EP0273009B1 - Abgabesysteme von Polyvinylacetat enthaltenden Süssstoffen - Google Patents

Abgabesysteme von Polyvinylacetat enthaltenden Süssstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0273009B1
EP0273009B1 EP87810760A EP87810760A EP0273009B1 EP 0273009 B1 EP0273009 B1 EP 0273009B1 EP 87810760 A EP87810760 A EP 87810760A EP 87810760 A EP87810760 A EP 87810760A EP 0273009 B1 EP0273009 B1 EP 0273009B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
delivery system
chewing gum
weight
coating
sweetener
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP87810760A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0273009A3 (en
EP0273009A2 (de
Inventor
Cherukuri R. Subraman
Mansukhani Gul
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Warner Lambert Co LLC
Intercontinental Great Brands LLC
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Warner Lambert Co LLC
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G4/14—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of chewing gum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G4/066—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fat used
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G4/10—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
    • A23G4/20—Composite products, e.g. centre-filled, multi-layer, laminated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a delivery system, e.g. an artificial sweetener delivery system, ingestible products, e.g. chewing gum and confectionery compositions containing it and a method for its preparation. More particularly this invention relates to a method of providing prolonged sweetness and of protecting materials from being adversely affected from such factors as moisture, pH, temperature and reactive chemicals.
  • the delivery system is particularly useful for delivering sweeteners, but may have applications for flavours and drugs and the like.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,384,004 discloses solid particles of aspartame encapsulated by a coating material selected from the group consisting of cellulose, cellulose derivatives, arabinogalactin, gum arabic, polyolefins, waxes, vinyl polymers, gelatin, zein and mixtures thereof, wherein the amount of said coating material to said methyl ester is from 1:1 to 1:10.
  • the coating materials include cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate phthalate, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, arabinogalactan; polyethylene, polymethacrylates, polyamides, ethylenevinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone; gum arabic; paraffin wax, carnauba wax, spermaceti, beeswax; stearic acid, steryl alcohol, glyceryl stearate; gelatin, zein and mixtures thereof.
  • the method of coating employed in this patent includes suspending the aspartame particles in a stream of air that passes through a zone of atomized liquid droplets of the coating material, so that the coating material is deposited on the surface of the aspartame. More than one coating may be used whereby the inner coating is water-soluble and the outer coating is water-soluble.
  • U.S. Patents Nos. 4,122,195 and 4,139,939 fix aspartame by preparing it with a material such as gum arabic or the reaction product of a compound containing a polyvalent metallic ion, with an ungelatinized start acid-ester of a substituted dicarboxylic acid, by a spray drying technique, where the aspartame and a film former are prepared in an emulsion.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,374,858 discloses an aspartame sweetened chewing gum having improved sweetness stability wherein the chewing gum piece has aspartame coated on its surface, as opposed to incorporating it in the chewing gum mix.
  • EP-A-0053844 discloses a stabilized dipeptide-based sweetening composition
  • a stabilized dipeptide-based sweetening composition comprising (a) from 20 to 60% by weight of solid fat, (b) from 10 to 30% by weight emulsifier, (c) from 10 to 30% by weight polysaccharide and (d) not more than 30% by weight of dipeptide sweetener.
  • the compositions are prepared by heating the mixture of the ingredients, cooling, and pulverizing to obtain powder or granules of the composition to obtain granules of less than 1680 micrometres (i.e. of a ASTM mesh size of smaller than 12). Spray drying the mixture is also disclosed.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,105,801 discloses a confectionery comprising a core portion and a shell adheringly enveloping the core portion, whereby the shell is formed by an intimate mixture of microcrystals of xylitol with a solid fatty substance in a proportion of 0.5 to 15 parts by weight of fatty substance to each 100 parts by weight of xylitol.
  • the fatty substance is preferably a mono-, di- or triglyceride having a melting range of between 20 and 60 ⁇ C.
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,389,000 discloses protective coatings for granular nucleoside-5-phosphates, the coatings being edible fats melting between 40-100 C and derived from plants and animals.
  • Hydrogenated oils such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, almond oil, castor oil, linseed oil, mustard oil, olive oil, grapefruit seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil and the like and mixtures thereof.
  • This patent discloses a process of preparing the granular product from a liquid mixture of fats and nucleoside-5-phosphates which are sprayed from a pressure nozzle and the resultant granules cooked and recovered.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,382,924 discloses liquid oral dosage forms for vitamins or pharmaceutical materials comprising an edible oil, a high potency lipid soluble sweetener such as saccharin and a lipid soluble flavourant.
  • the edible oil may be a polyol fatty acid ester having at least four fatty acid ester groups and each fatty acid having from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
  • the oil, sweetener and flavour oil are mixed and heated and then cooled to provide a palatable liquid dosage form.
  • U.S. Patents Nos. 3,949,094 and 3,976,794 and U.S. Patent No. 3,867,556 discloses the application of a dispersion of an emulsified fat with a solution of dextrin, saccharin or a polysaccharide to a food product as a barrier against moisture.
  • U.S. patent No. 3,527,647 discloses a process of agglomerating particles by randomly scattering and spraying moistened particles to cause them to collide and form agglomerates.
  • the problem relating to stabilization of sweeteners such as aspartame which has not been previously successfully addressed, relates to the wettability of the aspartame crystal as well as to its morphological configuration.
  • Aspartame is known to be rod-like, needle-like or dendritic in shape.
  • Aspartame it is very difficult to coat aspartame using ordinary mixing or spray coating techniques.
  • coatings must be able to wet and adhere to the crystalline surface, including the needle-like tips and other shape variations of the aspartame.
  • the coating must be capable of being applied in a film with a uniform thickness sufficient to provide a barrier against degradative factors such as moisture, pH changes, temperature changes and reactive chemicals.
  • the coatings in addition to being protective barriers, must be flexible enough to conform to the surface irregularities and geometrical configuration without cracking due to mechanical stresses which it is subjected to during incorporation of the sweetener into specific product applications. Attempts to coat aspartame using spray techniques to apply simple mixtures of fat and lecithin have resulted in poor wetting, spotty coating and inadequate protection against moisture and other potentially degradative factors.
  • EP-A-0053844 is an example of simple admixing of coating materials with aspartame.
  • This document discloses the simple melting and admixing of from 20 to 60% of solid fat,10 to 30% of emulsifier, 10 to 30% of polysaccharide and not more than 30% dipeptide sweetener.
  • the mixture is then cooled and pulverized or spray dried.
  • the pulverizing into fine powder results in rupturing of the coating, leaving the aspartame exposed.
  • Spray drying is normally associated with the driving off of moisture or solvents.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,597,970 discloses a delivery system wherein a sweetener is coated with a mixture of fatty acid or wax, lecithin and monoglyceride.
  • the delivery system of this patent discloses a method of protecting the sweetener as well as providing controlled release.
  • the present invention seeks to provide coating compositions which eliminate the need for fatty acid or wax components, yet still provide adequate protection and delayed release of the sweetener or other active ingredient contained therein.
  • a delivery system capable of effecting controlled release of a core material, which delivery system comprises at least one core material present in amounts of 0.01 % to 50% by weight of the delivery system, and a coating comprising:
  • the core material may be any particulate material which requires a coating for protection, controlled release or taste-masking. It may be for example a sweetener, a medicament, or flavouring agent, particularly a spray-dried flavour.
  • the core material is a solid natural or artificial high intensity sweetener selected from amino acid-based sweeteners, dipeptide sweeteners, glycyrrhizin, saccharin and its salts, acesulfame salts, cyclamates, steviosides, talin, dihydrochalcone compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • a solid natural or artificial high intensity sweetener selected from amino acid-based sweeteners, dipeptide sweeteners, glycyrrhizin, saccharin and its salts, acesulfame salts, cyclamates, steviosides, talin, dihydrochalcone compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • the delivery systems may be incorporated into an ingestible product.
  • the ingestible product may be for example a food product, e.g. a confectionery or chewing gum composition; a pharmaceutical preparation; or a denture product or mouthwash.
  • the delivery systems are particularly advantageous for use in chewing gum compositions.
  • the delivery systems are preferably prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
  • the prior art techniques for coating difficult-to-coat materials such as aspartame, has focused on two methods.
  • the first method involves the formation of a molten mixture of the coating material with the sweetener. The mixture is then solidified by cooling and pulverized. The resultant particles represent a random attempt at completely coating or enrobing the sweetener. In the case of aspartame, this coating does not provide adequate protection against moisture or aldehyde-containing flavour oils and instability of the aspartame results.
  • the second conventional prior art technique for coating materials involves fluidized bed spray coating. This technique involves suspending a mass of the material to be coated into a stream of atomized droplets of coating material. In the case of materials such as aspartame, this method is very difficult. Aspartame is a low density material, has a large surface to weight ratio and poor wetting characteristics. For these reasons, spray coating of aspartame in a fluidized bed system is difficult.
  • the process described above for the present invention is an improvement over spray congealing techniques.
  • the resultant product exhibits a marked improvement in the effectiveness of the boating as a protective barrier.
  • the result is a significant improvement in the stability of the core (e.g. sweetener) material.
  • the delivery systems of the invention and preferred process of preparation provided an improved protective coating for core materials, thereby increasing the stability of the final product.
  • the delivery systems have a variety of other advantages including the controlled release of materials such as sweeteners and flavouring agents. Other advantages will become apparent herein.
  • a delivery system can be made using a coating formed from the combination of an emulsifier with low molecular weight polyvinyl acetate.
  • This coating provides an effective barrier against moisture and other conditions such as reactive agents, pH changes and the like.
  • sweeteners such as aspartame
  • these coatings effectuate sustained release of the sweetener, thereby extending the period of sweetener perception and enjoyment of a chewing gum or confectionery composition containing such a delivery system.
  • the polyvinyl acetate of the coating has a molecular weight of 2,000 to 14,000 and preferably 2000 to about 12,000.
  • the polyvinyl acetate may be blended with resins, rosins, terpenes, elastomers, waxes or mixtures thereof.
  • the combination of polyvinyl acetate and aforementioned emulsifiers produces coatings which form excellent films on the core material, e.g. sweeteners. These coatings are substantially water insoluble and thus protect the sweetener or other encapsulated material from hydrolytic degradation. Yet, they possess sufficient hydrophilic character to swell in the presence of water, thereby slowly releasing the core material.
  • Glyceryl monostearate is the most preferred emulsifier because it has been found to have the unexpected property of inhibiting the hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate to acetic acid and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the glyceryl monostearate may be present in an amount of 2% to 15% by weight of the delivery system..
  • the coatings are non- cariogenic: no cold flow of polyvinyl acetate is encountered on prolonged storage; the delivery system may be made by a method which does not employ the use of solvents; the delivery system can be used in any food, chewing gum, confectioners, personal product or pharmaceutical application where it is desirable to protect a core material, such as an artificial sweetener from moisture.
  • a core material such as an artificial sweetener from moisture.
  • the delivery system may be prepared by melting the desired ratio of polyvinyl acetate and emulsifier and mixing them at a temperature of about 85 . C for a short period of time, e.g., 5 minutes or more. Once these materials are sufficiently melted and a homogenous mixture is obtained, the proper amount of solid core material, e.g. sweetener is added and blended into the molten mass thoroughly for an additional short period of mixing. The resultant mixture is a semi-solid mass which is then cooled to obtain a solid, e.g., at 0 C, and ground to a size of 75 to 600 micrometres (a U.S. standard mesh size of about 30 to about 200).
  • a solid e.g., at 0 C
  • a size of 75 to 600 micrometres a U.S. standard mesh size of about 30 to about 200.
  • the resultant product may be in powder or granulated form.
  • the particle size is not critical to the delivery system and can be adjusted to accommodate a particular desired release rate and mouthfeel, depending on the vehicle, e.g., chewing gum, confection or pharmaceutical in which it is incorporated.
  • the delivery system can be used as it is for various applications, e.g., as a topping on baked goods or as an additive in a denture adhesive or mouthwash.
  • the core material as discussed above can be selected from a wide variety of materials such as sweeteners, medicaments, drugs, flavouring agents and the like. These materials can be used either singly or in combination in either a single or multiple delivery system. That is, one or more of these materials may be present within one coating or separately coated by the coating and employed alone or in combination in a final product.
  • the core material is a sweetener it may be selected from solid natural or synthetic sweeteners capable of imparting. high intensity sweetness. These sweeteners are preferably selected from amino acid-based sweeteners, dipeptide sweeteners, glycyrrhizin, saccharin and its salts, acesulfame salts, cyclamates, steviosides, talin, dihydrochalcone compounds and mixtures thereof.
  • the sweeteners which are part of the delivery system may be used in amounts necessary to impart sweetness and preferably in amounts of about 0.01 to 50%, preferably 0.01 to 30% by weight of the delivery system. Aspartame, saccharin and its salts are the preferred sweeteners.. The preferred amounts of these sweeteners are 2 to 10%, most preferably 4 to 6% by weight of the delivery system. Auxilary sweeteners may be used in the final product, .e.g, chewing gum composition, in conventional amounts standard in the industry.
  • a particularly effective combination of sweeteners is aspartame, sodium saccharin and acesulfame K (potassium acesulfame). Saccharin and its salts and acesulfame salts may be employed in amounts of 5 to 50% by weight of the delivery system. Aspartame is used in amounts up to approximately 15% by weight when used in this combination.
  • One or more of the sweeteners may be in encapsulated form prior to incorporation in the delivery system, thus delaying the release of the sweetener and lengthening the perceptible sweetness and/or staggering their release. Thus, the sweeteners may be incorporated such that they release sequentially.
  • sweeteners used alone or as part of the delivery system improves the sweetness intensity as a result of synergism.
  • exemplary examples of synergistic combinations are: saccharin/aspartame; saccharin/potassium acesulfame; saccharin/aspartame/potassium acesulfame.
  • These sweeteners can also be added to the final food confectionery, drug or personal product independently of the delivery system.
  • a good product may have sweetness imparted thereto attributable to the delivery system sweetness as well as those auxilary sweeteners independent of the delivery system.
  • sweeteners have also been discovered to impart a long lasting flavour effect to the food product such as chewing gum.
  • a preferred combination is up to approximately 35% of aspartame and 1.0% to 50% of saccharin or a salt thereof by weight of the delivery system.
  • Such a combination may additionally include 0.01 to 50% of potassium acesulfame by weight of the delivery system.
  • Useful flavouring agents for use as a core material may be chosen from synthetic flavouring liquids and/or liquids derived from plants, leaves, flowers, fruits and so forth, and combinations thereof.
  • Representative flavouring liquids include: spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen (methylsalicylate) and peppermint oils.
  • artificial, natural or synthetic fruit flavours such as citrus oil including lemon, orange, grape, lime and grapefruit and fruit essences including apple, strawberry, cherry, pineapple and so forth.
  • flavouring agent employed is normally a matter of preference subject to such factors as flavour type, base type and strength desired.
  • amounts of 0.05% to 3.0% by weight of the final ingestible product .eg. chewing gum composition are usable with amounts of 0.3% to 1.5% being preferred and 0.7% to 1.2% being most preferred.
  • the amount of gum base employed will vary greatly depending on various factors such as the type of base used, consistency desired and other components used to make the final product. In general, amounts of 5% to 45% by weight of the final chewing gum composition are acceptable for use in chewing gum composition with preferred amounts being 15% to 25% by weight.
  • the gum base may be any water- insoluble gum base well known in the art.
  • suitable polymers in gum bases include both natural and synthetic elastomers and rubbers.
  • those polymers which are suitable in gum bases include, without limitation, substances of vegetable origin such as chicle, jetutong, gutta percha and crown gum.
  • Synthetic elastomers such as butadiene-styrene copolymers, isobutylene-isoprene copolymers, polyethylene, polyisobutylene and polyvinylacetate and mixtures thereof, are particularly useful.
  • the gum base composition may contain elastomer solvents to aid in softening the rubber component.
  • elastomer solvents may comprise methyl, glycerol or pentaerythritol esters of rosins or modified rosins, such as hydrogenated, dimerized or polymerized rosins or mixtures thereof.
  • elastomer solvents suitable for use herein include the pentaerythritol ester of partially hydrogenated wood rosin, pentaerythritol ester of wood rosin, glycerol ester of wood rosin, glycerol ester of partially dimerized rosin, glycerol ester of polymerized rosin, glycerol ester of tall oil rosin, glycerol ester of wood rosin and partially hydrogenated wood rosin and partially hydrogenated methyl ester of rosin, such as polymers of alpha- pinene or beta-pinene; terpene resins including polyterpene and mixtures thereof.
  • the solvent may be employed in an amount ranging from 10% to 75% and preferably 45% to 70% by weight to the gum base.
  • plasticizers of softeners such as lanolin, stearic acid, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, glyceryl triacetate, glycerine and the like for example, natural waxes, petroleum waxes, such as polyurethane waxes, paraffin waxes and microcrystalline waxes may also be incorporated into the gum base to obtain a variety of desirable textures and consistency properties.
  • plasticizers of softeners such as lanolin, stearic acid, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, glyceryl triacetate, glycerine and the like
  • natural waxes such as polyurethane waxes, paraffin waxes and microcrystalline waxes
  • These individual additional materials are generally employed in amounts of up to about 30% by weight and preferably in amounts of from 3% to 20% by weight of the final gum base composition.
  • the chewing gum composition may additionally include the conventional additives of flavouring agents; colouring agents such as titanium dioxide; emulsifiers such as lecithin and glyceryl monostearate; and additional fillers such as aluminium hydroxide, alumina, aluminium silicates, calcium carbonate, and talc and combinations thereof.
  • flavouring agents such as titanium dioxide
  • emulsifiers such as lecithin and glyceryl monostearate
  • additional fillers such as aluminium hydroxide, alumina, aluminium silicates, calcium carbonate, and talc and combinations thereof.
  • these fillers may also be used in the gum base in various amounts.
  • the amount of fillers when used will vary from 4% to 30% by weight of the final chewing gum composition.
  • additional sweeteners may be chosen from the following non-limiting list: sugars such as sucrose, glucose (corn syrup), dextrose, invert sugar, fructose, and mixtures thereof; saccharine and its various salts such as the sodium or calcium salt; cyclamic acid and its various salts such as the sodium salt; the dipeptide sweeteners such as aspartame; dihydrochalcone compounds, glycyrrhizin; Stevia Rebaudiana (Stevioside); and sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, sorbitol syrup, mannitol, xylitol, and the like.
  • sugars such as sucrose, glucose (corn syrup), dextrose, invert sugar, fructose, and mixtures thereof
  • saccharine and its various salts such as the sodium or calcium salt
  • cyclamic acid and its various salts such as the sodium salt
  • the dipeptide sweeteners such as aspartame
  • dihydrochalcone compounds glycy
  • nonfermentable sugar substitute hydrogenated starch hydrolysate
  • synthetic sweetener 3,6-dihydro-6-methyl-1-1,2,3-oxathiazin-4-one-2,2-dioxide particularly the potassium (Acesulfame-K), sodium and calcium salts thereof as described in German Patent No. 2,001,017.7.
  • Suitable flavourings for use in the chewing gum composition include both natural and artificial flavours: including mints such as peppermint; menthol; artificial vanilla; cinnamon; various fruit flavours, both individual and mixed; and the like.
  • the flavourings are generally utilized in amounts that will vary depending upon the individual flavour, and may, for example, range in amounts of 0.5% to 3% by weight of the final chewing gum composition weight.
  • the flavourings may be present in the delivery system, free in the chewing gum composition itself, or both.
  • the colourants useful in the chewing gum compositions according to the present invention include the pigments such as titanium dioxide, that may be incorporated in amounts of up to about 1% by weight, and preferably up to about 6% by weight.
  • the colourants may include other dyes suitable for food, drug and cosmetic applications, and known as F.D. & C. dyes and the like.
  • the materials acceptable for the foregoing spectrum of use are preferably water-soluble.
  • Illustrative examples include indigoid dye, known as F.D. & C. Blue No. 2, which is the disodium salt of 5,5'-indigotindisulfonic acid.
  • the chewing gums compositions according to the invention may be in any form known in the art, such as stick gum, slab gum, chunk gum, shredded gum, hard coated gum, tabletted gum, as well as centre- filled gum.
  • chewing gum compositions according to the present invention may be made by adding the desired delivery system to a homogeneous mixture of a gum base and the remaining chewing gum ingredients, and forming the resistant mixture into suitable chewing gum shapes.
  • the process of preparing the inventive chewing gum compositions may be as follows.
  • the gum base is melted (about 85 to about 90 ), cooled to 78 C and placed in a pre-warmed (60 C) standard mixing kettle equipped with sigma blades.
  • the emulsifier is then added and mixed in.
  • a portion of the sorbitol and the glycerin is added and mixed in for an additional 3 to 6 minutes.
  • the mixing kettle is cooled and mannitol and the remainder of the sorbitol and glycerin are then added and mixing is continued.
  • the unflavoured chewing gum temperature is about 39-42.
  • Flavour oil is then added and incorporated into the base and the mixing is continued.
  • the delivery system containing the core material e.g. sweetener material
  • the delivery system is added and mixed for an additional 1 to 10 minutes.
  • the delivery system is added as the last ingredient.
  • the final gum temperature is about 39 C-43 C.
  • the chewing gum composition is then discharged from the kettle, rolled, scored and formed into chewing gum pieces.
  • the delivery system e.g. in the form of particles
  • an additional hydrophobic coating comprising a fat or wax blended with an emulsifier.
  • Conventional, fluidized bed techniques can be used for obtaining these additional coatings.
  • compositions A-L are representative of delivery systems according to the present invention. These compositions were prepared in accordance with the description above.
  • the delivery systems were prepared, they were further ground to obtain the desired size, ie. 75-600 micrometres (about 30 to about 200 U.S. standard mesh).
  • a second coating of fat or wax and glycerol monostearate blend was applied on some of the above compositions using conventional fluidized bed granulation techniques. This second coating, although not required, is useful in applications where prolonged exposure to acid pH, water or high temperature is likely. The second coating also assures that rod-like shaped sweeteners such as aspartame are adequately coated.
  • compositions I-IV (shown below) were compared with a leading brand containing aspartame, as well as other aspartame-containing prior art chewing gums (a, b & c which are taken from compositions taught in U.S. Patent No. 4,597,970).
  • Figure 1 graphically shows the results of chew panels using the inventive aspartame-containing delivery systems C & D in the above formulations I and II. These compositions were compared with a leading aspartamecontaining commercial chewing gum. It is apparent from the graph that throughout the 15 minute chew period, the inventive chewing gum compositions were superior in sweetener release perceived as compared to the leading commercial brand.
  • Figure 2 shows inventive chewing gum compositions III and IV which have acesulfame-K as the encapsulated sweetener. Comparative chewing gums having substantially the same formula but containing - free acesulfame-K were also tested, as were three prior art compositions (a,b,c) using the delivery system of U.S. Patent No. 4,597-,970. It is clear from the results that the inventive compositions were perceived by panels.as significantly better in delaying the sweetener release throughout the test period when compared to the release characteristics of the prior art compositions.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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  • Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
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Claims (18)

1. Ein Abgabesystem zur kontrollierten Freigabe eines Kernmaterials, wobei das Abgabesystem mindestens ein in 0,01 bis 50 Gewichtsprozenten des Abgabesystems vorhandenes Kernmaterial sowie eine Umhüllung enthält, die besteht aus
(a) einem Emulgator, der in einer Menge von 0,5 bis 20 Gewichtsprozenten des Abgabesystems vorhanden ist und ausgewählt wird aus Lezithin, Stearaten, Esterderivaten von Stearaten, Palmitaten, Esterderivaten von Palmitaten, Oleaten, Esterderivaten von Oleaten, Glyzeriden, Esterderivaten von Glyzeriden, Sukrosepolyestern, Polyglyzerolestern, Tierwachsen, vegetabilischen Wachsen, synthetischen Wachsen, Erdölwachs und Gemischen davon; und
(b) Polyvinylazetat, das in einer Menge von 40 bis 93 Gewichtsprozenten des Abgabesystems vorhanden ist und ein Molekulargewicht von 2 000 bis 14 000 hat, und worin das Kernmaterial von der Umhüllung umgeben ist.
2. Ein Abgabesystem nach Patentanspruch 1, worin das Kernmaterial mindestens ein fester natürlicher oder künstlicher, stark wirksamer Süssstoff ist, der ausgewählt wird aus Süssstoffen auf Aminosäurebasis, Dipeptidsüssstoffen, Glyzyrrhizin, Saccharin und seinen Salzen, Azesulfamsalzen, Zyklamaten, Steviosiden, Talin, Dihydrochalconverbindungen und deren Gemischen.
3. Ein Abgabesystem nach Patentanspruch 2, worin der Süssstoff Aspartam ist.
4. Ein Abgabesystem nach Patentanspruch 2, worin der Süssstoff Saccharin oder eines seiner Salze ist.
5. Ein Abgabesystem nach Patentanspruch 2, worin der Süssstoff eine Kombination von bis zu etwa 25 Abgabesystemgewichtsprozenten Aspartam und 1,0 bis 50 Abgabegesystemwichtsprozenten Saccharin oder eines seiner Salze ist.
6. Ein Abgabesystem nach Patentanspruch 5, worin der Süssstoff zusätzlich 0,01 bis 50 Abgabesystemgewichtsprozente Kaliumazesulfam enthält.
7. Ein Abgabesystem nach Patentanspruch 1, worin der Emulgator der Umhüllung, d.h. die Komponente (a), Glyzerylmonostearat ist, das in einer Menge von 2 bis 15 Gewichtsprozenten des Abgabesystems vorhanden ist.
8. Abgabesystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, worin das Polyvinylazetat, d.h. Komponente (b), ein Molekulargewicht im Bereich zwischen 2 000 und 12 000 hat.
9. Ein Abgabesystem nach Patentanspruch 8, worin das Polyvinylazetat mit einem Material vermischt wird, das ausgewählt wird aus Harzen, Terpentinharzen, Terpenen, Elastomeren, Wachsen und deren Gemischen.
10. Ein als Nahrungsmittel aufnehmbares Produkt ausgewählt aus Nahrungsmitteln, Arzneimitteln, die Süssigkeiten enthalten, pharmazeutischen Präparaten, Gebissprodukten oder Mundspülmitteln, nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 9.
11. Ein als Nahrungsmittel aufnehmbares Produkt nach Patentanspruch 10, das eine Kaugummimischung ist.
12. Eine Kaugummimischung nach Patentanspruch 11, worin die Gummibasis ein Elastomer enthält, das ausgewählt wird aus Naturgummi, synthetischem Gummi und deren Gemischen.
13. Eine Kaugummimischung nach Patentanspruch 12, worin das Gummibasiselastomer ausgewählt wird aus Chicle, Djelutung, Balata, Guttapercha, Lechi-Capsi, Sorva, Butadien-Styrol-Kopolymeren, Polyisobutylen, Isobutylen-Isopren-Kopolymeren, Polyäthylen, Polyvinylazetat und deren Gemischen.
14. Eine Kaugummimischung nach Patentanspruch 11, 12 oder 13, worin die Gummibasis in einer Menge von 5 bis 45% der fertigen Kaugummimischung vorhanden ist.
15. Eine Kaugummimischung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche 11 bis 14, worin zusätzlich zum Abgabesystem darin ein oder mehrere Füllstoffe, Geschmackstoffe, Farbstoffe, Weichmacher, Plastifizierungsstoffe, Elastomere, Elastomerlösungsmittel, Süssstoffe und deren Gemische vorhanden sind.
16. Eine Kaugummimischung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche 11 bis 15, worin darin weiter ein Wachsmaterial vorhanden ist, das ausgewählt wird aus Tierwachsen, vegetabilischen Wachsen, synthetischen Wachsen, Erdölwachs und Gemischen davon.
17. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Abgabesystems nach einem .der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche 1 bis 9, bestehend aus den Schritten
(A) Einschliessen des Kernmaterials in die Umhüllung durch Schmelzen und Mischen von Polyvinylazetat niedrigen Molekulargewichts mit einem Emulgator und gleichmässiges Feinverteilen des Kernmaterials darin; Abkühlen des Gemisches auf Raumtemperatur unter fortwährendem Mischen;
(B) Vermahlen des sich ergebenden Gemisches auf die gewünschte Teilchengrösse; und,
(C) wahlweise, Umhüllen der in (B) hergestellten Teilchen mit einem hydrophobem Gemisch, bestehend aus Fett oder Wachs, das mit einem Emulgator vermischt wird, um eine zusätzliche Schutzschicht auf den Abgabesystemteilchen zu bilden.
18. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kaugummimischung nach einem der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche 11 bis 16, bestehend aus den Schritten:
(1) Zufügen eines nach Patentanspruch 17 hergestellten Abgabesystems zu einer Gummibasis und allen übrigen Kaugummizutaten; und
(2) Formen des sich ergebenden Gemisches zu geeigneten Kaugummiformen.
EP87810760A 1986-12-23 1987-12-18 Abgabesysteme von Polyvinylacetat enthaltenden Süssstoffen Expired - Lifetime EP0273009B1 (de)

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US06/945,743 US4816265A (en) 1986-12-23 1986-12-23 Sweetener delivery systems containing polyvinyl acetate
US945743 1986-12-23

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EP0273009A2 EP0273009A2 (de) 1988-06-29
EP0273009A3 EP0273009A3 (en) 1988-10-12
EP0273009B1 true EP0273009B1 (de) 1991-10-30

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US (1) US4816265A (de)
EP (1) EP0273009B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2610628B2 (de)
AU (1) AU610538B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1315148C (de)
ES (1) ES2026944T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3003040T3 (de)
HK (1) HK121494A (de)
PH (1) PH24611A (de)
PT (1) PT86458B (de)
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GR3003040T3 (en) 1993-02-17
JP2610628B2 (ja) 1997-05-14
AU8224987A (en) 1988-06-23
HK121494A (en) 1994-11-11
PT86458A (en) 1988-01-01
ZA879020B (en) 1988-05-27
ES2026944T3 (es) 1992-05-16
PT86458B (pt) 1990-11-20
AU610538B2 (en) 1991-05-23
US4816265A (en) 1989-03-28
EP0273009A3 (en) 1988-10-12
EP0273009A2 (de) 1988-06-29
JPS63245638A (ja) 1988-10-12
CA1315148C (en) 1993-03-30
PH24611A (en) 1990-08-17

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