EP0098801B1 - Ligne avec filtre passe-bas réparti - Google Patents

Ligne avec filtre passe-bas réparti Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0098801B1
EP0098801B1 EP83810289A EP83810289A EP0098801B1 EP 0098801 B1 EP0098801 B1 EP 0098801B1 EP 83810289 A EP83810289 A EP 83810289A EP 83810289 A EP83810289 A EP 83810289A EP 0098801 B1 EP0098801 B1 EP 0098801B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
section
sections
losses
wave impedance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83810289A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0098801A3 (en
EP0098801A2 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Joseph Max
Arvind Shah
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Feller AG
Original Assignee
Feller AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Feller AG filed Critical Feller AG
Priority to AT83810289T priority Critical patent/ATE24983T1/de
Publication of EP0098801A2 publication Critical patent/EP0098801A2/fr
Publication of EP0098801A3 publication Critical patent/EP0098801A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0098801B1 publication Critical patent/EP0098801B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/202—Coaxial filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/02—Cables with twisted pairs or quads
    • H01B11/12—Arrangements for exhibiting specific transmission characteristics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1895—Particular features or applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical line with at least one distributed low-pass filter for suppressing high-frequency interference signals on the line.
  • DE-A-29 39 616 describes a lossy electrical cable in which at least one conductive element in connection with an absorbent mixture at least partially surrounding the conductor has a composite structure, namely a core formed by a thread or a fiber and a conductive coating, such that the element has a high resistance with good mechanical properties.
  • the known distributed low-pass or interference protection filters have the disadvantages that they must be subject to high magnetic losses, dielectric losses or line losses in the insulating material, since such losses alone have their low-pass effect, and that they have a complicated structure, which is not only theirs Manufacturing, but also their universal applicability difficult.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical line of the type mentioned at the beginning, the distributed low-pass filter of which has a low cut-off frequency and, for signal frequencies up to the highest frequency range, high attenuation without noticeable resonance phenomena, and with a simple structure, neither on the use of materials with high loss factors is still dependent on great lengths.
  • a line with a line section, or, to increase the interference filter effect, with several successive line sections of different impedance and higher dielectric losses or skin effect losses can be produced in a relatively simple manner and practically any length, so that the present line as an interference filter, which allows low-frequency or direct-current electrical current to pass through without noticeable damping, but has high damping for high-frequency currents and can be used universally.
  • the line 1 shows schematically a coaxial line 1, which in a manner known per se has a conductor 2, an outer shield 3 and an insulating material or dielectric 4, not shown, located between the conductor 2 and the outer shield 3.
  • the line 1 has a first and a third line section 5 and 6, both of which have as characteristic data an impedance Z o and a loss factor tg ⁇ 0 , which in the present example is zero (loss-free line section).
  • the impedance Z 1 In between a line section 7 is provided, the impedance Z 1 and is very different from Z o , which has a relative dielectric constant ⁇ r and a loss factor tg 8 1 , and the length of which is List.
  • a signal 8 which is shown in FIG. 1 for example as a unit voltage jump signal and which propagates in line section 5 of impedance Z o , reaches point A of line 1, namely the beginning of line section 7, at which whose impedance suddenly takes the value Z 1, part of the signal is reflected, while the other part propagates in the line section 7.
  • point B of line 1 namely the end of line section 7, at which the impedance suddenly returns to the value z o
  • the reflected part of the signal which preferably makes up almost all of the remaining signal, is sent back to point A, where again a nearly total reflection occurs.
  • a multiple reflection of the signal components thus takes place in the line section 7, which has a different impedance than the adjacent line sections 5 and 6, as is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
  • This low-pass effect is based on the fact that not only does a small part of the binary jump signal 8 entering the line section 7 of different impedance have to go back and forth several times over this line section before it can build up a noticeable voltage at the output of the line section 7, but that the effect of the dielectric losses in this line section can also be increased, because the “equivalent length” of the line section is multiplied by a factor which is essentially inversely proportional to the very small deviation of the reflection factor ⁇ from 1.
  • This equivalent length is defined as the mean path length that a pulse-shaped wave must travel through on the same line section when it goes back and forth several times until half of it comes out of the line section in question.
  • FIG. 4 shows the calculated and experimentally confirmed course of the filter attenuation for a line according to FIG. 1, the Attenuation A in dB and the frequency f with respect to the cut-off frequency f 3dB are plotted for 3 dB attenuation on a logarithmic scale.
  • the delay T d L / v, the product of the length L of the line section 7 and the inverse reproductive speed 1 / v in this section.
  • the reflections caused by the different impedance in the conductor section 7 determine the filter steepness and, as will be explained below, the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter, while the dielectric losses of the line section 7 increase the frequency with an extinction or at least a strong attenuation of the resonances caused by the reflections and then a stronger weakening in the direction of higher frequencies is effected.
  • the reflection factor ⁇ depends on the one hand on a change in the dielectric constant ⁇ r and on the other hand on a change in the geometry of the line at the ends of the line section 7. Since the dielectric constant can only be changed to a relatively small extent due to the material, it is advantageous to bring about a considerable increase in the ratio of the frequency f rn of the first resonance to the cut-off frequency f 3dB in that, in addition to the length L of the line section, the two other dimensions, ie the Cross dimensions are changed, for example the diameter of a cable-shaped line.
  • the line geometry along the line 1 can also be changed, for example by changing the diameter of the insulating material 4.
  • the loss factor tg5 1 of the line section 7 should be sufficiently high considering the damping of the resonances. However, special measures in the choice of materials, such as magnetic materials, are by no means necessary.
  • the entire line 1, ie also in line sections 5 and 6, can have the same loss angle tgö.
  • Suitable insulating materials for the lossy line section 7 with different impedance Z 1 are, for example, polyethylene with tg 8 between 0.02 and 0.2 or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with tg 8 between 0.1 and 0.2 in the frequency range from 0.5 to Called 200 MHz.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the line 1 shown only schematically in FIG. 1 can have different embodiments, three examples of which are shown in FIGS. In the cut views, only one of the line sections 5, 6 and 7 of FIG. 1 is shown.
  • FIG. 5 shows a two-wire line with two conductors 15, each of which is surrounded by an insulating material 16 of a certain diameter and certain dielectric properties.
  • a separate metallic shield 17 envelops each insulating material 16.
  • a plastic protective jacket 18 is provided.
  • 6 shows a similar arrangement with three conductors 15, but in which a shield 19 for the three insulating materials 16 of all three conductors 15 is common.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 5 is also suitable for applications as an anti-parasitic signal or data line, while the embodiment according to FIG. 6 is also particularly suitable for use as an anti-parasitic mains cable for building and house installations.
  • the present line can also have the embodiment of a current or distribution rail for the supply inside or outside electrical and electronic devices, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • Two busbars 20, which are provided with connecting lugs 21, are embedded in an insulating material 22 of certain dimensions and certain dielectric properties.
  • the insulating material 22 is enclosed by a shielding metal housing 23 which is open on the underside and which is provided with a larger number of connecting lugs 24 and is surrounded by a plastic protective jacket 25.
  • FIG. 8 Such a development is shown schematically on a coaxial cable in FIG. 8, with the shielding and the protective jacket for clarity are omitted.
  • This cable has a central conductor 26 and a plurality of line sections 27, 28, 29, 30 etc. consisting of insulating material, the corresponding impedances Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 etc. and corresponding lengths Lt, L 2 , L 3 , L 4 etc. have. It can also be seen that the line sections 27, 28, 29, 30 have different diameters.
  • the dielectric constants of the insulating materials of these line sections and their loss angles are also different in the general case. In practice, however, it will often be expedient to design every second section in the same way with regard to its diameter and with regard to the dielectric constant and the loss angle of its insulating material.
  • the lengths L 1 to L 4 can, however, differ from one another in order to avoid any cumbersome accumulation of minor disturbing effects of the reflections. Practically, the lengths L 1 to L4 as well as the length L according to
  • Fig. 1 have values between about 1 cm and 500 cm, so that in the case of small lengths, the present line also takes the form of a discrete interference filter component for electrical and electronic devices, e.g. for mounting on a circuit board.
  • the distributed low-pass filter is effective, i.e. at any frequency, has uniformly distributed impedances and loss elements along the line sections, but no discrete elements. If one looks at the behavior of any electrical components in relation to very fast pulses or high frequencies, one sees that in the sense of the location "discrete" circuit elements such as inductors and capacitors no longer exist, but that there are only elements that are distributed in a regular or irregular manner Has.
  • the damping curve of this arrangement for the higher frequencies to be damped must be viewed from the point of view that the inductors are distributed elements whose impedance is a function of the coordinate between a starting point and the end of the inductance.
  • the above-mentioned arrangement is a line having a first line section with an equivalent impedance Z ä q, a second conduit section having a characteristic impedance Z and a third line section with an equivalent impedance Z eq.
  • a line with discontinuously changing wave impedances the frequency-dependent attenuation of which can be calculated by reflections at the points of changing wave impedance, as in the previous exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of the electrical line according to the invention, in which one line section has a discrete inductance 31, a second line section is formed by a coaxial cable 32 and a third line section has a further discrete inductance 33, the second line section having a wave impedance Z and the adjacent line sections have equivalent wave impedances Z ä q and Z ' ä q different from Z.
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b show a similar design of a line, but in which the corresponding third line section has a capacitor 34.
  • this configuration corresponds to the line shown in FIG. 10b, the line sections of which have the equivalent wave impedance Z a q (L), the wave impedance Z and the equivalent wave impedance Lgq (C).
  • the capacitor 34 plays the same role as an open stub.
  • the entire line can consist of several, alternately successive line sections of the type described.
  • the known skin effect which is effective at higher frequencies, can be used to generate losses in a simple manner, which strongly dampen the resonances occurring as a result of the signal reflections and also effect the desired filter attenuation of the present line for the maximum frequency range (FIG. 4).
  • the measure for generating frequency-dependent losses due to the skin effect is that the conductor of the line has an inner conductor part (or a core) with high electrical conductivity in order to transmit the relatively low frequencies up to a few thousand hertz including the direct current without loss.
  • the inner conductor part has a coating or a surface layer which has a lower electrical conductivity or is even semiconducting, in which the currents of higher frequency flow due to the skin effect. Since this coating is a poor conductor, the current-conducting layer or skin becomes even thinner at higher and very high frequencies than in the case of a conductor made entirely of a highly conductive material, so that the current conduction is further deteriorated, i.e. the losses that occur as a result of the skin effect are substantially greater.
  • Dielectric losses increase in proportion to the frequency, but losses due to the skin effect only increase with the square root of the frequency.
  • the aforementioned coating can have a significantly lower electrical conductivity than, for example, copper, the skin effect losses which can be achieved are sufficient to obtain the desired filter damping.
  • the surface layer can also consist of a semiconducting material, preferably of copper (I) oxide Cu 2 0.
  • a layer 37 of an insulating material adjoins the surface layer 36, which in turn is encased by an outer conductor provided as a shield with high electrical conductivity, for example also made of copper.
  • This simple design of the line maintains the properties of the central conductor, which conducts the signals of relatively low frequencies, while at the same time strongly attenuating the signals of higher and highest frequencies.
  • the inner conductor part 35 can also be provided with a plurality of outer, thin layers of a poorly conducting material lying on top of one another, the specific resistance of the layers increasing towards the outside. This ensures that the current penetrates into the poorly conducting outer conductor part at high frequencies.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Filters And Equalizers (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Ligne électrique avec au moins un filtre passe-bas réparti pour la réjection de signaux parasites haute fréquence, ladite ligne étant caractérisé en ce que l'impédance caractéristique de la ligne présente sur un tronçon (L) au moins une valeur (Z,) différente de l'impédance caractéristique (Zo) des tronçons voisins ou de l'impédance caractéristique équivalente d'un élément discret voisin, afin de produire des réflexions des signaux parasites sur les deux extrémités (A, B) du tronçon considéré, où l'impédance caractéristique varie; et ledit tronçon présente d'importantes pertes diélectriques et/ou pertes par effet pelliculaire, afin d'amortir les résonances produites par les réflexions et les fréquences élevées.
2. Ligne selon revendication 1, caractérisée par au moins trois tronçons (5, 7, 6) successifs d'impédance caractéristique différente (Zo, Z1, Zo) et dont un au moins (7) présentant d'importantes pertes diélectriques et/ou pertes par effet pelliculaire.
3. Ligne selon revendication 1, caractérisée par plusieurs paires successives de tronçons à impédance caractéristique différente, de sorte qu'un tronçon d'une impédance caracteristique et un tronçon d'impédance caractéristique différente se succèdent toujours le long de la ligne, un tronçon au moins de chaque paire présentant d'importantes pertes diélectriques et/ou pertes par effet pelliculaire.
4. Ligne selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par le couplage d'une de ses extrémités au moins avec un élément discret (31, 33) au moins.
5. Ligne selon une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée par au moins un conducteur, un matériau isolant entourant ce dernier et un blindage entourant partiellement au moins le matériau isolant.
6. Ligne selon revendication 5, caractérisée par sa réalisation sous forme d'un câble à un ou plusieurs conducteurs.
7. Ligne selon revendication 5, caractérisée par sa réalisation sous forme de barres collectrices ou de répartition (figure 7).
8. Ligne selon revendication 5, caractérisée par sa réalisation sous forme de microfiltres en couches épaisses ou minces.
9. Ligne selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, caractérisée en ce que le matériau isolant d'un des tronçons au moins présente une permittivité différente de celle du matériau isolant des tronçons voisins.
10. Ligne selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'un tronçon au moins présente des dimensions géométriques différentes de celles des tronçons voisins, par exemple une longueur différente et/ou un diamètre différent de son matériau isolant.
11. Ligne selon une quelconque des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisée en ce que le conducteur est constitué par une partie intérieure portant au moins une couche extérieure, dont la résistivité est supérieure, et par exemple pJus que dix fois supérieure à celle de la partie intérieure.
12. Ligne selon revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la partie intérieure du conducteur porte plusieurs couches extérieures successives, ayant toutes une résistivité supérieure à celle de la partie intérieure et dont la couche intérieure présente la résistivité minimale et la couche extérieure, située à la surface du conducteur, la résistivité maximale.
EP83810289A 1982-07-01 1983-06-29 Ligne avec filtre passe-bas réparti Expired EP0098801B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83810289T ATE24983T1 (de) 1982-07-01 1983-06-29 Leitung mit verteiltem tiefpassfilter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4021/82A CH656738A5 (de) 1982-07-01 1982-07-01 Leitung mit verteiltem tiefpassfilter.
CH4021/82 1982-07-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0098801A2 EP0098801A2 (fr) 1984-01-18
EP0098801A3 EP0098801A3 (en) 1984-07-18
EP0098801B1 true EP0098801B1 (fr) 1987-01-14

Family

ID=4268337

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP83810289A Expired EP0098801B1 (fr) 1982-07-01 1983-06-29 Ligne avec filtre passe-bas réparti

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4683450A (fr)
EP (1) EP0098801B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE24983T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH656738A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3369228D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3932846A1 (de) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-11 Holger Dipl Ing Altmaier Stoerschutzfilter

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KR20030019349A (ko) * 2000-04-14 2003-03-06 커런트 테크놀로지스, 엘엘씨 중간 전압 전력 분배선을 사용한 디지털 통신
US6621373B1 (en) * 2000-05-26 2003-09-16 Rambus Inc. Apparatus and method for utilizing a lossy dielectric substrate in a high speed digital system
US6980089B1 (en) * 2000-08-09 2005-12-27 Current Technologies, Llc Non-intrusive coupling to shielded power cable
EP1371219A4 (fr) 2001-02-14 2006-06-21 Current Tech Llc Communication de donnees par ligne electrique
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JP3756129B2 (ja) * 2002-06-11 2006-03-15 Ｎｅｃトーキン株式会社 伝送線路型ノイズフィルタ
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US7076378B1 (en) 2002-11-13 2006-07-11 Current Technologies, Llc Device and method for providing power line characteristics and diagnostics
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US6980090B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2005-12-27 Current Technologies, Llc Device and method for coupling with electrical distribution network infrastructure to provide communications
US7075414B2 (en) 2003-05-13 2006-07-11 Current Technologies, Llc Device and method for communicating data signals through multiple power line conductors
US7064654B2 (en) 2002-12-10 2006-06-20 Current Technologies, Llc Power line communication system and method of operating the same
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US7460467B1 (en) 2003-07-23 2008-12-02 Current Technologies, Llc Voice-over-IP network test device and method
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JP2006279462A (ja) * 2005-03-29 2006-10-12 Hitachi Metals Ltd 電気的雑音フィルタ及び電気的雑音除去方法
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3932846A1 (de) * 1989-10-02 1991-04-11 Holger Dipl Ing Altmaier Stoerschutzfilter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0098801A3 (en) 1984-07-18
ATE24983T1 (de) 1987-01-15
DE3369228D1 (en) 1987-02-19
EP0098801A2 (fr) 1984-01-18
US4683450A (en) 1987-07-28
CH656738A5 (de) 1986-07-15

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