EP0368838B1 - Dispositif de consolidation de formations géologiques non ou peu stables - Google Patents

Dispositif de consolidation de formations géologiques non ou peu stables Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0368838B1
EP0368838B1 EP89890281A EP89890281A EP0368838B1 EP 0368838 B1 EP0368838 B1 EP 0368838B1 EP 89890281 A EP89890281 A EP 89890281A EP 89890281 A EP89890281 A EP 89890281A EP 0368838 B1 EP0368838 B1 EP 0368838B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill
anchor
section
head
point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89890281A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0368838A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard Dr.-Ing. Sauer
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0368838A1 publication Critical patent/EP0368838A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0368838B1 publication Critical patent/EP0368838B1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0033—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tube
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing a fuse in non or only moderately stable non-cohesive to slightly cohesive geological formations, in particular in the manufacture of tunnels, with a hollow drill rod provided for receiving an anchor provided with a head, the clear cross section of which is larger than the cross section of the anchor, with a hard metal cutting and a breakthrough drill head is arranged at the free end of the drill pipe, the breakthrough has a diameter that is larger than the outer diameter of the anchor rod, and the flow of hardenable mass can be applied to the drill pipe is
  • Such a device has been e.g. known from DE-OS 24 31 113.
  • the drill head connected to the drill pipe has a round cross section and a round opening, which is penetrated by the anchor.
  • the head of the anchor protrudes from the drill head of the drill pipe and is designed as a further drill head.
  • this additional drill head represents a lost drill head, since it remains in the bore with the anchor and is cast with the hardening mass. Since most of the drilling work has to be carried out when drilling this drilling head, it is necessary to design this drilling head in a correspondingly complex manner and to provide it with appropriate hard metal cutting edges. However, this results in the disadvantage that, in the known case, a very expensive and complex drill head is lost when each anchor is set.
  • the aim of the invention is to avoid this disadvantage and to propose a device of the type mentioned at the outset in which repeated use of the drill head is possible and the anchor can nevertheless be used simultaneously with the production of the borehole.
  • this is achieved in that hard metal cutting edges are held on the end face of the drill head and the drill head has a non-circular cross-section, in which the outer circumferential line is at a minimum distance from the outer center thereof Circumference has a smallest of its center, which corresponds to the radius of the outer boundary of the drill pipe, and the opening of the drill head also has a non-circular cross-section, the circumference of which is at a minimum distance from its center, which is smaller than the greatest distance of the outer circumference of the likewise non-circular cross-section of the head of the anchor from its center, the smallest distance of the circumferential line of the cross-section of the head of the anchor from its center being approximately equal to the outer radius of the cross-section of the section of the anchor adjoining the head.
  • the measure according to the invention makes it possible that the drill head, which is connected to the drill pipe, can always be recovered and nevertheless the anchor is inserted simultaneously with the drilling into the hole to be produced and when pulling out the drill pipe and simultaneously introducing a hardening mass into the finished hole can be left. This makes it possible to use the drill head several times.
  • the head of the armature due to the proposed measures, can be accommodated in the opening of the drill head in a rotationally secure manner and can therefore be used simultaneously with the production of the borehole.
  • the configuration according to the invention results in the advantage that the drill head can always be recovered, the drill head can be made very robust and does not need to be provided with movable cutting edges, as is the case in the known case.
  • the area of the free end of the head of the armature is shaped into a cutting edge.
  • a cutting edge to which no special requirements have to be made, the only purpose is to break away the rock in the core area of the bore.
  • Such a cutting edge can also be dispensed with, provided that the drill head is designed accordingly.
  • the device according to the invention consists of a drill head 1 which is fixedly connected to a drill pipe 3.
  • the drill pipe 3 has an annular cross section.
  • the drill head 1 essentially has an oval outer cross section, the large radial dimension 11a of which extends beyond the outer diameter 13 of the drill pipe 3, and the small radial dimension 11b of which essentially corresponds to the outer diameter 13 of the drill pipe. In this way, a bore with a circular cross section is obtained during the advance, the diameter of which corresponds approximately to the large radial dimension 11a of the drill head 1.
  • an anchor 5 is provided, which consists of a cylindrical body 5a and a thickened anchor head 5b.
  • the cylindrical body 5a has a diameter 15 which is significantly smaller than the inner diameter 14 of the drill pipe 3. In this way, an annular space 4 remains free between the armature 5 and the drill pipe 3, through which an irrigation liquid or the like can be pumped to the drill head 1.
  • the thickened anchor head 5b has a substantially oval cross section, the large radial dimension 15b of which is larger than the diameter 15 of the cylindrical body 5a, while the small radial dimension 15a corresponds approximately to the diameter 15 of the cylindrical body 5a.
  • the thickened anchor head 5b of the anchor 5 is guided in a corresponding opening of the drill head 1, so much play being provided that passage of the flushing liquid is possible, but no rotary movement of the anchor 5 relative to the drill head 1 or the drill rod 3 is possible.
  • the armature 5 is provided with a cutting edge 16, which participates in the drilling.
  • the anchor 5 is inserted into the drill pipe 3. This can be done from the front or from the rear depending on the respective requirements. Subsequently, the drill pipe 3 is connected to a blow drilling unit, not shown, in a known manner. Now the drilling head 1 is driven into the mountains to be secured. During the advance, a flushing liquid is pressed through the annular space 4 to the drill head 1 in order to flush away the cuttings. The removal takes place via channels 9, which remain free between the side flats of the drill head 1 and the wall of the bore.
  • the drilling process is ended and, instead of the flushing agent, a hardenable injection compound such as special cement mortar, synthetic resins, plastic-natural material mixtures and the like pressed through the annular space 4.
  • a hardenable injection compound such as special cement mortar, synthetic resins, plastic-natural material mixtures and the like pressed through the annular space 4.
  • the drill pipe 3 together with the drill head 1 is withdrawn from the borehole.
  • the pressure exerted on the thickened head 5b by the injection compound ensures that the armature 5 remains in its position. It is completely surrounded by the injection compound so that after the injection compound has hardened it is firmly poured into the borehole.
  • a screen of anchors 5 ' is introduced by means of a drilling carriage 6, on which a hammer drilling device 7 is pivotably arranged, which are arranged radially outward in the direction of advance.
  • the excavation is carried out, for example, in the following sequence: 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e.
  • anchors 5 ′′ are also introduced in the radial direction, which produce a vaulting effect on the surrounding rock and to which any cladding of the tunnel can be attached.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used for securing slope cuts, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • An inclined slope is first provided with an incision 18a.
  • the flank 19a is secured with anchors 5 ′′′.
  • the incision is then gradually deepened around the sections 18b, 18c and 18d.
  • the flanks 19b, 19c, 19d are each secured analogously by means of further anchors, not shown.
  • the method according to the invention allows loose rock to be reliably and easily secured in tunnel construction, but also in related fields of technology. In addition to accelerating the work process, qualitative improvements in tunnel construction can also be achieved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Dispositif pour établir une consolidation dans des formations géologiques non ou peu stables, sans cohésion ou possédant une faible cohésion, notamment lors du creusement de tunnels, comportant une tige creuse de forage (3), qui sert à loger un tirant d'ancrage (5) pourvu d'une tête (5b) et dont la section transversale de passage libre est supérieure à la section transversale du tirant d'ancrage, et dans lequel sur l'extrémité libre de la tige de forage (3) est disposée une tête de forage (1), qui porte un taillant en métal dur (2) et possède un passage, qui a un diamètre supérieur au diamètre extérieur de la tige de forage (3), la tige de forage pouvant être chargée avec une masse qui durcit plastiquement,
    caractérisé en ce que des taillants en métal dur (2) sont retenus sur la face frontale de la tête de forage (1) et que la tête de forage (1) possède une section transversale non circulaire, dans laquelle la distance minimale entre la ligne circonférentielle extérieure et le centre de la tête correspond au rayon de la limite extérieure de la tige de forage (3), et le passage présent dans la tête de forage (1) possède une section transversale également non circulaire, la distance maximale entre la ligne circonférentielle extérieure de cette section transversale et le centre de la tête est inférieure à la distance maximale entre la ligne circonférentielle extérieure et la section transversale également non circulaire de la tête (5b) du tirant d'ancrage (5) et le centre de cette tête, la distance minimale entre la ligne circonférentielle de la section transversale de la tête (5b) du tirant d'ancrage (5) et le centre de la tête est approximativement égale au rayon extérieur de la section transversale de la partie (5a) du tirant d'ancrage (5), qui se raccorde à la tête (5b).
  2. Dispositif selon la 'revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la tête de forage (1) est équipée de taillants fixes (2), uniquement au niveau de sa face frontale libre.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la zone de l'extrémité libre de la tête (5b) du tirant d'ancrage (5) est conformée sous la forme d'un taillant (16).
EP89890281A 1988-11-03 1989-10-30 Dispositif de consolidation de formations géologiques non ou peu stables Expired - Lifetime EP0368838B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT2704/88A AT392517B (de) 1988-11-03 1988-11-03 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur absicherung von nicht bzw. maessig standfesten kohaesionslosen bis leicht kohaesiven geologischen formationen
AT2704/88 1988-11-03

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0368838A1 EP0368838A1 (fr) 1990-05-16
EP0368838B1 true EP0368838B1 (fr) 1993-08-04

Family

ID=3538986

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89890281A Expired - Lifetime EP0368838B1 (fr) 1988-11-03 1989-10-30 Dispositif de consolidation de formations géologiques non ou peu stables

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4979848A (fr)
EP (1) EP0368838B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2735650B2 (fr)
AT (1) AT392517B (fr)
CA (1) CA2002143A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58905148D1 (fr)

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IT1258612B (it) * 1992-08-07 1996-02-27 Giuseppe Franco Dartemi Metodo per il consolidamento di terreni e punta perforante atta a realizzare detto metodo
JPH10220197A (ja) * 1996-11-13 1998-08-18 Gerhard Sauer 地質学的な構造物の固定方法および装置
US5951208A (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-09-14 J. H. Fletcher & Co., Inc. Roof bolting method and related apparatus
AT408248B (de) * 1997-06-18 2001-09-25 Techmo Entw & Vertriebs Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bohren von löchern
CN100402793C (zh) * 2006-10-11 2008-07-16 北京交通大学 低巷道锚杆锚索气动钻机
JP4939260B2 (ja) * 2007-03-07 2012-05-23 鹿島建設株式会社 長尺部材の地中への挿入方法
CN101225735B (zh) * 2008-01-31 2011-05-11 山东交院机械厂 架柱支撑气动钻机
WO2012171056A1 (fr) * 2011-06-14 2012-12-20 Shane Brown Appareil d'injection de résine destiné à un appareil de forage permettant d'installer un tirant d'ancrage
EP3199709B1 (fr) * 2016-02-01 2019-08-07 Blade Offshore Services Ltd. Appareil et procédé pour forer des cavités annulaires
JP2018145709A (ja) * 2017-03-07 2018-09-20 公益財団法人鉄道総合技術研究所 地盤補強方法
CN107461200B (zh) * 2017-09-18 2020-02-21 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 一种处理盾构机穿越锚索障碍区域锚索的施工工艺
CN109209457B (zh) * 2018-10-26 2020-01-21 辽宁工程技术大学 一种吸能防冲锚索及其使用方法
CN111927515B (zh) * 2020-08-12 2021-08-10 东北大学 抗剪吸能防冲增阻锚索及厚顶煤巷道支卸联耦合防冲方法
CN115217124B (zh) * 2021-04-16 2024-02-13 河北省交通规划设计研究院有限公司 一种用于边坡扩挖的原位支挡结构及施工方法
CN113445519A (zh) * 2021-06-11 2021-09-28 中国水利水电第九工程局有限公司 一种用于支护边坡的注浆锚杆施工工艺
CN113431598A (zh) * 2021-08-09 2021-09-24 太原理工大学 一种具有新型刀具安装方式的小直径刀盘及隧道掘进机
CN115680706A (zh) * 2022-09-07 2023-02-03 中国矿业大学 一种穿越顶煤采空区巷道顶帮围岩注浆加固方法
CN116163739A (zh) * 2022-12-23 2023-05-26 中铁十局集团第三建设有限公司 冻土地区高压水平旋喷桩隧道加固结构及方法
CN116163759B (zh) * 2023-03-30 2025-09-26 贵州省交通规划勘察设计研究院股份有限公司 一种陡崖条件下连拱隧道的单头掘进反向施工结构及方法
CN116950670B (zh) * 2023-08-18 2026-04-24 苏州科技大学 一种适用于水下浅上覆层的隧道施工方法及结构
CN119412083B (zh) * 2024-10-24 2025-10-03 广州市电力工程设计院有限公司 盾构隧道施工方法和隧道结构
JP7823251B1 (ja) * 2025-03-24 2026-03-03 東京製綱株式会社 アンカー構造体及びアンカー構造体の形成方法
CN119981929B (zh) * 2025-03-28 2025-11-04 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 一种tbm辅助设备及其施工方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0368838A1 (fr) 1990-05-16
DE58905148D1 (de) 1993-09-09
ATA270488A (de) 1990-09-15
JPH02232500A (ja) 1990-09-14
US4979848A (en) 1990-12-25
AT392517B (de) 1991-04-25
CA2002143A1 (fr) 1990-05-03
JP2735650B2 (ja) 1998-04-02

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