EP0317514A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dokumentes, welches wenigstens zum Teil durch Photokopieren nicht reproduzierbar ist - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dokumentes, welches wenigstens zum Teil durch Photokopieren nicht reproduzierbar ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0317514A1
EP0317514A1 EP88810785A EP88810785A EP0317514A1 EP 0317514 A1 EP0317514 A1 EP 0317514A1 EP 88810785 A EP88810785 A EP 88810785A EP 88810785 A EP88810785 A EP 88810785A EP 0317514 A1 EP0317514 A1 EP 0317514A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iridescent
layers
deposited
layer
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88810785A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0317514B1 (de
Inventor
Paul Heinzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lipatec Etablissement
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Lipatec Etablissement
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Lipatec Etablissement filed Critical Lipatec Etablissement
Publication of EP0317514A1 publication Critical patent/EP0317514A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0317514B1 publication Critical patent/EP0317514B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • B41M3/144—Security printing using fluorescent, luminescent or iridescent effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
    • B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/08—Photoprinting; Processes and means for preventing photoprinting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/04—Preventing copies being made of an original
    • G03G21/043—Preventing copies being made of an original by using an original which is not reproducible or only reproducible with a different appearence, e.g. originals with a photochromic layer or a colour background
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S283/00—Printed matter
    • Y10S283/902—Anti-photocopy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/916—Fraud or tamper detecting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24851—Intermediate layer is discontinuous or differential
    • Y10T428/24868—Translucent outer layer

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a document comprising a medium carrying alpha-numeric or graphic information, at least part of which is not reproducible by photocopying.
  • a document comprising a medium, for example a film or a paper, bearing alpha-numeric or graphic information, prepared by manual writing, typewriter, photocopying, printing, telex or facsimile, can be reproduced by a large number of photocopying machines, without the knowledge of the information holder.
  • Illegal copying of documents is becoming more and more common in the economic, scientific, political and military fields and can cause irreparable financial or moral harm.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple and economical process for the production of documents which cannot be reproduced by office reproduction apparatus and which have good contrast for the human eye.
  • the method according to the present invention is characterized in that adjacent areas are formed on the surface of the non-reproducible part of the document support by the deposition of layers containing at least one iridescent substance and layers of dark.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery during research of the solution to the problem posed by the production of a non-reproducible document by photocopying, that by photocopying a layer containing one or more iridescent substances one always obtains, whatever the level of luminosity, a black copy, although the surface containing the iridescent substance (s) is colored.
  • a layer containing one or more iridescent substances one always obtains, whatever the level of luminosity, a black copy, although the surface containing the iridescent substance (s) is colored.
  • iridescent substance is meant a substance which, according to the principle of diffraction of light by thin layers, causes, depending on the angle of observation, reflections whose colors cover the rainbow spectrum of the decomposed white light.
  • pearlescent pigments composed of thin platelets mica coated with a thin layer of titanium dioxide. Interference colors are formed by refraction and reflection of light on the layer of titanium dioxide with a high refractive index. Each colored shade results from a defined thickness of the layer of titanium dioxide.
  • the successive coating of the mica with titanium dioxide and an additional dye, such as iron oxide (III) or chromium oxide (III) leads to iridescent pigments with bright colored effects combining the action pearlescent pigment and coloring pigment.
  • Such pigments allow metallic effects to be achieved without being exposed to the disadvantages of metals or their alloys.
  • the particle size range determines the effect. Large particles give a glittery effect, while finer particles give a rather silky luster.
  • the iridescent pigments we can cite, for example, the Irodins manufactured by E.Merck, D-6100 Darmstadt, and the Merlin Luster Pigments manufactured by The Mearl Corporation, New York, NY, USA .
  • iridescent pigments can be enhanced by placing the layer containing one or more iridescent substances on a dark colored substrate.
  • Layers containing one or more iridescent substances can be prepared according to techniques known in the printing and coating field, for example, heliographic printing, offset printing or coating with Mayerbar. in the form of a single layer over the entire surface of the non-reproducible part of the document, either in the form of alpha-numeric or graphic information. It is also possible to deposit the layers containing at least one substance iridescent in the form of a frame or any other motif.
  • the dark colored layers can be deposited by known techniques, in most cases in the form of alpha-numeric or graphic information, for example by manual or mechanical writing, or even by printing, such as offset or Gravure printing. Dark layers can also be formed by non-mechanical printing, such as inkjet, laser printer, photocopying or thermal transfer techniques. They can also be deposited by chemical reaction, such as whether found in silver photography, diazotics or carbon-free chemical papers. More information on these chemical processes can be found in GB 1 298 194, US 4,137,084 and US 4,162,165 .
  • Figures 1 to 4 schematically illustrate, by way of nonlimiting examples, four of the possible modes of implementing the method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents, in section, a part of the part which cannot be reproduced by photocopying of a document obtained by a first mode of implementation of the method.
  • This mode consists in depositing on a support l, white or colored, a single layer 2 containing at least one iridescent substance.
  • the layers 3, of dark color, are then deposited on the coated support l, in the form of desired information, for example, by manual writing, by photocopying, if the support l is introduced coated in a photocopier instead of normal paper, or offset printing on the coated support.
  • the document thus prepared cannot be photocopied, since any photocopy of such a document only gives a black copy without information.
  • FIG. 2 represents, in section, a part of the part which cannot be reproduced by photocopying of a document obtained by a second mode of implementation of the method.
  • This mode consists in depositing on a support l, white or colored, first a single layer 4, of dark color, on which a single layer 2 is then deposited containing at least one iridescent substance and, on it, layers 3 of dark color, in the form of desired alpha-numeric or graphic information.
  • the presence of layer 4 enhances the effect of the iridescent substance or substances contained in layer 2, so that a photocopy of the document thus obtained will be even darker than that of the document shown in FIG. 1, hence greater security against any improper reproduction.
  • FIG. 3 represents, in section, a part of the part which cannot be reproduced by photocopying a document obtained by a third mode of implementation of the method.
  • This mode consists in depositing layers 3, white or colored, , dark in color, in the form of desired information. Then, over layers 3, by means of a self-adhesive adhesive 5, a single layer 2 containing at least one iridescent substance, previously deposited on one side of a layer, is deposited. transparent film 6. The assembly formed of film 6, layer 2 and adhesive 5, prepared in advance by coating one face of film 6 with layer 2, then this one with a layer of adhesive 5, is laminated to the support 1.
  • This mode of implementation of the method therefore lends itself particularly to protection against reproduction of an existing document. By using a repositionable adhesive, an existing document reproducible by photocopy, can be rendered , in whole or in part, not reproducible and then reproducible again.
  • FIG. 4 represents, in section, a part of the non-reproducible part by photocopying of a document obtained by a fourth mode of implementation of the method.
  • This mode consists in depositing on a white or colored support, a single layer 3, dark in color, then deposit, on this layer 3, layers 2 containing at least one iridescent substance, in the form of desired alpha-numeric or graphic information.
  • the layers 2 are formed by printing at using com ink taking at least one iridescent pigment. They can also be formed by xerography, each by means of a layer of powder toner to which the layer containing at least one iridescent substance is thermally transferred, from a special film. such transfer process is marketed by Omnicrom Systems Ltd., GB- Bolton. Photocopying a document obtained by this mode of implementation of the process, gives a black surface with no image trace.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
EP88810785A 1987-11-20 1988-11-16 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dokumentes, welches wenigstens zum Teil durch Photokopieren nicht reproduzierbar ist Expired - Lifetime EP0317514B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4518/87 1987-11-20
CH4518/87A CH672687A5 (de) 1987-11-20 1987-11-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0317514A1 true EP0317514A1 (de) 1989-05-24
EP0317514B1 EP0317514B1 (de) 1992-07-22

Family

ID=4277596

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88810785A Expired - Lifetime EP0317514B1 (de) 1987-11-20 1988-11-16 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dokumentes, welches wenigstens zum Teil durch Photokopieren nicht reproduzierbar ist

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5087507A (de)
EP (1) EP0317514B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01155381A (de)
AU (1) AU2569788A (de)
CH (1) CH672687A5 (de)
DE (1) DE3873034T2 (de)

Cited By (12)

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FR2646183A1 (en) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-26 Tucherer Laurent Non-photocopiable document
EP0467067A3 (en) * 1990-07-18 1992-05-06 Heinrich Bauer Verlag Printing support and printing process with such support
FR2670812A1 (fr) * 1990-12-21 1992-06-26 Arjomari Europ Feuille imprimable pour fabriquer des documents de securite comportant un moyen contre la contrefacon ou d'authentification.
EP0657297A1 (de) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-14 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Sicherheitsdokument mit einem durchsichtigen oder durchscheinenden Träger und mit darin enthaltenden Interferenzpigmenten
WO1995016224A1 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-15 Agfa-Gevaert Naamloze Vennootschap Opaque document containing interference pigments providing easy verification and protection against photo-copying
EP0775589A1 (de) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-28 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Laminiertes Sicherheitsdokument, das einen fluoreszierenden Farbstoff enthält
FR2782470A1 (fr) * 1998-08-19 2000-02-25 Imprimerie Nationale Procede d'impression d'un support premettant de controler son authenticite
RU2326005C2 (ru) * 2003-02-13 2008-06-10 Кба-Жиори С.А. Способ печати элемента защиты от подделок и элемент защиты
WO2010022952A1 (de) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Binäres kippbild
EP2465703A2 (de) 2010-12-17 2012-06-20 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Strukturiertes Colorshift-Sicherheitselement
US10061065B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2018-08-28 Viavi Solutions Inc. Interference pigments or foils as separate structures having color match or mismatch depending on viewing angle
EP3594012A1 (de) 2018-07-12 2020-01-15 Giesecke+Devrient Mobile Security GmbH Wertdokument mit optischem sicherheitsmerkmal

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US8090141B2 (en) 2006-01-31 2012-01-03 Xerox Corporation System and method to automatically establish preferred area for image-wise watermark
GB2457241A (en) * 2008-02-05 2009-08-12 Sun Chemical Ltd Printing ink or varnish for printing value documents
FR3004470B1 (fr) * 2013-04-11 2015-05-22 Arjowiggins Security Element de securite comportant un pigment interferentiel et une charge nanometrique.
FR3004471B1 (fr) 2013-04-11 2015-10-23 Arjowiggins Security Element de securite comportant une structure de masquage contenant un melange de charges nanometriques.
DE102014115045A1 (de) * 2014-10-16 2016-04-21 Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg Druckerzeugnis mit optischem Sicherheitsmerkmal
JP6671103B2 (ja) * 2015-02-23 2020-03-25 共同印刷株式会社 フォトクロミック光輝性顔料及びその製造方法

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Cited By (20)

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FR2646183A1 (en) * 1989-04-19 1990-10-26 Tucherer Laurent Non-photocopiable document
EP0467067A3 (en) * 1990-07-18 1992-05-06 Heinrich Bauer Verlag Printing support and printing process with such support
FR2670812A1 (fr) * 1990-12-21 1992-06-26 Arjomari Europ Feuille imprimable pour fabriquer des documents de securite comportant un moyen contre la contrefacon ou d'authentification.
EP0493231A1 (de) * 1990-12-21 1992-07-01 Arjo Wiggins S.A. Bedruckbarer Bogen zur Herstellung von Sicherheitsdokumenten mit einem Mittel gegen Nachahmung oder für Beglaubigung
EP0657297A1 (de) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-14 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Sicherheitsdokument mit einem durchsichtigen oder durchscheinenden Träger und mit darin enthaltenden Interferenzpigmenten
WO1995016224A1 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-15 Agfa-Gevaert Naamloze Vennootschap Opaque document containing interference pigments providing easy verification and protection against photo-copying
WO1995015856A1 (en) * 1993-12-10 1995-06-15 Agfa-Gevaert Naamloze Vennootschap Security document having a transparent or translucent support and containing interference pigments
US6210777B1 (en) 1993-12-10 2001-04-03 Agfa-Gevaert Security document having a transparent or translucent support and containing interference pigments
EP0775589A1 (de) * 1995-11-23 1997-05-28 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Laminiertes Sicherheitsdokument, das einen fluoreszierenden Farbstoff enthält
FR2782470A1 (fr) * 1998-08-19 2000-02-25 Imprimerie Nationale Procede d'impression d'un support premettant de controler son authenticite
RU2326005C2 (ru) * 2003-02-13 2008-06-10 Кба-Жиори С.А. Способ печати элемента защиты от подделок и элемент защиты
WO2010022952A1 (de) * 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Binäres kippbild
DE102008044809A1 (de) 2008-08-28 2010-03-04 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Binäres Kippbild
EP2465703A2 (de) 2010-12-17 2012-06-20 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Strukturiertes Colorshift-Sicherheitselement
DE102010054854A1 (de) 2010-12-17 2012-06-21 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Strukturiertes Colorshift-Sicherheitselement
EP2465703A3 (de) * 2010-12-17 2013-04-03 Giesecke & Devrient GmbH Strukturiertes Colorshift-Sicherheitselement
US10061065B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2018-08-28 Viavi Solutions Inc. Interference pigments or foils as separate structures having color match or mismatch depending on viewing angle
US11079525B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2021-08-03 Viavi Solutions Inc. Matched interference pigments or foils having viewing angle dependent mismatch
EP3594012A1 (de) 2018-07-12 2020-01-15 Giesecke+Devrient Mobile Security GmbH Wertdokument mit optischem sicherheitsmerkmal
DE102018005551A1 (de) 2018-07-12 2020-01-16 Giesecke+Devrient Mobile Security Gmbh Wertdokument mit optischem Sicherheitsmerkmal

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JPH01155381A (ja) 1989-06-19
CH672687A5 (de) 1989-12-15
US5087507A (en) 1992-02-11
DE3873034T2 (de) 1993-02-11
DE3873034D1 (de) 1992-08-27
AU2569788A (en) 1989-05-25
EP0317514B1 (de) 1992-07-22

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