EP0426150A2 - Konstantspannungsschaltung - Google Patents

Konstantspannungsschaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0426150A2
EP0426150A2 EP90120902A EP90120902A EP0426150A2 EP 0426150 A2 EP0426150 A2 EP 0426150A2 EP 90120902 A EP90120902 A EP 90120902A EP 90120902 A EP90120902 A EP 90120902A EP 0426150 A2 EP0426150 A2 EP 0426150A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
terminal
transistor
resistor element
node
collector
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90120902A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0426150A3 (en
Inventor
Yoshihiro C/O Intellectual Property Div. Yoshida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toshiba Corp
Original Assignee
Toshiba Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toshiba Corp filed Critical Toshiba Corp
Publication of EP0426150A2 publication Critical patent/EP0426150A2/de
Publication of EP0426150A3 publication Critical patent/EP0426150A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC
    • G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/20—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
    • G05F3/30—Regulators using the difference between the base-emitter voltages of two bipolar transistors operating at different current densities

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a constant voltage circuit for generating a constant reference voltage using a base-emitter voltage and a VT voltage.
  • the constant voltage circuit consists of a current source 41, three resistors 42, 43, and 44, and three npn transistors 45, 46, and 47.
  • an emitter area of the transistor 46 is N times that of the transistor 45 such that the transistors 45 and 46 have different current densities.
  • a positive input voltage V IN and a ground voltage GND are applied to nodes 48 and 49, respectively, and an output voltage V OUT is obtained from an output node 50.
  • the equation (9) is well known as a basic equation of a bandgap voltage reference.
  • the value V T in the equation (9) is given as a value kT/q (where: k is the Boltzman's constant; T, absolute temperature; and g , an electron charge) and has a positive temperature coef­ficient. Contrast to this, since the base-emitter voltage V BE3 of the transistor 47 has a negative tem­perature coefficient, the resistances R2 and R3 of the resistors 43 and 44 are adjusted so that the temperature coefficient of the output voltage V OUT can be set to be 0 or an arbitrary value.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph showing variation characteristics of the output voltage V OUT obtained by performing SPICE analysis when a value I of a current source is changed in a conventional circuit with the arrangement in Fig. 2.
  • the resistors 42, 43, and 44 are respectively set to be 22 K ⁇ , 22 K ⁇ , and 1.8 K ⁇
  • an emitter area ratio N of the transistor 45 to the transistor 46 is set to be 4.
  • an output voltage difference in the conventional circuit is 60.2 mV.
  • the present invention is made in consideration of the above conditions, and has as its object to provide a constant voltage circuit which is stable for a change in current.
  • a constant voltage circuit comprising a control circuit having input and output terminals in which an output is controlled according to a current flowing through the input terminal, a first resistor element one terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the control circuit, a second resistor element one ter­minal of which is connected to other terminal of the first resistor element, a first transistor of a first polarity a base of which is connected to the other ter­minal of the first resistor element, a collector of which is connected to other terminal of the second resistor element, and an emitter of which is connected to a first node, a third resistor element one terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the control circuit, a second transistor of a first polarity a collector of which is connected to other terminal of the third resistor element, a base of which is connected to the other terminal of the second resistor element, and an emitter of which is connected to the first node, and a third transistor of the first polarity a collector of
  • a constant voltage circuit comprising a control circuit having an input terminal and first and second output terminals in which outputs from the first and second output terminals are controlled according to a current flowing through the input terminal, a first resistor element one terminal of which is connected to the first output terminal of the control circuit, a second resistor element one terminal of which is con­nected to the other terminal of the first resistor ele­ment, a first transistor of a first polarity a base of which is connected to the other terminal of the first resistor element, a collector of which is connected to other terminal of the second resistor element, and an emitter of which is connected to a first node, a third resistor element one terminal of which is connected to the second output terminal of the control circuit, a second transistor of the first polarity a collector of which is connected to other terminal of the third resistor element, a base of which is connected to the other terminal of the second resistor element, and an emitter of which is connected to the first node, and
  • the second resistor element is inserted between the base and collector of the first transistor and between the other terminal of the first resistor element and the base of the second transistor, a basic equation for calculating a bandgap voltage reference can be free from a base-emitter voltage of the third transistor. Therefore, since a change in base-emitter voltage on the basis of a change in current flowing through the third transistor does not appear as an out­put voltage, the output voltage can be stabilized.
  • Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a basic circuit arrangement of a constant voltage circuit according to the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 10 denotes a control circuit to which an input voltage V IN is supplied, which has an input terminal IN and an output terminal OUT, and which outputs, from an output terminal OUT, a current or voltage having a value corresponding to a current flowing through the input terminal IN. That is, in the control circuit 10, the output is controlled depending on the value of the input current.
  • One terminal of a resistor 11 and one terminal of a resistor 12 are connected to the output terminal OUT of the control circuit 10.
  • One terminal of a resistor 13 and the base of an npn transistor 14 are connected to the other terminal of the resistor 11.
  • the other ter­minal of the resistor 13 is connected to the collector of the transistor 14.
  • the emitter of the transistor 14 is connected to a node 15 to which a ground potential GND is applied.
  • the other terminal of the resistor 12 is connected to the collector of an npn transistor 16.
  • the base of the transistor 16 is connected to the other terminal of the resistor 13, and the emitter of the transistor 16 is connected to the node 15.
  • the collec­tor of npn transistor 17 is connected to the input ter­minal IN of the control circuit 10.
  • the base of the transistor 17 is connected to the other terminal of the resistor 12, and the emitter of the transistor 17 is connected to the node 15.
  • the output voltage V OUT is obtained from an output node 20 to which the output terminal OUT of the control circuit 10 is connected.
  • Both the transistors 14 and 16 have different emitter areas to cause the transistors 14 and 16 to have dif­ferent current densities, and/or the resistors 11 and 12 have different resistances.
  • the resistor 13 which is conventionally inserted to the emitter side of the transistor 16 is inserted to the collector side of the transistor 14.
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an arrangement according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a constant current source 18 having a terminal commonly used as input and output terminals IN and OUT is used as a control circuit 10.
  • Other arrangements of this embodiment are the same as those in Fig. 4. That is, in the first embodiment, one terminal of the constant current source 18 used as the control circuit 10 is connected to an input node 19 applied with a positive input voltage V IN , and the other terminal is connected to an output node 20 for obtaining an output voltage V OUT .
  • the emitter area of the transistor 16 is N times that of the transistor 14.
  • the constant current source 18 used as the control circuit 10 when a collector current of the transistor 17 serving as an input current is changed, a sum of the currents flowing through the resistors 12 and 13 and serving as output currents is also changed.
  • base-emitter voltages of the tran­sistors 14, 16, and 17 are expressed as in the above equations (3), (4), and (5).
  • N ⁇ I1/I2 > 1 must be satisfied. Therefore, lnN ⁇ I1/I2 > 0, and the equation (18) must have a positive value. Then, and the value of ⁇ V OUT / ⁇ I3 in the equation (16) is smaller than the value of ⁇ V OUT / ⁇ I3 in the equation (17). That is, in the circuit of the first embodiment, even when a load current is changed, an output voltage can be stabler than that of the conventional circuit.
  • Figs. 6 to 8 are circuit diagrams showing constant voltage circuits according to the second to fourth embo­diments of the present invention wherein various control circuits are used as the control circuits 10.
  • a circuit consisting of a constant current source 21 and an npn transistor 22 is used as a control circuit 10. That is, one terminal of the constant current source 21 is con­nected to a node 19 of an input voltage V IN , and the other terminal of the constant current source 21 is com­monly connected to the collector of a transistor 17 and the base of the transistor 22. The collector of the transistor 22 is connected to the node 19, and the emitter of the transistor 22 is connected to an output node for obtaining an output voltage.
  • a circuit consisting of a pnp transistor 24 and an npn transistor is used as a control circuit 10. That is, one terminal of the constant current source 23 is connected to a node 19 of an input voltage V IN , and the other ter­minal of the constant current source 23 is commonly con­nected to the collector of a transistor 17 and the base of the transistor 25.
  • the emitter of the transistor 24 is connected to the node 19, and the collector and base of the transistor 24 are connected to output node 20 and the collector of the transistor 25, respectively.
  • a circuit consisting of a constant current source 26, a resistor 27, and a pnp transistor 28 is used as a control circuit 10. That is, one terminal of the constant current source 26 is connected to a node 19 of an input voltage V IN , and the other terminal of the constant current source 26 is connected to an output node 20. One ter­minal of the resistor 27 is connected to the output node 20, and the other terminal of the resistor 27 is com­monly connected to the collector of a transistor 17 and the base of the transistor 28. The emitter of the tran­sistor 28 is connected to the output node 20, and the collector of the transistor 28 is connected to a node 15 having a ground potential.
  • Fig. 9 is a circuit diagram showing another basic circuit arrangement of the constant voltage circuit of the present invention.
  • the control circuit having one input terminal IN and one output terminal OUT is disclosed.
  • a control circuit 30 has two independent output terminals OUT1 and OUT2 for out­putting independent output signals in response to a signal input to one input terminal IN.
  • Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a constant voltage circuit according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the control cir­cuit 30 consists of a constant current source 31, npn transistors 32, 33, and 34, and two resistors 35 and 36.
  • One terminal of the constant current source 31 is con­nected to a node 19 of an input voltage V IN , and the other terminal of the constant current source 31 is connected to the collector of a transistor 17 as an input terminal IN.
  • the collector of the transistor 32 is connected to the node 19, and the base and emitter of the transistor 32 are connected to the other terminal of the constant current source 31 and the output node 20, respectively.
  • One terminal of the resistor 35 is con­nected to the output node 20, and other terminal is connected to one terminal of the resistor 36.
  • the other terminal of the resistor 36 is connected to the node 15.
  • the collectors of the two transistors 33 and 34 are commonly connected to the node 19 of a power source Vcc, the bases of the transistors 33 and 34 are commonly connected to a connecting point between the resistors 35 and 36, and each of the emitters of the transistors 33 and 34 is connected to one terminal of a corresponding one of the resistors 11 and 12 as the output terminal OUT1 or OUT2.
  • a current having a value corresponding to an input current is supplied from the output terminal OUT1 or OUT2 to the resistor 11 or 12.
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing change characteristics of the output voltage V OUT obtained by performing SPICE analysis when a value I of a current source is changed in a circuit with the arrangement in Fig. 10 (corresponding to the circuit according to the second embodiment in Fig. 6).
  • the resistors 11, 12, and 13 are respectively set to have the resistance 22 K ⁇ , 22 K ⁇ , and 1.8 K ⁇
  • an emitter area ratio N of the transistor 14 to the tran­sistor 16 is set to be 4.
  • an output voltage difference in the circuit of this embodiment was 27.4 mV. Therefore, in the circuits according to the above embodiments of the present invention, a stable output voltage can be obtained com­pared with the output voltage difference of 60.2 mV obtained from the conventional circuit shown in Fig. 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
EP19900120902 1989-11-02 1990-10-31 Constant voltage circuit Withdrawn EP0426150A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1284976A JPH03179514A (ja) 1989-11-02 1989-11-02 定電圧回路
JP284976/89 1989-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0426150A2 true EP0426150A2 (de) 1991-05-08
EP0426150A3 EP0426150A3 (en) 1991-10-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900120902 Withdrawn EP0426150A3 (en) 1989-11-02 1990-10-31 Constant voltage circuit

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0426150A3 (de)
JP (1) JPH03179514A (de)
KR (1) KR930011724B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5969566A (en) * 1996-06-20 1999-10-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit configuration for generating a reference potential

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4676177B2 (ja) * 2004-08-25 2011-04-27 三洋電機株式会社 バンドギャップ型基準電圧発生回路

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3617859A (en) * 1970-03-23 1971-11-02 Nat Semiconductor Corp Electrical regulator apparatus including a zero temperature coefficient voltage reference circuit
US3893018A (en) * 1973-12-20 1975-07-01 Motorola Inc Compensated electronic voltage source
US4059793A (en) * 1976-08-16 1977-11-22 Rca Corporation Semiconductor circuits for generating reference potentials with predictable temperature coefficients
JPS56166518A (en) * 1980-05-26 1981-12-21 Pioneer Electronic Corp Power supply circuit
JPS5791008A (en) * 1980-11-26 1982-06-07 Nec Corp Reference voltage circuit
NL8300499A (nl) * 1983-02-10 1984-09-03 Philips Nv Stroomstabilisatieschakeling.
DE3321556A1 (de) * 1983-06-15 1984-12-20 Telefunken electronic GmbH, 7100 Heilbronn Bandgap-schaltung
JPS603644A (ja) * 1983-06-22 1985-01-10 Fuji Xerox Co Ltd トナ−組成物
JPS60129818A (ja) * 1983-12-19 1985-07-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 基準電圧回路
JPH0614307B2 (ja) * 1984-08-28 1994-02-23 松下電器産業株式会社 電圧安定化回路
JP2526560B2 (ja) * 1986-11-05 1996-08-21 日本電気株式会社 定電圧発生回路

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5969566A (en) * 1996-06-20 1999-10-19 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Circuit configuration for generating a reference potential

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR910010267A (ko) 1991-06-29
EP0426150A3 (en) 1991-10-02
JPH03179514A (ja) 1991-08-05
KR930011724B1 (ko) 1993-12-18

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