EP0132647A2 - Revêtement de cuve d'électrolyse pour la production de l'aluminium - Google Patents

Revêtement de cuve d'électrolyse pour la production de l'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0132647A2
EP0132647A2 EP84107810A EP84107810A EP0132647A2 EP 0132647 A2 EP0132647 A2 EP 0132647A2 EP 84107810 A EP84107810 A EP 84107810A EP 84107810 A EP84107810 A EP 84107810A EP 0132647 A2 EP0132647 A2 EP 0132647A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lining
tub
graphite blocks
graphite
blocks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84107810A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0132647A3 (en
EP0132647B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Dr. Etzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sigri GmbH
Original Assignee
Sigri GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sigri GmbH filed Critical Sigri GmbH
Publication of EP0132647A2 publication Critical patent/EP0132647A2/fr
Publication of EP0132647A3 publication Critical patent/EP0132647A3/de
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Publication of EP0132647B1 publication Critical patent/EP0132647B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • C25C3/085—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes characterised by its non electrically conducting heat insulating parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a trough for the molten-flux electrolytic production of aluminum, which consists of a steel trough lined with graphite blocks, a heat-insulating layer between the trough and the chute and cathodic power supply lines let into the chute.
  • Metallic materials have only limited resistance to the ELECTROLYTE and the ELECTROLYSE products under the ELECTROLYT temperature of 940 to 980 ° C and therefore have to be protected against the attack of ELECTROLYT and ELECTROLYSE products.
  • the cathodic part of the ELECTROLYSISZLLe therefore usually consists of a trough or a trough made of steel, which is lined with a temperature and corrosion-resistant material.
  • the cleavage at the same time connects the cathode made of molten aluminum with the cathodic power supply lines, so that the material also has good electrical properties must be the leader. Therefore, almost exclusively carbon and graphite blocks are used for the lining of the tub, which are connected to each other by carbon-containing tamping and cementing compounds and are impermeable to molten MetaLL and ELektroLyt. Form a layer.
  • the functionality of the lining is essentially determined by its chemical and thermal resistance and its electrical resistance.
  • Joulesche heat is developed in the cladding, some of which is necessary for setting the electrolysis temperature. Because of the temperature difference between the ELektroLyt and the tub, greater energy losses due to heat conduction can only be avoided if the thermal resistance of the lining is very high.
  • a heat-insulating layer made of ceramic insulating materials is usually arranged between the cladding made of carbon or graphite blocks and the tub.
  • cladding and heat-insulating layer are a functional unit, it has not been recognized until now that cladding and heat-insulating layer only form an advantageous unit for electrolysis operation if the properties of the material and the geometric design are coordinated. For this reason, the replacement of carbon blocks with graphite blocks without a simultaneous change in the thermal insulation has no greater effect, although graphite has a comparatively smaller electrical resistance and is more resistant to carbon dioxide than carbon dioxide.
  • the cathodic current density is improved by a cladding which contains carbon blocks and graphite blocks.
  • carbon-bonded graphite blocks are also used, without the geometry and type of heat insulation being adapted to the changed material properties.
  • blocks consisting essentially of PetroLkoks and heated to a high temperature, preferably at least 2000 ° C. have a particularly favorable resistance to the ELECTROLYTE (DE-OS 21 12 287).
  • the properties of these blocks are approximately: bulk density - 1.57 g / cm 3 , porosity - 27%, spec. electrical resistance - 14 u ⁇ m.
  • the heat-insulating layer usually consists of refractory stones or powders in a thickness between 50 and 250 mm (US Pat. No. 3,434,957) and it is also known to assemble the heat-insulating layer from several individual layers (US Pat. No. 3,723,286). Finally, it is known to change the temperature gradients between the bottom and the side part of the lining by means of special insulating elements between these parts (US Pat. No. 4,118,304). These measures are not tailored to the material quality of the lining and their effects are limited accordingly.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of extending the life of ELectroLysis cells for the production of aluminum and reducing the energy requirement by coordinating the heat-insulating layer and a lining made of graphite stones.
  • the accessible porosity of the graphite blocks is at most 18% and according to another embodiment the thermal conductivity is 100 to 120 W / m ⁇ K and the spec. electrical resistance 6 to 10 u ⁇ m.
  • graphite blocks which have been impregnated with a carbonizable impregnating agent and which have been heated to about 700 to 1000 ° C. for pyrolysis of the impregnating agent.
  • Hard coal tar and petro pitches are particularly suitable as impregnating agents.
  • the insulating layer is advantageously made of chamotte, the compressive strength of which is more than 10 MPa.
  • graphite is understood to mean carbon bodies which have been subjected to a graphitization treatment and have been heated to a temperature above about 2500.degree.
  • the result of this treatment depends essentially on the starting products, for example the type of coke used, and the production parameters, for example the molding process, so that they are referred to as graphite Products only to a small extent meet the requirements in a cell for the melt flow electrolytic production of aluminum. It was found that the part of the graphite material group that can be used for this purpose can be separated out with the help of its material properties.
  • the mixture is shaped into blocks and the blocks in a first stage for carbonizing the binder to about 1000 ° C. and in a second stage heated to 2600 to 3000 ° C.
  • the thermal conductivity of the blocks is 80 to 120 W / m ⁇ K and the specific electrical resistance is 6 to 13 u ⁇ m.
  • the comparatively low resistance results in a significant reduction in the voltage drop in the lining, in which less Joule heat is generated accordingly. Due to the high thermal conductivity of the graphite blocks, larger temperature differences in the lining, which may impair the service life of the cells, are excluded, and in conjunction with the thermal insulation layer, a greater outflow of energy from the molten ELECTROLYTE is avoided.
  • the effect is particularly favorable for linings that have graphite blocks with a thermal conductivity of 100 to 120 W / m ⁇ K and a spec. electrical resistance from 6 to 10 / u ⁇ m included.
  • the accessible pore volume of the graphite blocks accessible to the melt must also be reduced.
  • the accessible pore volume should be at most 22% and, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at most 18%. It is known to impregnate certain carbon and graphite blocks for lining the tubs of ELECTROLYSE cells with FurfuroL or FurfuryLaLkohoL and to coke the impregnating agent in situ (US Pat. No. 3,616,045).
  • the accessible pore volume is reduced by this method, but the size of the accessible pore volume of these blocks is not known.
  • a method is particularly suitable in which the porous graphite body is impregnated with coal tar pitch or PetroL pitch and heated to about 700 to 1000 ° C. for coking the pitch.
  • the graphite body contains a pitch coke in the pores, through which the permeability of the body is reduced and the mechanical load capacity is improved.
  • the graphite blocks forming the lining of the trough are expediently glued to one another without joints, the term “seamless” meaning joints with a width of at most 1 mm.
  • the plastic materials described in EP 00 27 534 are particularly suitable as joint cement.
  • the usual joints with a width of 20 mm and more are weakest areas of cladding, which are easily destroyed by thermal stress or diffusing melt.
  • the steel trough is designated 1.
  • the heat-insulating layer consists of the sub-layers 2 and 3, the thermal conductivity of which is 0.1 to 0.2 M / m ⁇ K and 0.8 to 1.2 W / m ⁇ K.
  • the ratio of the thermal resistance of the layers is about 0.05.
  • Current bars or rails 5 are embedded in the graphite blocks 4 resting on the layer 3.
  • the thermal conductivity of the graphite blocks is 80 to 120 W / m ⁇ K, the specific electrical resistance is 6 to 13 u ⁇ m and the accessible pore volume is at most 22%.
  • the thickness ratio of the graphite layer 4 to the sum of the layers 2 and 3 is 1.4 to 1.6.
  • the graphite blocks 4 completely line the tub floor, the tub side surfaces are shielded by the BLock 6, which consists of graphite or carbon.
  • the actual cathode is the aluminum layer 7.
  • the anodes 9 with the anodic power supply 10 are immersed in the molten ELECTROLYTE 8 and are protected against the attack of atmospheric oxygen by the crust 11, which mainly consists of alumina.
  • the voltage drop measured when commissioning a cell for the extraction of aluminum is essentially a function of the cladding.
  • the voltage drop of a cladding made of carbon blocks is approximately 400 mV
  • a cladding made of carbon-bonded graphite blocks is approximately 300 mV
  • an inventive cladding made of graphite blocks is only approximately 200 mV.
  • the temperature of the tub for these linings and a heat-insulating layer, formed from two partial layers A and B with the thermal conductivity 1.0 and 0.1 W / m ⁇ K, is approximately 150 to 50 ° C (Table I).
  • the low energy losses of the lining according to the invention can, of course, only be realized if the parameters measured when the ELECTROLYZEZELLe are put into operation do not change or change only slightly during the operation of the ZELLe.
  • 2 shows the increase in the voltage drop as a function of the operating time; A is a lining made of carbon blocks, B a lining made of carbon-bound graphite and C one made of graphite blocks.
  • the increase in the voltage drop with the operating time is essentially caused by the increasing decomposition and destruction of the lining.
  • the original advantage of cladding according to the invention not only remains when the electrolysis cell is operated, but also increases with the progress of the operating time.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
EP84107810A 1983-07-28 1984-07-05 Revêtement de cuve d'électrolyse pour la production de l'aluminium Expired EP0132647B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3327230 1983-07-28
DE19833327230 DE3327230A1 (de) 1983-07-28 1983-07-28 Auskleidung fuer elektrolysewanne zur herstellung von aluminium

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0132647A2 true EP0132647A2 (fr) 1985-02-13
EP0132647A3 EP0132647A3 (en) 1985-03-13
EP0132647B1 EP0132647B1 (fr) 1987-03-04

Family

ID=6205144

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84107810A Expired EP0132647B1 (fr) 1983-07-28 1984-07-05 Revêtement de cuve d'électrolyse pour la production de l'aluminium

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4589967A (fr)
EP (1) EP0132647B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6052589A (fr)
AU (1) AU565836B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1248495A (fr)
DE (1) DE3327230A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO161008C (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1159469A1 (fr) 1999-02-02 2001-12-05 Carbone Savoie Cathode graphite impregnee pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium
US6627062B1 (en) 1999-02-02 2003-09-30 Carbone Savoie Graphite cathode for the electrolysis of aluminium
FR2900665A1 (fr) * 2006-05-03 2007-11-09 Carbone Savoie Soc Par Actions Cuve d'electrolyse d'obtention d'aluminium
KR101217901B1 (ko) * 2003-08-05 2013-01-02 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 허가, 확인 응답, 및 레이트 제어 액티브 세트

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8522138D0 (en) * 1985-09-06 1985-10-09 Alcan Int Ltd Linings for aluminium reduction cells
NO157462C (no) * 1985-10-24 1988-03-23 Hydro Aluminium As Laminert karbonkatode for celler til smelte-elektrolytisk fremstilling av aluminium.
DE4201490A1 (de) * 1992-01-21 1993-07-22 Otto Feuerfest Gmbh Feuerfestes material fuer elektrolyseoefen, verfahren zur herstellung und verwendung des feuerfesten materials
RU2149924C1 (ru) * 1998-01-06 2000-05-27 АО "БрАЗ" Катодное устройство электролизера для получения алюминия
EP1629860B2 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2020-07-15 Coloplast A/S Système de soupape pour un ensemble cathéter
RU2191223C1 (ru) * 2001-08-06 2002-10-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Надвоицкий алюминиевый завод" Футеровка катодного кожуха алюминиевого электролизера
US20090236233A1 (en) * 2008-03-24 2009-09-24 Alcoa Inc. Aluminum electrolysis cell electrolyte containment systems and apparatus and methods relating to the same
UA111247C2 (uk) * 2011-11-11 2016-04-11 Сгл Карбон Се Спосіб вимірювання профілів поверхонь в працюючих алюмінієвих електролізерах
JP6457397B2 (ja) * 2012-12-13 2019-01-23 エスジーエル・シーエフエル・シーイー・ゲーエムベーハーＳＧＬ ＣＦＬ ＣＥ ＧｍｂＨ アルミニウムを還元するための電解槽の壁用側壁レンガ

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1146259B (de) * 1960-10-28 1963-03-28 Aluminium Ind Ag Verfahren zum Auskleiden der Waende der Kathodenwanne einer Aluminium-elektrolysezelle und nach diesem Verfahren hergestellte Kathodenwanne
US3434957A (en) * 1966-02-18 1969-03-25 Arthur F Johnson Aluminum reduction cell with aluminum and refractory layered bottom construction
US3616045A (en) * 1969-02-17 1971-10-26 Tatabanyai Aluminiumkoho Process for increasing the strength and electrical conductivity of graphite or carbon articles and/or for bonding such articles to each other to ceramic articles or to metals
US4046650A (en) * 1970-03-16 1977-09-06 Sumitomo Aluminum Smelting Co., Ltd. Carbon block for cathodes of aluminum
JPS4941006B1 (fr) * 1970-03-16 1974-11-06
DE2105247C3 (de) * 1971-02-04 1980-06-12 Schweizerische Aluminium Ag, Zuerich (Schweiz) Ofen für die Schmelzflußelektrolyse von Aluminium
US3723286A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-03-27 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Aluminum reduction cell
JPS5332811A (en) * 1976-09-07 1978-03-28 Mitsubishi Keikinzoku Kogyo Reduction of heat radiation in the aluminium electrolytic cell
DE2942469C2 (de) * 1979-10-20 1983-09-15 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh, 8901 Meitingen Kohlenstoffhaltige Kontaktmasse
CH653711A5 (de) * 1981-04-22 1986-01-15 Alusuisse Elektrolysewanne.
GB2103657A (en) * 1981-07-18 1983-02-23 British Aluminium Co Ltd Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminium
US4411758A (en) * 1981-09-02 1983-10-25 Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Corporation Electrolytic reduction cell

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1159469A1 (fr) 1999-02-02 2001-12-05 Carbone Savoie Cathode graphite impregnee pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium
US6627062B1 (en) 1999-02-02 2003-09-30 Carbone Savoie Graphite cathode for the electrolysis of aluminium
US6723212B1 (en) 1999-02-02 2004-04-20 Carbone Savoie Impregnated graphite cathode for the electrolysis of aluminium
EP1159469B1 (fr) * 1999-02-02 2004-04-21 Carbone Savoie Cathode graphite impregnee pour l'electrolyse de l'aluminium
KR101217901B1 (ko) * 2003-08-05 2013-01-02 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 허가, 확인 응답, 및 레이트 제어 액티브 세트
FR2900665A1 (fr) * 2006-05-03 2007-11-09 Carbone Savoie Soc Par Actions Cuve d'electrolyse d'obtention d'aluminium
WO2007125195A3 (fr) * 2006-05-03 2008-07-24 Carbone Savoie Cuve d'électrolyse d'obtention d'aluminium
US8440059B2 (en) 2006-05-03 2013-05-14 Carbone Savoie Electrolytic cell for obtaining aluminium

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0132647A3 (en) 1985-03-13
NO842315L (no) 1985-01-29
CA1248495A (fr) 1989-01-10
EP0132647B1 (fr) 1987-03-04
NO161008C (no) 1989-06-21
AU3086284A (en) 1985-01-31
DE3327230A1 (de) 1985-02-07
AU565836B2 (en) 1987-10-01
US4589967A (en) 1986-05-20
NO161008B (no) 1989-03-13
JPS6052589A (ja) 1985-03-25
DE3327230C2 (fr) 1990-08-23

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