EP0278867A1 - Integrierter Mikrowellenzirkulator - Google Patents

Integrierter Mikrowellenzirkulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0278867A1
EP0278867A1 EP88400293A EP88400293A EP0278867A1 EP 0278867 A1 EP0278867 A1 EP 0278867A1 EP 88400293 A EP88400293 A EP 88400293A EP 88400293 A EP88400293 A EP 88400293A EP 0278867 A1 EP0278867 A1 EP 0278867A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
gyrator
circulator
ferrite
pole piece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88400293A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0278867B1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Forterre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thomson Composants Microondes
Original Assignee
Thomson Hybrides et Microondes
Thomson Composants Microondes
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
    • H01P1/38—Circulators
    • H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
    • H01P1/39—Hollow waveguide circulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waveguide circulator, for microwave waves, in which the gyrator can be integrated.
  • the circulator object of the invention is a model in which the power can reach and exceed the kilowatt, in a frequency range between 1 and 100 GHz.
  • a circulator is a microwave component having a number of doors, at least three, which transmits the energy it receives from one door to another door.
  • This component has the property of non-reciprocity, that is to say that, if the direction of the incident energy is modified, the function of the entry and exit gates is not exchanged.
  • This condition of non-reciprocity is introduced by the use in such a component of a gyrator comprising ferrites.
  • These are ceramic magnetic materials mainly constituted by metal oxides which, however, differ from conventional metallic magnetic materials in that they are non-conductive and have low losses of magnetic origin at microwave frequencies.
  • junctions consist of a junction with three or four doors made as a waveguide in which is inserted, in its center, at least one ferrite rod subjected to a transverse external magnetic field.
  • the waveguide circulators are made from a metal body which is either machined in the mass, or welded, and whose body is: - either in several assembled parts: it is then easy to stick to it and position the ferrites, - or monobloc, which means that you can only access the interior of the body, to fix a gyrator, by the doors of the circulator, which therefore assumes that it is dismantled from the equipment in which it is in service.
  • the waveguides are either made of welded sheet metal or molded, and it is difficult to precisely position and fix the ferrite piece (s) of the gyrator there, especially since the waveguides must not not have - apart from the doors - slots or air gaps, which have the double disadvantage of having a high impedance, and of presenting a microwave leak, dangerous for the user.
  • the circulator is pierced with two opposite circular holes, in its two parallel walls, and at the location where the gyrator must be located.
  • the gyrator is, in turn, monobloc and constituted by the stack of pieces of cylindrical shapes which are glued together.
  • This gyrator comprises, at least, a pole piece, a ferrite, a solid dielectric such as silica, a ferrite and a second pole piece.
  • One or two magnets can also be glued to the two pole pieces. All components of the gyrator have substantially the same diameter, so that the gyrator is in the form of a cylindrical part, which can be introduced through the holes made in the circulator.
  • the pole pieces Only the pole pieces have, at a level corresponding to the main walls of the waveguide, a projecting flange of larger diameter, but equal to the diameter of the holes in the waveguide: the two radiators, which are also drilled holes corresponding to the passage of the gyrator, block it in position, by resting on the outer faces of the edges of the pole pieces.
  • the gyrator is therefore fixed by means of the radiators.
  • a special glue joint or a "microwave" seal eliminates any leakage of microwave radiation, and ensures thermal continuity for the cooling of the gyrator.
  • the invention relates to an integrated microwave circulator, comprising a waveguide junction, and a gyrator placed at the center of symmetry of the junction, as well as cooling plates applied to the main faces of the guide.
  • wave this circulator being characterized in that: - the two main faces of the waveguide are pierced with two holes, facing one another, and centered on the center of symmetry of the junction, - A monobloc gyrator crosses the waveguide, passing through the holes made in the main faces of the waveguide. - the cooling plates immobilize the gyrator in the waveguide.
  • - fig. 1 simplified plan view of a circulator according to known art
  • - fig. 2 example of mounting a gyrator in a circulator, according to known art
  • - fig. 3 another example of mounting a gyrator in a circulator, according to known art
  • - fig. 4 sectional view of the part of a circulator in which a gyrator according to the invention is mounted (partial view), with a first type of seal.
  • - fig. 1 simplified plan view of a circulator according to known art
  • - fig. 2 example of mounting a gyrator in a circulator, according to known art
  • - fig. 3 another example of mounting a gyrator in a circulator, according to known art
  • - fig. 4 sectional view of the part of a circulator in which a gyrator according to the invention is mounted (partial view), with a first type of seal.
  • Figures 1 to 3 define what a circulator, and how to integrate a gyrator, but this preliminary reminder will simplify the explanations, thereafter, and to make more clear the presentation of the invention.
  • Figure 1 gives the plan of a three-door circulator produced from a T or Y junction and three arms formed by waveguides whose openings are called doors 1, 2, 3.
  • a step 4 ensures the ternary symmetry of the junction, so that the triangle ABC, formed between the points common to the three waveguides - in the plane of the figure - is an equilateral triangle.
  • the axis of this junction that is to say in the axis of the center of the triangle ABC, are placed two ferrite discs 6 and 7 subjected to a transverse magnetic field applied by one or two magnets 8 and 9, by l 'through pole pieces 10 and 11.
  • Figure 1 is a plane which passes through the plane of symmetry of the circulator, Figure 2, which is a section along X ⁇ X, allows to see the parts not shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 2 which is a section along X ⁇ X, allows to see the parts not shown in Figure 1.
  • a circulator constituted as described above does not work correctly because it is not suitable.
  • the rectangular waveguides which are commonly used are standardized guides whose side ratio is of the order of 2 to 1 and which propagate the TE 10 mode.
  • To reduce the impedance of the waveguides it is necessary reduce the height "h". This reduction is achieved by the introduction into the junction of metal plates 14 and 15 constituting an impedance transformer. These plates are arranged against the main faces of the junction and the ferrite discs 6 and 7 are bonded opposite one another against these plates. It is obvious that the necessary introduction of these plates reduces the distance separating the ferrite discs and therefore increases the risk of breakdown at this level.
  • the power handling of a junction circulator of the prior art is therefore limited, thereby resulting in a significant limitation of its use.
  • Figure 2 shows how the elements just described are positioned and held in place.
  • the main faces 12 and 13 of the waveguide are each provided with a hole bordered by a shoulder 16 and 17 on which the impedance transformer 14 and 15 is brazed.
  • each hole penetrates an assembly constituted by a ferrite 6, a pole piece 10, a radiator, and a magnet 8, all the pieces of which are brazed together, the assembly being more brazed on the shoulder 16.
  • a metal plate 20 is introduced at the height of the longitudinal plane of symmetry, which has the effect of dividing the junction as well as the standard waveguides used in two junctions and associated guides of reduced height. This plate occupies the entire area of the junction. However it can extend beyond and occupy both the area of the junction and the arms.
  • two junctions in reduced impedance guides are obtained in this way with which two circulators are produced by placing in the axis of the junctions, on either side of the wall 20, two ferrite pellets 18 and 19 which are thus opposite respectively the pellets 6 and 7.
  • Each of these circulators receiving only half of the incident energy, the total admissible power in the circulator obtained by stacking the two elementary circulators is practically double that of a normal circulator.
  • This type of mounting requires a tool for mounting the ferrites 6, 7, 18, 19 relative to the pole pieces 10 and 11.
  • the junction with ternary symmetry is constituted by a waveguide of reduced height, the reduction ratio compared to the standard waveguides depending on the frequency and the power flowing through it.
  • the coupling of microwave waves to the gyrator takes place directly, without an impedance transformer. This means that the main faces 12 and 13 of the waveguide are flat, inside the cavity, and that no impedance transformer, such as 14-15 in FIG. 2, is soldered there. or molded.
  • the main faces 12 and 13 each have, at the base of the ternary center of symmetry, a circular hole 22 and 23.
  • the integral monobloc gyrator is a set of cylindrical external shape, constituted by: a one-piece composite resonator comprising two ferrite discs 6 and 7 bonded to the two faces of a dielectric disc 21, such as silica or ceramic, - two pole pieces 10 and 11, made of mild steel, the cylindrical shape of which is adapted to the functions to be fulfilled will be analyzed later, - one or two magnets 8 and 9, cylindrical with a diameter smaller than that of the pole pieces.
  • the flanges 24 and 25 have an outer face - relative to the waveguide - planar 26 and 27, and coplanar with the outer surface of the faces 12 and 13 of the waveguide.
  • the power circulator comprises cooling means constituted either by two fin plates 28 and 29, air cooling, as shown in FIG. 4, or by two liquid circulation boxes, as shown in FIG. 7. These cooling means are also pierced with two holes 30 and 31, of diameter corresponding to the small diameter of the pole pieces 10 and 11.
  • the monobloc gyrator being positioned in the holes 22 and 23 of the waveguide, the fact of attaching the cooling plates 28 and 29 immobilizes the gyrator, because the internal faces, turned towards the waveguide, of the plates 28 and 29 come to bear on the external faces 26 and 27 of the edges of the pole pieces 10 and 11, and block the gyrator.
  • This magnetic circuit 32 is visible in FIG. 7, which gives a view - along the axis Y ⁇ Y of FIG. 1 - more general but less detailed than fig. 4.
  • the structure of the circulator according to the invention is such that one can check before integrating each of the parts, which will now be each better detailed, and the complete gyrator.
  • the monobloc resonator is produced without air gap between the ferrites 6 and 7, the air gap being replaced by a dielectric or a plate metal 21. It is mainly constituted by at least two thin ferrites, produced either in the form of discs or with a section having a ternary symmetry. By thin ferrites is meant ferrites of small thickness compared to the wavelength in the composite resonator.
  • the dimensions of the ferrites and the dielectric are calculated so as to obtain a gyromagnetic resonator whose impedance is practically the same as that of the waveguide of reduced height constituting the ports of the junction.
  • Such a structure avoids the intrusion of dust or the condensation of material in the critical zone located between the ferrites.
  • the pole pieces 10 and 11 of mild steel or other, cylindrical, have a small diameter at the height of the cooling plates 28 and 29, and a large diameter, that of the protruding rim 24 and 25, at the height of the faces 12 and 13 of the waveguide. They can easily penetrate inside the waveguide, depending on the total thickness of the one-piece resonator 6 + 21 + 7. The important thing is that the distance between the two faces 26 and 27 of the edges is equal to the distance between the two outer faces of the walls 12 and 13 of the waveguide.
  • This film does not have to provide a rigid mechanical connection.
  • the diameter of the pole pieces 10 and 11, at the level of the insertion zone in the waveguide junction, must be as close as possible to that of the ferrites 6 and 7, in order to reduce the rate of energy coupled by the gap inevitably existing between these pole pieces and the metallic body of the junction, the coupling thus produced being of the magnetic type in a region where the magnetic fields have no transverse components.
  • the invention provides for microwave sealing bonding, and because the air knives have a very high impedance.
  • FIG. 5 - which gives only part of fig. 4 - shows another microwave sealing system, without glue or conductive lacquer.
  • the hole 31 in the cooling plate 29 is of a diameter such that the plate 29 is hooped onto the body of the pole piece 11.
  • the cooling plate 29 There is therefore mechanical fixing of the one-piece gyrator by the cooling plate 29, and there is no microwave leakage since there is hooping.
  • the plate 29 is machined to create a housing there for the seal 33, and a second projecting rim 36, around the pole piece 11, facilitates the centering of the seal 33.
  • the cooling means 28 and 29 comprise at least one flat plate in close contact with the external surfaces of the faces 12 and 13 of the waveguide. They are wider than the waveguide width, so that they overlap. These plates, once made integral, for example by screws which do not pass through the waveguide, ensure the mechanical rigidity of the gyrator, in its receiving structure and participate in the production of microwave seals.
  • the plates 28 and 29 may include fins, as in FIG. 4, or tubes allowing the circulation of a fluid, as in fig. 5, or even constitute "water boxes" as in fig. 7.
  • the coolant can still circulate in tubes welded to these plates.
  • the magnets 8 and 9 can be made of ferrite, or other materials such as samarium-cobalt. They can be glued to the monobloc gyrator, but they can also be positioned by the cooling plates 28 and 29, and held in place by the magnetic circuit 32.
  • the circulator according to the invention has a waveguide of very reduced height, therefore of impedance adapted to that of the gyrator.
  • the power which can pass through the circulator is less than if the waveguide is of greater height.
  • the resonator comprises, between the ferrites 6 and 7 and the dielectric 21 already described, at least a third ferrite 34 and a second dielectric 35, which means that the high-height circulator functions as two low height circulators mounted in parallel.
  • a resonator is mounted without a metal plate 20 (see fig. 3) being mounted in the waveguide.
  • a metal plate 20 can be mounted in the median plane of the waveguide, in accordance with patent 72 42 261.
  • the gyrator either passes through a hole in the plate 20, - Either is divided into two halves, each being a single piece and comprising a pole piece, a first ferrite, a dielectric and a second ferrite, the plate 20 not being pierced.
  • the circulator according to the invention has been described as a power circulator: the models produced carry 1 KW at 2.45 GHz.
  • the structure according to the invention applies to low power circulators. In this case, it may have only one magnet, and the pole piece devoid of a magnet either rests on the main face not pierced with the waveguide, or is blocked by the cooling plate.
  • the applications of the circulator according to the invention are numerous. In the field of power, they relate to industrial heating, such as the drying of paper or inks, polymerizations, ... In the field of signal processing, the circulator can be integrated in a microwave head, and this up to '' at very high frequencies (at 94 GHz, for example).

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EP88400293A 1987-02-13 1988-02-09 Integrierter Mikrowellenzirkulator Expired - Lifetime EP0278867B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8701865A FR2611089B1 (fr) 1987-02-13 1987-02-13 Circulateur hyperfrequence integre
FR8701865 1987-02-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0278867A1 true EP0278867A1 (de) 1988-08-17
EP0278867B1 EP0278867B1 (de) 1992-05-13

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EP88400293A Expired - Lifetime EP0278867B1 (de) 1987-02-13 1988-02-09 Integrierter Mikrowellenzirkulator

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US (1) US4808949A (de)
EP (1) EP0278867B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3870902D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2611089B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2221911A1 (de) * 2009-02-10 2010-08-25 SPC Electronics Corporation Zirkulator

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5285174A (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-02-08 Hughes Aircraft Company Temperature-compensated waveguide isolator
US9520633B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2016-12-13 Apollo Microwaves Ltd. Waveguide circulator configuration and method of using same
CN108631033B (zh) * 2018-06-12 2023-08-15 西南应用磁学研究所 小型化siw表贴式环行器

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB963414A (en) * 1962-08-23 1964-07-08 Mullard Ltd Waveguide circulator
US3466571A (en) * 1968-02-28 1969-09-09 Motorola Inc High peak power waveguide junction circulators having inductive posts in each port for tuning circulator
US3617950A (en) * 1970-02-02 1971-11-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Junction circulator having a conductive septum in junction region
FR2208202A1 (de) * 1972-11-28 1974-06-21 Thomson Csf
US4145672A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-03-20 Trw Inc. Microwave ferrite circulator having dielectric tube for housing circulator elements
EP0012682A1 (de) * 1978-12-08 1980-06-25 Lignes Telegraphiques Et Telephoniques L.T.T. Leistungszirkulator mit geringem Übertragungsverlust

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3684983A (en) * 1970-06-19 1972-08-15 E & M Lab High speed circulator switch
US4254384A (en) * 1977-11-07 1981-03-03 Trw Inc. Electronic waveguide switch

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB963414A (en) * 1962-08-23 1964-07-08 Mullard Ltd Waveguide circulator
US3466571A (en) * 1968-02-28 1969-09-09 Motorola Inc High peak power waveguide junction circulators having inductive posts in each port for tuning circulator
US3617950A (en) * 1970-02-02 1971-11-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Junction circulator having a conductive septum in junction region
FR2208202A1 (de) * 1972-11-28 1974-06-21 Thomson Csf
US4145672A (en) * 1976-11-12 1979-03-20 Trw Inc. Microwave ferrite circulator having dielectric tube for housing circulator elements
EP0012682A1 (de) * 1978-12-08 1980-06-25 Lignes Telegraphiques Et Telephoniques L.T.T. Leistungszirkulator mit geringem Übertragungsverlust

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ON THE MILITARY MICROWAVES'84, Londres, 24-26 octobre 1984, pages 614-620, Microwave Exhibitions and Plubishers, Ltd, Tunbridge Wells, Kent, GB; P.N. WALKER et al.: "High power junction circulators at millimeter wavelengths" *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2221911A1 (de) * 2009-02-10 2010-08-25 SPC Electronics Corporation Zirkulator
US8193872B2 (en) 2009-02-10 2012-06-05 Spc Electronics Corporation Waveguide circulator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3870902D1 (de) 1992-06-17
FR2611089B1 (fr) 1989-02-24
US4808949A (en) 1989-02-28
FR2611089A1 (fr) 1988-08-19
EP0278867B1 (de) 1992-05-13

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