlungszone (G) durchläuft,
und eine Einrichtung zur Beschränkung der Höhe (h) der Materialschicht (40) bei ihrem Eintreten in die Behandlungskammer,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zur Beschränkung der Höhe des Materials bei seinem Eintreten in die Behandlungskammer (1) eine, eine Ablenkung bildende Trennwand (7) aufweist, die sich in Querrichtung nach unten ausgehend vom oberen Abschnitt (10) der Behandlungskammer (1) in der Ebene der Einlaßöffnung (12) erstreckt und daß ein für die Gase durchlässiges Element sich über die gesamte Länge der Pyrolysezone und in einem Abstand vom Boden der Behandlungskammer erstreckt, der geringer ist als die Höhe (h1).
4. Vorrichtung zur Behandlung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das für die Gase durchlässige Element aus einem Rost (71) besteht, der in einem bestimmten Abstand vom Boden (13) der Behandlungskammer (1) entfernt ist und sich, ausgehend vom unteren Niveau des Ablenkers (7) über die gesamte Breite der Kammer (1) und über die gesamte Länge der Pyrolysezone (P) erstreckt.
5. Vorrichtung zur Behandlung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kolben (3) in der Richtung des Schubes durch einen Schaft (33) verlängert ist, der ein Widerlager bildet und sich in Vorwärtsbewegung des Kolbens (3) annähernd über die gesamte Pyrolysezone (P) erstreckt.
6. Vorrichtung zur Behandlung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Widerlager (33) im Mittelabschnitt des Kolbens (3) angeordnet ist und sich als freitragender Teil oberhalb des Bodens (13) der Kammer (1) parallel zu diesem erstreckt.
7. Vorrichtung zur Behandlung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rost (71) in bezug auf den Boden (13) der Kammer (1) leicht nach oben derart geneigt ist, daß der Abstand zwischen dem Rost (71) und dem Boden (13) fortschreitend von stromaufwärts nach stromabwärts ansteigt, wobei die Veränderung des Abstandes annähernd dem voraussichtlichen Aufblähen der Charge während der Pyrolyse entspricht.
EP83400998A 1982-05-19 1983-05-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials Expired EP0094893B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400998T ATE18797T1 (de) 1982-05-19 1983-05-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur behandlung eines festen kleinstueckigen materials.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8208765A FR2527321A1 (fr) 1982-05-19 1982-05-19 Procede et installation de traitement d'une matiere solide reduite en morceaux
FR8208765 1982-05-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0094893A1 EP0094893A1 (de) 1983-11-23
EP0094893B1 true EP0094893B1 (de) 1986-03-26

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ID=9274195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83400998A Expired EP0094893B1 (de) 1982-05-19 1983-05-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung eines festen kleinstückigen Materials

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EP (1) EP0094893B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE18797T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3362669D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2527321A1 (de)
OA (1) OA07434A (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2914314B1 (fr) * 2007-03-26 2011-04-08 Litelis Procede et installation pour la gazeification a puissance variable de matieres combustibles.
FR2916760B1 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2010-12-24 Isaac Behar Module, systeme et procede de traitement de biomasse a lit fixe horizontal
DE102018125711A1 (de) * 2018-10-17 2020-04-23 Rupert Kaindl Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betrieb einer Trocknungsanlage für feuchtes Holz und dergleichen mit verbesserter Abgasqualität

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR549440A (fr) * 1922-03-28 1923-02-09 Perfectionnements apportés aux ringards mécaniques employés dans la distillation de la houille àbasse température ou autres usages dans lesquels un mouvement analogue de la matière est exigé
FR618551A (fr) * 1925-11-12 1927-03-11 Gazogène à chargement et extraction de cendres continu et récupération de sous produits
FR654415A (fr) * 1928-04-24 1929-04-05 Système de foyer
FR2426079A1 (fr) * 1978-05-17 1979-12-14 Charlier Etienne Procede et installation pour la production de gaz pauvre combustible
FR2440398A1 (fr) * 1978-11-06 1980-05-30 Nal Etud Exper Machinisme Cent Gazogene a lit fixe
FR2487847A1 (fr) * 1980-07-30 1982-02-05 Cneema Procede et installation de gazeification de matieres d'origine vegetale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
OA07434A (fr) 1984-11-30
FR2527321B1 (de) 1985-05-17
FR2527321A1 (fr) 1983-11-25
DE3362669D1 (en) 1986-04-30
EP0094893A1 (de) 1983-11-23
ATE18797T1 (de) 1986-04-15

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