EP0351883A2 - Bougie à incandescence - Google Patents

Bougie à incandescence Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0351883A2
EP0351883A2 EP89113620A EP89113620A EP0351883A2 EP 0351883 A2 EP0351883 A2 EP 0351883A2 EP 89113620 A EP89113620 A EP 89113620A EP 89113620 A EP89113620 A EP 89113620A EP 0351883 A2 EP0351883 A2 EP 0351883A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
coil
control coil
resistance
plug according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89113620A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0351883B1 (fr
EP0351883A3 (en
Inventor
Bertram Dipl.-Ing. Dupuis
Max Dipl.-Ing. Endler (Fh)
Paul Bauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3825013A external-priority patent/DE3825013A1/de
Application filed by BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG, Beru Werk Albert Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG filed Critical BERU Ruprecht GmbH and Co KG
Priority to AT89113620T priority Critical patent/ATE103058T1/de
Publication of EP0351883A2 publication Critical patent/EP0351883A2/fr
Publication of EP0351883A3 publication Critical patent/EP0351883A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0351883B1 publication Critical patent/EP0351883B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug as described in the preamble of the main claim.
  • the glow plugs mentioned take a certain amount of time to heat up to their working temperature. Only then can the internal combustion engine be started. This period of time, also known as the preheating time, is quite short for the candle mentioned. Nevertheless, it is still relatively long compared to the petrol engine, which is immediately ready to start.
  • the control coil is usually made of pure nickel, with a resistance ratio of about 7, based on a temperature ratio of 20 ° / 1000 ° C. that is, the resistance at 1000 ° C is about 7 times that at 20 ° C.
  • glow plugs can be produced whose heating-up time is in the range of approximately 5 to 6 seconds;
  • the temperature at the glow tube tip is then about 850 ° C, while after about 10 seconds a steady-state temperature of about 1140 ° C at nominal voltage is reached.
  • the object of the invention is to provide glow plugs, the heating-up time of which, while avoiding the disadvantages known from the prior art previously known glow plugs is significantly reduced, while at the same time ensuring a sufficient lifespan for the glow plugs. At the same time, such glow plugs should be easy to manufacture and make the use of control units to solve the task at hand unnecessary.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such glow plugs.
  • a resistance coil with a higher resistance is used as the control coil, it is not possible to achieve the desired shortening of the heating-up time if one aims at a steady-state temperature of around 1000 ° C.
  • Suitable materials are not, as is known from the prior art, pure nickel, but, for example, alloys of nickel / iron and cobalt / iron, in particular cobalt / iron, preferably alloys according to claims 7 and 8.
  • Glow plugs designed according to the invention show a behavior according to FIG. 2 with respect to their surface temperature as a function of time Example shown, the glow plug from the prior art has reached the glow plug tip temperature of 850 ° after about 8 seconds, the glow plug according to the invention reaches this temperature after about 3 to 4 seconds.
  • the glow plug according to the invention is "braked" very strongly with respect to the surface temperature and adjusts to a steady-state temperature according to FIG. 2 of about 1000 °, while the glow plug from the prior art has a steady-state temperature of about above 1150 °.
  • the low steady-state temperature of the glow plug according to the invention not only decisively improves the life of the glow plug; Above all, it also makes it possible to use this candle to afterglow the running engine with a higher generator voltage (up to 13 volts at the candle) without destroying the heating and control coil; This possibility of afterglow is of great importance for reducing the pollutants in the exhaust gas of diesel engines. In this way, the elaborate electrical or electronic controls that are otherwise to be provided are eliminated when afterglow.
  • FIG. 3 A typical embodiment of the glow plug according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • Glow plug 1 designed as a closed glow tube, usually consists of corrosion-resistant material, preferably Inconel 600 or 601.
  • a spiral combination 2/3 is embedded in a thermally conductive insulating material 4 (for example magnesium oxide) in this protective tube.
  • a thermally conductive insulating material 4 for example magnesium oxide
  • the front section 2 of the coils arranged one behind the other is referred to as the heating coil and consists of a wire material with a low positive or negative temperature coefficient, preferably of a chrome / aluminum / iron wire.
  • the diameter of the wire is more common as 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
  • the heating coil 2 is usually connected to the control coil 3 by welding.
  • the control coil consists of an alloy of cobalt / iron, the cobalt content in the alloy being approximately 75% and the rest being iron;
  • this control coil 3 initially has a lower increase in resistance, while the resistance rises steeply in the range of the filament wire temperature from approximately 400 to approximately 900 °.
  • the desired steady-state temperature is also established according to the invention after about 8 seconds.
  • the annealing temperature of around 850 ° C is already reached after two to five seconds.
  • the diameter of the control coil in this embodiment is approximately 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
  • control coil is divided into the two sections 3 and 6, section 3 consisting of a material with the steep increase in resistance in the temperature range mentioned, while section 6 consists of a coil known per se made of e.g. B. consists of pure nickel.
  • section 3 consisting of a material with the steep increase in resistance in the temperature range mentioned
  • section 6 consists of a coil known per se made of e.g. B. consists of pure nickel.
  • the glow plug according to the invention functions particularly effectively when the control coil consists of a cobalt / iron alloy, this alloy containing 23-25% by weight iron, the rest cobalt. This applies in particular if the iron content is about 25% by weight, the rest is cobalt.
  • the advantage of using the pure alloys Co Fe 23 to Co Fe 25 lies in the relatively small increase in resistance up to 800 ° C, which results in rapid heating up, and the jump characteristic of the temperature coefficient, which occurs at around 825 ° C, which results in an effective reduction. It was found that the upper limit temperature of the heating coils is 1060 ° C; due to the inventive control characteristic of the control coil according to the invention, no further components are required to prevent this upper limit temperature from being exceeded.
  • control coil is divided into two sections, the section adjacent to the heating coil consisting of the control coil material described and the other section being a known coil made of pure nickel, and if control and Heating coil are arranged practically completely in the part of the tube that serves as a glow plug and is free of adjacent, heat-extracting components.
  • Suitable materials are not, as is known from the prior art, pure nickel but, for example, alloys of nickel / iron and cobalt / iron, in particular cobalt / iron according to claim 1 and claim 2.
  • the glow plug according to the invention works particularly effectively when the control spiral alloy (with the same composition or the same degree of purity) was not produced by melting processes but by sintering.
  • Glow plugs correspondingly designed according to the invention show a behavior according to FIG. 2 with regard to their surface temperature as a function of time. While in the example shown the glow plug from the prior art reached the glow plug tip temperature of 850 ° C. after about 8 seconds, the glow plug according to the invention reaches this temperature after about 3 to 4 seconds. In addition, it follows qualitatively from the illustration that the glow plug according to the invention is "braked" very strongly with respect to the surface temperature and adjusts to a steady-state temperature according to FIG. 2 of about 1000 ° C., while the glow-plug from the prior art has a steady-state temperature of about 1150 ° C.
  • the low steady-state temperature of the glow plug according to the invention not only decisively improves the life of the glow plug; Above all, it also makes it possible to use this candle to afterglow the running engine with a higher generator voltage (up to 13 volts at the candle) without destroying the heating and control coil; This possibility of afterglow is of great importance for reducing the pollutants in the exhaust gas of diesel engines. In this way, the elaborate electrical or electronic controls that are otherwise to be provided are eliminated when afterglow.
  • FIG. 3 A typical embodiment of the glow plug according to the invention is shown in FIG. 3.
  • Glow plug 1 designed as a closed glow tube, usually consists of corrosion-resistant material, preferably Inconel 600 or 601.
  • a spiral combination 2/3 is embedded in a thermally conductive insulating material 4 (for example magnesium oxide) in this protective tube.
  • a thermally conductive insulating material 4 for example magnesium oxide
  • the front section 2 of the coils arranged one behind the other is referred to as the heating coil and consists of a wire material with a low positive or negative temperature coefficient, preferably of a chrome / aluminum / iron wire.
  • the diameter of the wire is usually 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
  • the heating coil 2 is usually connected to the control coil 3 by welding.
  • the control coil consists of an alloy of cobalt / iron, the cobalt content in the alloy being approximately 75% and the rest being iron;
  • this control coil 3 initially has a lower increase in resistance, while the resistance rises steeply in the range of the filament wire temperature from approximately 400 to approximately 900 °.
  • the desired steady-state temperature is also established according to the invention after about 8 seconds.
  • the annealing temperature of around 850 ° C is already reached after two to five seconds.
  • the diameter of the control coil in this embodiment is approximately 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
  • FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 4.
  • the resistance characteristic curve can be adapted according to the invention with regard to the use of the glow plug.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP89113620A 1988-07-22 1989-07-24 Bougie à incandescence Expired - Lifetime EP0351883B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89113620T ATE103058T1 (de) 1988-07-22 1989-07-24 Gluehkerze.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3825013 1988-07-22
DE3825013A DE3825013A1 (de) 1988-07-22 1988-07-22 Gluehkerze
DE3923582A DE3923582C2 (de) 1988-07-22 1989-07-17 Glühkerze
DE3923582 1989-07-17

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0351883A2 true EP0351883A2 (fr) 1990-01-24
EP0351883A3 EP0351883A3 (en) 1990-07-11
EP0351883B1 EP0351883B1 (fr) 1994-03-16

Family

ID=25870399

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89113620A Expired - Lifetime EP0351883B1 (fr) 1988-07-22 1989-07-24 Bougie à incandescence

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0351883B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3923582C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2051330T3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0607872A3 (fr) * 1993-01-14 1995-04-19 Nippon Denso Co Bougie à incandescence pour moteur diesel.
EP0766044A1 (fr) * 1995-09-09 1997-04-02 Vacuumschmelze GmbH Matériau pour la bobine de commande d'une bougie à flamme
EP0749133A3 (fr) * 1995-04-26 1997-10-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Matériau pour la bobine d'une bougie à incandescence

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE545173C (de) * 1928-10-13 1932-02-26 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Material fuer Reibungsbeanspruchung unterworfene, vorzugsweise elektrischen Strom fuehrende Teile von technischen Anordnungen
DE671071C (de) * 1935-09-13 1939-01-31 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Duktilitaet von Legierungen auf der Basis Eisen-Kobalt
DE2802625C3 (de) * 1978-01-21 1985-07-18 BERU Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, 7140 Ludwigsburg Glühkerze
US4423309A (en) * 1982-06-28 1983-12-27 General Motors Corporation Quick heat self regulating electric glow heater
JPS59231321A (ja) * 1983-06-13 1984-12-26 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 自己制御型グロ−プラグ
DE3502525C2 (de) * 1985-01-25 1993-11-11 Beru Werk Ruprecht Gmbh Co A Glühelement
DE3713532C2 (de) * 1987-04-22 1995-09-07 Ngk Spark Plug Co Glühkerze

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0607872A3 (fr) * 1993-01-14 1995-04-19 Nippon Denso Co Bougie à incandescence pour moteur diesel.
EP0749133A3 (fr) * 1995-04-26 1997-10-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh Matériau pour la bobine d'une bougie à incandescence
EP0766044A1 (fr) * 1995-09-09 1997-04-02 Vacuumschmelze GmbH Matériau pour la bobine de commande d'une bougie à flamme

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58907209D1 (de) 1994-04-21
EP0351883B1 (fr) 1994-03-16
ES2051330T3 (es) 1994-06-16
DE3923582A1 (de) 1991-03-14
DE3923582C2 (de) 1993-11-18
EP0351883A3 (en) 1990-07-11

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