EP0286077B2 - Procédé pour la combustion de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé pour la combustion de déchets Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286077B2
EP0286077B2 EP88105522A EP88105522A EP0286077B2 EP 0286077 B2 EP0286077 B2 EP 0286077B2 EP 88105522 A EP88105522 A EP 88105522A EP 88105522 A EP88105522 A EP 88105522A EP 0286077 B2 EP0286077 B2 EP 0286077B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
combustion chamber
combustion
gas exhaust
zone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88105522A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0286077A2 (fr
EP0286077A3 (en
EP0286077B1 (fr
Inventor
Sedat Dipl.-Ing. Temelli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AWG ABFALLWIRTSCHAFTSGESELLSCHAFT MIT BESCHRAENKTE
Original Assignee
Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH
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Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE19873712039 external-priority patent/DE3712039A1/de
Application filed by Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH filed Critical Awg Abfallwirtschaftsgesellschaft Wuppertal mbH
Priority to AT88105522T priority Critical patent/ATE70611T1/de
Publication of EP0286077A2 publication Critical patent/EP0286077A2/fr
Publication of EP0286077A3 publication Critical patent/EP0286077A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0286077B1 publication Critical patent/EP0286077B1/fr
Publication of EP0286077B2 publication Critical patent/EP0286077B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combustion boiler, in particular for waste incineration, consisting of a combustion chamber with a combustion grate and with a garbage dispenser arranged above the combustion grate, the combustion chamber having a symmetrical throttling in its upper region opposite the fire grate and pointing in the direction of a flue gas outlet and has an air injection device for secondary air with a plurality of nozzle openings.
  • Such a combustion boiler is known from the publication "Rubbish and Waste” 7/78, pages 219 to 223 and "Industrial Fire” 38 (1986), pages 23 to 32.
  • the symmetrical constriction present in this combustion boiler is intended to trigger a strong swirling of the rising smoke gases.
  • the secondary air is supplied from the edge, at an angle to the direction of flow of the rising flue gas, in an area below the symmetrical constriction. With this training, the ascending remain in the center Smoke gases a large proportion of smoke gas strands that cannot be contacted by the secondary air. This means that there is no complete elimination of CO streaks.
  • a combustion boiler is known from US-A 4,538,529, in which the transition from the combustion chamber to the flue gas outlet is constricted by nose-shaped projections of the walls of the combustion chamber formed on opposite sides.
  • secondary air is injected, whereby the flue gases are swirled in order to mix the strands of flue gas created in the combustion chamber in the flue gas outlet and thereby prevent caking on the oblique wall surfaces of the noses.
  • the secondary air is injected using one or more nozzle bars.
  • these nozzle bars are arranged in the area of the flue gas outlet itself, or the secondary air is injected in the direction of flow of the flue gases at the transition between the combustion chamber and the flue gas outlet.
  • this causes a strong swirl within the transition between the combustion chamber and the flue gas outlet.
  • the present invention is based on the object, starting from a combustion boiler of the type described, to improve it in such a way that such Guidance and mixing of the flue gases is possible that a considerably improved degradation of the pollutants contained in the flue gases, in particular the halogenated hydrocarbons, is brought about.
  • a first solution according to the invention is defined by the features of claim 1, while a second solution is contained in claim 3.
  • the inventive design of the combustion boiler causes a flue gas build-up inside the combustion chamber, so that the residence time of the flue gases in the combustion chamber is increased.
  • This smoke gas accumulation takes place in an area of the combustion chamber where the temperature is approximately uniform from 900 ° C to 1050 ° C.
  • an effective breakdown of the halogenated hydrocarbons in the flue gas is achieved, the complete swirling of the flue gases caused by the flue gas accumulation simultaneously causing the strands of flue gas to dissolve completely before entering the afterburning zone.
  • the afterburning according to the invention brings about an additional braking of the flue gases before entering the afterburning zone. It is advantageous according to the invention if the fumes last for about 8 seconds.
  • the secondary air is preferably injected into the combustion chamber at a flow rate of approximately 60 to 90 m / s.
  • a combustion boiler 1 according to the invention in particular a waste incineration boiler, as shown in FIG. 1, consists of a combustion chamber 2, in the bottom of which a combustion grate 3 is arranged.
  • this is a roller grate that slopes downwards at an angle to the horizontal.
  • the roller grate consists of six rollers arranged one behind the other and running parallel to one another.
  • feeds 4 for supplying cold combustion air. So-called primary air, into the combustion zone 5 surrounding the grate 3.
  • the combustion air supplied via the feeds 4 is sucked out of the waste bunker by an underwind fan. This suction is carried out so that the dust load of the sucked air is as low as possible.
  • the air is preferably taken directly from the bunker wall on the boiler house side. Suitable measures ensure that the intake noises only slightly increase the sound level in the bunker.
  • the primary air intake ducts are provided with sufficiently large and easily accessible cleaning openings at the dust accumulation points.
  • In the combustion chamber 2 opens above the upper end of the combustion grate 3, seen in the direction of transport of the waste, see arrow X, a waste task 6.
  • the outlet opening 7 of the waste task 6 widens over inclined surfaces 8, 9 into the fire chamber 2.
  • the fire chamber 2 above the Combustion grate 3 consists of a lower section 2a, which is formed above the lower end of the grate in the region of an opening 10 forming the boiler outlet and the two lower rollers of the roller grate, so that this section is located approximately in the lower third of the combustion grate 3 and of one Ceiling wall 11, which runs parallel to the grate 3, is limited at the top.
  • the height of the section 2a above the combustion grate 3, i. H. above the rollers corresponds approximately to the diameter of the rollers.
  • the zone corresponds approximately to the cooling zone of the combustion slag.
  • the combustion chamber 2 widens upwards and opens into a flue gas outlet 12, the width of the flue gas outlet 12 corresponding to approximately half the length of the grate 3 and, for example, approximately 5 m in the exemplary embodiment shown, in an adaptation to it the desired combustion output of the combustion boiler 1 according to the invention.
  • the approximately horizontal connection opening 13 between the combustion chamber 2 and the flue gas outlet 12 is located directly above the mouth of the waste task 6 and forms a flow cross section that is symmetrical to the axis of the flue gas outlet.
  • the combustion chamber 2 has a rear wall 14, which extends vertically upward from the ceiling wall 11 and extends directly into the rear wall 15 of the flue gas outlet 12.
  • the front wall 16 of the flue gas extractor 12 runs parallel to its rear wall 15 and extends upwards from the end of the inclined surface 9, which adjoins the waste application 6.
  • the area of the flue gas outlet 12 directly in the flow direction of the flue gases behind the connection opening 13 has a throttle 17, which is also symmetrical to the flue gas outlet axis and, in the advantageous exemplary embodiment shown, is designed like a venturi tube.
  • This venturi tube-like zone 17 represents an afterburning chamber in which the flue gas mixture first accelerates to approx. 8 to 10 m / s and then decreases in speed to approx. 4 to 5 m / s. This results in relative movements within the flue gas flow, so that an intensive mixing of the flue gas and temperature strands takes place. This results in an improved combustion of the flue gas mixture and thus an increased breakdown of the residual pollutants contained therein, in particular the halogenated residual hydrocarbons contained therein (e.g. dioxins).
  • the smooth surface and relatively high design of the combustion chamber 2 with a preferably rectangular or square cross section above the drying and combustion zone of the combustion grate 3 without projections and noses prevents caking from occurring.
  • the configuration according to the invention enables a uniform flow of the flue gases and the formation of defined combustion zones, as a result of which the combustion behavior is improved in the sense of a uniform combustion.
  • a spraying device 18 is provided for further supply air.
  • This supply air supplied via the injection device 18 is referred to below as secondary air.
  • the injection device 18 is designed in such a way that the air jets emerging from it form a quasi gapless grille, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected secondary air.
  • This injection device 18 consists of a nozzle bar which extends transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and is mounted in the walls.
  • nozzle bar 18 Depending on the size of the cross section of the connection opening 13, two or more spaced, parallel nozzle bars 18 can also be provided.
  • a nozzle bar 18 according to the invention consists of a pressure-resistant, heat-resistant material and preferably has an approximately square or circular cross-section, nozzle openings 19 being formed in two adjacent sides and arranged in a line arrangement in the box sides 20, 21.
  • Such a nozzle bar is known per se from DE-PS 30 38 875, but in the present invention it acts in exactly the opposite direction to the direction of action according to DE-PS 30 38 875.
  • the nozzle bar 18 is arranged such that the sides of the box having the nozzle opening 19 20, 21 run obliquely to the flue gas discharge longitudinal axis, preferably at an internal angle of 45 °, facing the combustion chamber 2.
  • the emerging air jets form a gapless grille, so that no streak of flue gas can penetrate this area without coming into intensive contact with the injected air.
  • the direction of injection of the secondary air is opposite to the direction of extraction of the flue gas, so that turbulence and a separation of the flue gases are generated in the area in front of the throttle 17, which increases the residence time of the flue gases in this area, which has a temperature level of 900 ° C to 1050 ° C has, is additionally increased and a dwell time of the flue gases in this area of approximately 8 seconds is achieved. This ensures the degradation of the halogenated hydrocarbons.
  • the secondary air can escape from the nozzle openings 19 at a speed of over 60 to 90 m / s. Furthermore, the air injection means that the combustible constituents carried in the flue gases burn out completely in the upper combustion chamber zone as a result of the intensive supply of oxygen.
  • tertiary air nozzles 22 can advantageously be arranged in the front wall in the area of the inclined surface 9 shortly before the transition to the venturi-like zone 17 and in the rear wall 14 just above the end of the ceiling wall.
  • tertiary air is blown into the flue gas stream, preferably at a speed of more than 60 m / s. This is intended to achieve thorough mixing, the depth of penetration of the air jets and the distribution of the nozzles being dimensioned such that the flue gas stream, in particular in the wall area, is completely detected.
  • These nozzles are advantageous as a supplement to the nozzle bars 18, since with them in particular the areas in the vicinity of the walls are adequately penetrated with air in order to effect complete combustion in this area as well.
  • the secondary and tertiary air systems are completely separate from the primary air system.
  • the suction takes place through separate air blowers below the boiler ceiling.
  • all intake ducts and pressure-side air ducts are dimensioned so that the flow speed of 15 m / s is not exceeded.
  • the air ducts are sufficiently stiffened and the connections of the ducts and the suspensions on parts of the building, boiler and furnace structure are designed to be elastic and structure-borne noise-reducing.
  • the total NO x content in the flue gas can be reduced with complete combustion by the invention.
  • an ammonia system 24 is connected to the secondary air system.
  • the nitrogen oxide content is as follows, 5 to 10% NO 2 and 90 to 95% NO.
  • the invention ensures a uniform penetration of the flue gas with ammonia, both in the combustion chamber and in connection with the combustion chamber in the afterburning area of the venturi-like zone.
  • the invention also makes it possible to control or regulate the supply of the secondary air and / or the ammonia supply as a function of the temperature existing in the injection zone of the secondary air, which can be measured by temperature sensors attached to the nozzle bar.
  • the temperature can be increased or decreased by increasing or reducing the secondary air values.
  • the injection device preferably consists of two nozzle bars 18, which extend transversely to the direction of the flue gas flow from the front to the rear of the flue gas outlet 12 and are rotatably mounted in the walls by means of fixed and floating bearings.
  • the speed and direction of rotation of the nozzle bar can be steplessly controlled.
  • the flue gas generated on the roller grate 3 during combustion is mixed even more intensively, in particular by the rotating atmospheric oxygen. This preferably creates two counter-rotating fire rollers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Foyer de combustion, en particulier pour la combustion de déchets, comprenant une chambre de combustion (2) avec une grille de combustion (3) et un dispositif d'alimentation en déchets (6) agencé au-dessus de la grille de combustion (3), ainsi qu'un dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12), une ouverture de liaison (13) sensiblement horizontale étant prévue au-dessus de l'embouchure du dispositif d'alimentation en déchets (6), la section de passage de cette ouverture étant symétrique à l'axe du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12), une zone (17) en forme de tube de venturi, formée symétriquement à l'axe du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée, étant disposée immédiatement derrière l'ouverture de liaison (13) dans la direction de circulation des gaz de fumée et servant de chambre de combustion supplémentaire, au moins une colonne soufflante (18) étant disposée à l'intérieur de l'ouverture de liaison (13), avant l'entrée dans la zone en forme de tube de venturi (17) de manière à s'étendre transversalement à la direction du flux des gaz de fumée, de la face antérieure vers la face postérieure du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée, des ouvertures de soufflage par buse (19) orientées vers le foyer (2) étant agencées dans la colonne (18) de manière à ce que les jets d'air qui en sortent soient insufflés, avant que les gaz de fumée entrent dans la zone en forme de tube de venturi (17), dans une direction opposée à la direction de circulation de ces gaz et forment une grille quasi continue, ce qui exerce un freinage supplémentaire sur les gaz pour augmenter encore le temps de séjour des gaz dans la chambre de combustion.
  2. Foyer de combustion selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que la colonne soufflante (18) présente, dans les deux faces voisines (20, 21) de sa caisse orientées vers la chambre de combustion (2), et inclinées par rapport à l'axe longitudinal du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée, plusieurs ouvertures de soufflage par buses (19) agencées en ligne.
  3. Foyer de combustion, en particulier pour la combustion de déchets, comportant une chambre de combustion (2) avec une grille de combustion (3) et un dispositif d'alimentation en déchets (6) agencé au-dessus de la grille de combustion (3), ainsi qu'un dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12), une ouverture de liaison (13) sensiblement horizontale étant prévue entre la chambre de combustion (2) et le dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12) au-dessus de l'embouchure d'un dispositif d'alimentation en déchets (6), la section de passage de cette ouverture étant symétrique à l'axe du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12), une zone (17) en forme de tube de venturi étant agencée en tant que chambre de combustion supplémentaire immédiatement derrière l'ouverture de liaison (13) dans la direction de circulation des gaz de fumée, cette zone étant symétrique à l'axe du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée, au moins une colonne soufflante (18) étant disposée à l'intérieur de l'ouverture de liaison (13), avant l'entrée dans la zone en forme de tube de venturi (17), de manière à s'étendre transversalement à la direction du flux des gaz de fumée, de la face antérieure vers la face postérieure du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée, la colonne soufflante (18) étant disposée de manière rotative à l'intérieur des parois de la chambre de combustion (2) et entraînée par un dispositif d'entraînement, plusieurs ouvertures soufflantes (19) étant formées en ligne dans la colonne soufflante (18) de manière à ce que les jets d'air qui en sortent soient insufflés par voie circulaire avant l'entrée des gaz de fumée dans la zone en forme de tube de venturi (17).
  4. Foyer de combustion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que la colonne soufflante (18) est reliée à un dispositif d'amenée d'air et une installation de fourniture de gaz d'ammoniac (24).
  5. Foyer de combustion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé par le fait que deux colonnes soufflantes (18) sont disposées en parallèle de manière telle qu'entre elles et les parois voisines respectives (15, 16) du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12) les mêmes distances soient observées.
  6. Foyer de combustion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé par le fait que la chambre de combustion (2) possède des parois lisses et que sa section droite est adaptée à celle du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12), sa paroi postérieure (14) s'étendant dans la direction verticale parallèlement à l'axe du dispositif d'évacuation des gaz de fumée (12) et débouchant directement et en ligne droite dans celui-ci.
  7. Foyer de combustion selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé par le fait que, dans la chambre de combustion (2) sont situées des buses d'air tertiaire (22) qui sont disposées en ligne d'une part dans la paroi antérieure de la chambre de combustion (2) juste avant la transition vers la zone (17) en forme de tube de venturi et, d'autre part, dans la paroi postérieure (24) au-dessus de l'extrémité d'une paroi de couverture (11) s'étendant au-dessus de la grille de combustion (3) et parallèlement à celle-ci.
EP88105522A 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Procédé pour la combustion de déchets Expired - Lifetime EP0286077B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88105522T ATE70611T1 (de) 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Verfahren zum verbrennen von muell.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3712039 1987-04-09
DE19873712039 DE3712039A1 (de) 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Verbrennungskessel, insbesondere zur muellverbrennung
DE3716088 1987-05-14
DE19873716088 DE3716088A1 (de) 1987-04-09 1987-05-14 Verfahren zum verbrennen insbesondere von muell

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0286077A2 EP0286077A2 (fr) 1988-10-12
EP0286077A3 EP0286077A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0286077B1 EP0286077B1 (fr) 1991-12-18
EP0286077B2 true EP0286077B2 (fr) 1996-07-31

Family

ID=25854498

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88105522A Expired - Lifetime EP0286077B2 (fr) 1987-04-09 1988-04-07 Procédé pour la combustion de déchets

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (2) US4940006A (fr)
EP (1) EP0286077B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0656255B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE70611T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3716088A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2005521T5 (fr)

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CN103062757B (zh) * 2012-12-20 2016-07-06 北京中煤神州节能环保技术开发有限公司 分区多重强化燃烧链条锅炉
CN103032885B (zh) * 2012-12-20 2016-08-03 北京中煤神州节能环保技术开发有限公司 波形分离旋转飞灰燃烬装置
CN105849464B (zh) * 2013-11-08 2017-10-27 施政 调节燃烧器内的火焰特性
CN106642133B (zh) * 2017-01-06 2019-08-09 舟山旺能环保能源有限公司 一种垃圾综合利用系统
PL243551B1 (pl) * 2017-11-24 2023-09-11 Ics Ind Combustion Systems Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Sposób redukcji tlenków azotu oraz tlenku węgla w komorach paleniskowych kotłów wodnych i kotłów parowych, szczególnie kotłów rusztowych oraz układ do redukcji tlenków azotu i tlenku węgla w komorach paleniskowych kotłów wodnych i kotłów parowych, szczególnie kotłów rusztowych
JP7081407B2 (ja) 2018-09-11 2022-06-07 株式会社Ihi ボイラ
EP3896337A1 (fr) 2020-04-16 2021-10-20 General Electric Company Système de combustion pour une chaudière dotée d'un moyen de distribution de flux de carburant dans un brûleur et procédé de combustion
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JPS6137956Y2 (fr) * 1978-11-22 1986-11-04
DE2935494A1 (de) * 1979-09-03 1981-03-19 Saxlund, geb. Eriksen, Astrid Alice, 3040 Soltau Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer kesselanlage mit stokerfeuerung
DE3038875C2 (de) * 1980-10-15 1990-05-31 Vereinigte Kesselwerke AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Müllverbrennungsanlage
DE3125429A1 (de) * 1981-06-27 1983-02-03 Erk Eckrohrkessel Gmbh, 1000 Berlin "einrichtung zur durchmischung von gasstraehnen"
JPS5837415A (ja) * 1981-08-28 1983-03-04 株式会社　タクマ 低ＮＯｘ用ごみ焼却炉
DE3207433A1 (de) * 1982-03-02 1983-09-08 Rudolf Dr. 6800 Mannheim Wieser Wasserrohrkessel mit rostfeuerung
GB2136939B (en) * 1983-03-23 1986-05-08 Skf Steel Eng Ab Method for destroying refuse
JPS6036826A (ja) * 1983-09-05 1985-02-26 Hitachi Zosen Corp 蒸気吹込みによる焼却炉のＮＯｘ低減方法
US4589353A (en) * 1985-01-29 1986-05-20 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Wood burning furnace
JPH0799253B2 (ja) * 1986-01-21 1995-10-25 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 流動床炉の二次燃焼促進法
SE460737B (sv) * 1986-05-12 1989-11-13 Konstantin Mavroudis Panna foer fasta braenslen, foersedd med anordningar foer tillfoersel av sekundaerluft

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2005521T5 (es) 1996-10-16
JPH0656255B2 (ja) 1994-07-27
ATE70611T1 (de) 1992-01-15
DE3716088A1 (de) 1989-02-02
ES2005521T3 (es) 1992-07-01
DE3866919D1 (de) 1992-01-30
US4940006A (en) 1990-07-10
EP0286077A2 (fr) 1988-10-12
JPS63282414A (ja) 1988-11-18
ES2005521A4 (es) 1989-03-16
EP0286077A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0286077B1 (fr) 1991-12-18
US5009173A (en) 1991-04-23

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