EP0363232B1 - Verfahren zur Realisierung eines strukturierten Bauteiles mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Realisierung eines strukturierten Bauteiles mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0363232B1
EP0363232B1 EP89402349A EP89402349A EP0363232B1 EP 0363232 B1 EP0363232 B1 EP 0363232B1 EP 89402349 A EP89402349 A EP 89402349A EP 89402349 A EP89402349 A EP 89402349A EP 0363232 B1 EP0363232 B1 EP 0363232B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
producing
temperature
component according
blank
rolling
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP89402349A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0363232A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Joyeux
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TECPHY
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TECPHY
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/01—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves between rams and anvils or abutments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a process for producing metal parts made up of a thin wall and having a three-dimensional shape, and more particularly structural parts having a high mechanical strength allowing them to withstand high stresses.
  • the invention applies in particular to the production of elongated structural parts and of large dimensions such as the spars of engine-carrying masts in the aeronautical industry.
  • masts which must be large enough to keep the reactor at the desired distance from its support, while remaining light enough not to weigh down excessively. 'apparatus.
  • these parts must withstand very large and variable mechanical stresses and this, with perfect safety, given that they are parts of vital importance.
  • These parts are therefore given a three-dimensional shape determined so as to obtain the desired dimensions, weight and resistance and to reduce the welds as much as possible.
  • a mast reactor carrier for example, we often use parts in the form of longitudinal members each consisting of a thin wall of elongated shape and stiffened at its edges by raised wings which give it a U-shaped cross section, but other shapes are conceivable.
  • the composition of the metal is determined to best resist various mechanical or thermal stresses or corrosion with as low a weight as possible and generally use highly alloyed steels of Fe-Ni-Cr or Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo base. , other compositions being possible however.
  • the metal must have a specific metallurgical structure and in particular a very fine-grained structure, for example finer than index 6 of the AFNOR standard (or ASTM). ).
  • Die-stamping in fact, is the technique generally used for the manufacture of solid parts meeting severe requirements, but the power of the press obviously depends on the dimensions of the part to be produced. To decrease the necessary power, the part is subjected to a preheating making it possible to reduce the resistance to deformation of the metal. This necessarily results in a modification of the metallurgical structure and in particular a magnification of the grain which is then attenuated by the stamping and, possibly, a heat treatment.
  • the most banal method obviously consists in cutting from a laminated sheet having the desired thickness, blanks having a profile determined according to of the shape to be obtained and to subject each blank, optionally after reheating, to a press-type deformation of the stamping type to obtain a part having the desired three-dimensional shape.
  • Such a process is obviously very economical but, until now, it has been used essentially for parts produced in very large numbers such as for example in automobile bodywork. Such parts do not have to meet very severe resistance requirements and, moreover, are made of very thin sheet metal.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a new method of manufacturing structural parts of large dimensions and intended to withstand high stresses using medium power presses, for example not exceeding 15 tonnes (15 x 107N) and in guaranteeing however the obtaining of the specific metallurgical structure necessary to obtain the required performances.
  • the shape of the part, its thickness and its specific metallurgical structure are obtained in several separate operations according to claim 1.
  • the blank is made of high-alloy steel in which at least the highest content of additives exceeds 5%, or of a basic austenitic alloy Fe-Ni-Cr or Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo and the final heat treatment is a treatment for dissolving the metal under conditions determined so as not to cause changes in the fineness of the grain of the part obtained.
  • the blank is made of highly alloyed steel of the Maraging type, that is to say of martensitic structure, hardened by structural hardening, this steel possibly being a Fe-Ni-Co-Mo- base steel.
  • this steel possibly being a Fe-Ni-Co-Mo- base steel.
  • Ti hardened by precipitation of phases rich in titanium and / or molybdenum, in Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-Al base steel hardened by precipitation in phases rich in aluminum and / or titanium or Fe-Cr- base steel Ni-Cu- or Fe-Cr-Mo-Ni-Cu hardened by the precipitation of copper-rich phases.
  • the rolling conditions are adjusted so as to give the rolled product, from this step, the desired metallurgical structure and the temperature of the metal is adjusted, during all of the following operations, to a level sufficiently low to that said specific structure is not modified.
  • the rolling conditions are controlled so as to give the product a determined metallurgical structure and the reheating preceding the drawing is carried out at a temperature adjusted so as to obtain the specific structure desired, the temperature of the metal being adjusted, during all these operations, to a level at most equal to the temperature of final heat treatment, that is to say the solution temperature.
  • the desired metallurgical structure can be obtained, during rolling, by controlling the temperature during successive rolling passes, these preferably comprising a large portion, for example greater than 25% of the reduction in thickness. performed, at a relatively low temperature, for example less than 950 ° C., these two parameters depending on the composition of the alloy.
  • the deformation carried out with the press to obtain the desired shape will be carried out without appreciable reduction in the thickness obtained by rolling and may be, depending on the case, either a true stamping, or even a simple folding with the hurry.
  • the invention therefore differs from the stamping used hitherto for the production of such parts by the way in which one obtains not only the shape but also the metallurgical structure required.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents all of the operations for manufacturing a structural part according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 gives by way of example the shape of a part produced by the method of the invention.
  • This draft can be obtained by example by forging a metal ingot of suitable composition or by direct casting of a flat product.
  • the blank is rolled to a thickness equal to or slightly greater than the thickness desired for the final part.
  • This rolling is carried out by successive or alternating passes in one or more rolling mill stands 10 provided with the improvements necessary to precisely adjust all of the rolling parameters on each pass.
  • the rolling cycle in particular the number of passes, the reduction in thickness and the temperature, can thus be determined so that the product has a specific metallurgical structure which corresponds to the structure required for the part or else makes it possible to obtain this structure during reheating preceding the subsequent deformation with the press.
  • part of the reduction is carried out at a relatively low temperature.
  • This ingot the thickness of which, after rough forging, can be between 200 and 250 mm, is rolled into a sheet of thickness approximately 30 mm, therefore with a reduction in thickness of around 87%.
  • the rolling conditions, and in particular the number of passes, the temperature of the product and the reduction rate at each pass, are adjusted so that the sheet obtained has a metallurgical structure such that, following the reheating preceding the deformation subsequent to the press, the grain size is finer than the AFNOR index 6.
  • part of the reduction of at least 25% is carried out at a temperature below 950 ° C.
  • the sheet thus laminated is then cut into one or more blanks having the desired shape.
  • the final part is produced by heating it and then deforming it into the third dimension without any significant change in thickness and therefore with an average press power.
  • the reheating temperature must, in particular, remain lower or, at most equal to the heat treatment temperature of the alloy, that is to say its dissolution temperature.
  • each blank is preheated to a temperature of 900 ° C., which constitutes a dissolution of the alloy considered and determines a grain size thinner than AFNOR index 6.
  • This temperature remains, however, sufficient to allow stamping or folding of the blank by means of a moderate power press, for example 12,000 T (12 x 107 N).
  • the size of the grain obtained in the sheet is finer than the index 6 of AFNOR and that it is uniform over its entire extent.
  • the invention does not make it possible to produce all the shapes that can be obtained by stamping, but experience has shown that a large number of parts thus produced up to now and in particular the spars of masts reactors have shapes which allow them to be manufactured by the process according to the invention.
  • the stamping operation can be replaced by any forming operation by deformation of a dish requiring only medium power, such as, for example, folding with a press.
  • the invention makes it possible to replace the forging of massive semi-finished products by means of a very powerful press by rolling, cutting and stamping or folding.
  • a medium power press the fineness of the grain can be perfectly controlled during the rolling operation by limiting the preheating temperature for stamping, which improves the reliability of the parts thus produced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Strukturbauteilen (20), die höhere Beanspruchung aushalten können und die eine metallurgische Struktur mit sehr geringer Korngröße aufweisen, wobei man von einem stark legierten Metallrohling ausgeht, der nach einer Wiedererwärmung verformt wird, um ein dreidimensionales Bauteil zu erhalten, dessen Dicke 10 mm überschreiten und dessen Länge mehrere Meter erreichen kann, gekennzeichnet zunächst durch ein Walzen des Rohlings zum Erhalt eines Flachteils (1) mit der gewünschten Dicke, durch das Ausschneiden des genannten Flachteils (1) in wenigstens ein Plättchen (2) und die Deformation durch Kümpeln oder einfaches Falten dieses Plättchens (2) zum Erhalt eines Bauteils (20) der gewünschten Form, wobei die Walzbedingungen so geregelt sind, daß die Platte (1) eine bestimmte metallurgische Struktur erhält, wobei die Temperatur des Metalls während des gesamten Verfahrens und insbesondere beim Walzen und bei der Wiedererwärmung vor dem Kümpeln so eingestellt wird, daß man schließlich die gewünschte spezifische metallurgische Struktur mit sehr geringer Korngröße erhält und wobei schließlich das Bauteil (20) nach dem Kümpeln einer thermischen Endbehandlung unter bestimmten Bedingungen derart unterworfen wird, daß die spezifische, so erhaltene metallurgische Struktur endgültig beibehalten wird.
  2. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteile mit einer Struktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rohling aus stark legiertem Stahl besteht, in welchem der größte Gehaltsanteil an Zusatzelementen 5 % übersteigt oder aus einer austenitischen Legierung der Basis Fe-Ni-Cr oder Fe-Ni-Cr-Mo und daß die thermische Schlußbehandlung ain Lösungsglühen des Metalls unter vorgegebenen Bedingungen derart ist, daß keine Änderung der durch die Walzprozesse erhaltenen Kornfeinheit veranlaßt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Rohling aus einem stark legierten Stahl des Typs Maraging besteht, d.h. einer durch strukturale Härtung gehärteten martensitischen Struktur, wobei der Stahl ein Stahl auf der Basis Fe-Ni-Co-Mo-Ti sein kann, der durch Titan- und/oder Molybdän-reiche Phasenausscheidung gehärtet ist, oder aber Stahl auf der Basis Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-Al, der durch Aluminium- und/oder Titan-reiche Phasenausscheidung gehärtet ist, oder aber ein Stahl auf der Basis Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu oder Fe-Cr-Mo-Ni-Cu, der durch Kupfer-reiche Phasenausscheidung gehärtet ist,
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Walsbedingungen derart steuert, daß dem gewalzten Produkt (1) bereits von diesem Schritt an die gewünschte spezielle metallurgische Struktur gegeben wird und daß die Temperatur des Metalls während aller aufeinanderfolgenden Verfahrensschritte auf einem genügend niedrigen Niveau eingestellt wird, derart, daß die spezifische Struktur nicht modifiziert wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Walzbedingungen derart steuert, daß dem Produkt (1) eine vorgegebene metallurgische Struktur gegeben wird und daß man die Wiedererwärmung vor dem Kümpeln auf eine Temperatur regelt, um die spezifische gewünschte Struktur zu erhalten, wobei die Temperatur des Metalls während aller Verfahrensschritte auf ein Niveau begrenzt ist, das höchstens gleich der Temperatur der thermischen Schlußbehandlung ist.
  6. Verfahren nach eine der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die spezifische metallurgische Struktur eine Schliffstruktur mit sehr feiner Körnung unterhalb des Index 6 AFNOR, ist.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die gewünschte metallurgische Struktur insbesondere durch Steuerung der Temperatur im Verlauf der Walzschrttte realisiert, welche zu der Platte führen, aus der man anschließend das zu verformende Plättchen ausschneidet.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen wesentlichen Teil der Dickenreduzierung während der Walzschritte bei einer relativ niedrigen Temperatur durchführt, wobei diese Reduzierung und diese Temperatur von der Komposition der Legierung abhängen.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß beim Auswalzen wenigstens 25 % der Dickenreduzierung bei Temperaturen unterhalb 950°C bewirkt wird.
  10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Strukturbauteils, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Deformation durch eine Presse (3) erfolgen kann, deren Kraft 15000 t nicht übersteigt.
  11. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Strukturbauteils nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Deformation eine einfache Pressenfalzung ist.
EP89402349A 1988-08-29 1989-08-28 Verfahren zur Realisierung eines strukturierten Bauteiles mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit Expired - Lifetime EP0363232B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8811337A FR2635700B1 (fr) 1988-08-29 1988-08-29 Procede de realisation d'une piece de structure a haute resistance mecanique
FR8811337 1988-08-29

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EP0363232A1 EP0363232A1 (de) 1990-04-11
EP0363232B1 true EP0363232B1 (de) 1994-07-13

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EP89402349A Expired - Lifetime EP0363232B1 (de) 1988-08-29 1989-08-28 Verfahren zur Realisierung eines strukturierten Bauteiles mit hoher mechanischer Festigkeit

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DE (2) DE68916736T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2635700B1 (de)

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US5187234A (en) * 1990-10-23 1993-02-16 Hoechst Celanese Corp. Vinyl polymers exhibiting nonlinear optical response
DE202013012608U1 (de) * 2013-11-05 2017-11-21 Welser Profile Austria Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Profils mit variierendem Querschnitt und Profil mit variierendem Querschnitt

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DE3016949C2 (de) * 1980-05-02 1984-08-23 Fritz 8740 Bad Neustadt Freier Verfahren zum Herstellen von gekrümmten, verschleißfesten Förderschurrensegmentbauteilen
JPS61500419A (ja) * 1983-11-14 1986-03-13 ゼネラル・エレクトリック・カンパニイ 非晶質金属を加熱して切断を容易にする方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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K.J. Pascoe "An Introduction to the Properties of Engineering Materials", 3.ème édition, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1979, Londres, page 173. *

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Publication number Publication date
DE363232T1 (de) 1991-02-07
DE68916736D1 (de) 1994-08-18
FR2635700A1 (fr) 1990-03-02
FR2635700B1 (fr) 1994-05-20
EP0363232A1 (de) 1990-04-11
DE68916736T2 (de) 1995-02-02

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