EP0430745A1 - Zirkular polarisierte Antenne, insbesondere für Gruppenantenne - Google Patents

Zirkular polarisierte Antenne, insbesondere für Gruppenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0430745A1
EP0430745A1 EP90403209A EP90403209A EP0430745A1 EP 0430745 A1 EP0430745 A1 EP 0430745A1 EP 90403209 A EP90403209 A EP 90403209A EP 90403209 A EP90403209 A EP 90403209A EP 0430745 A1 EP0430745 A1 EP 0430745A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
branches
hybrid coupler
branch
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90403209A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0430745B1 (de
Inventor
Jean Bouko
Marcel Grosbois
Joseph Roger
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0430745A1 publication Critical patent/EP0430745A1/de
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Publication of EP0430745B1 publication Critical patent/EP0430745B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circularly polarized antenna, in particular an elementary antenna for an antenna array.
  • circular polarization in particular in radar applications, where it is known that circular polarization makes it possible to eliminate the echoes produced by obstacles with isotropic reflection, quite particularly the echoes of rain (caused by water droplets suspended in the clouds).
  • the wave emitted according to a given circular polarization for example a right circular polarization
  • a reverse polarization circular to the left in this example. It will then be easy, at the level of the receiver, to suppress this reflection by means of a cross polarization eliminator.
  • One of the aims of the invention is to propose such an antenna with circular polarization, in particular to serve as a primary source (elementary antenna) in a network antenna, and which can be supplied directly by a line called "triplate”.
  • a three-ply line is formed by a flat central conductor forming a coaxial core, sandwiched between two thicknesses of dielectric (possibly air) themselves covered on their outer surfaces by conductors located in line with the central conductor and supplied in parallel , therefore equipotential, forming peripheral earth conductors.
  • the known primary sources with circular polarization do not operate in the same mode as the triplate line and therefore require, in addition to the mechanical and electrical interfacing of the source to the line triplate, a change in excitation mode detrimental to optimal operation of the source.
  • the radiating elements produced up to now in triplate technology did not provide circular polarization, and it was therefore necessary, in order to obtain such a polarization mode, to add to them polarizers such as polarizers with dielectric plates, with screws , with wires, etc., with all the corresponding losses of adaptation and difficulties of realization.
  • a first object of the present invention is to propose a new form of primary source with circular polarization which can directly extend the three-plate feed line, generally constituted by one of the ramifications of a network antenna distributor.
  • the invention consists in extending the supply line by two orthogonal triplate dipoles supplied by a phase shifter whose output branches are directly extended so as to form the two dipoles, in order to constitute a monoblock primary source radiating a circularly polarized wave (we indeed know that, to produce a circularly polarized wave, it is necessary to excite two neighboring orthogonal dipoles by signals of the same amplitude but in phase quadrature).
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide an antenna structure which, with these same characteristics of broad band, compactness and simplicity of construction, allows, in addition to the circular polarization (right or left), a linear polarization (rectilinear) superimposed on the circular polarization, typically a vertical and / or horizontal polarization.
  • the antenna of the present invention makes it possible in particular, from a single radiating element and by simple selective switching of signal input channels, to obtain at will: - a right circular polarization, - a left circular polarization, - a horizontal rectilinear polarization, and / or - a vertical rectilinear polarization.
  • This characteristic of multiple polarization antenna is particularly advantageous for antennas simultaneously ensuring two functions, for example the conventional surveillance function - obtained by circular polarization - and an IFF ( Identification Friend or Foe ) function - obtained by rectilinear polarization.
  • IFF Identification Friend or Foe
  • the antenna according to the invention which is excited by a triplate supply line comprising two peripheral conductors disposed respectively above and below at least one central conductor, comprises: triplate excitation means comprising a 90 °, symmetrical and broadband hybrid coupler, with first and second output branches and at least one input branch receiving a signal to be radiated from the triplate line, a first dipolar radiating element, comprising two quarter-wave branches formed by extending in their plane, in transverse direction and in the same direction, each of the peripheral conductors of the triplate line, and a quarter-wave branch formed by extending in its plane, parallel to the two aforementioned branches but in opposite direction, the first outlet branch of the 90 ° hybrid coupler, a second dipolar radiating element, orthogonal to the first, comprising two quarter-wave branches formed by folding, in opposite directions, respectively of the second output branch of the 90 ° hybrid coupler and of one of the peripheral conductors, these two quarter-wave branches being coplanar and extending perpendicular to the plane
  • the dipole radiating elements are excited by respective respective signals, of the same amplitude but phase shifted by 90 °, which thus circularly polarizes the signal to be radiated.
  • the triplate excitation means comprise a second 90 ° hybrid coupler, mounted in cascade with the first, with a first and a second branch of output connected to the first and to the second input branch of the first coupler, and at least one input branch receiving from the triplate line a signal to be radiated, so as to excite the dipolar radiating elements by similar respective signals, of same amplitude and phase and thus linearly polarize the signal to be radiated.
  • the three-ply supply line consists of central conductors, such as 1 or 2, sandwiched between two peripheral conductors 3 and 4 forming half ground planes; these various conductors are produced in the form of rigid plates or strips arranged parallel to one another and separated by a suitable dielectric which may be air, spacers then being simply provided to precisely maintain the various elements of the line in their place.
  • the triplate line can in particular constitute the end of one of the ramifications of a network antenna splitter (not shown).
  • This supply line excites, as will be described below, on the one hand a horizontal dipole 10 intended to produce the horizontal component of the circular polarization of the wave, and on the other hand a vertical dipole 20 intended to produce the vertical component of this same circular polarization.
  • the antenna of the invention is described here essentially in the form of a source emitting a circularly polarized wave, this same antenna can also be used without any modification, due to the principle of reciprocity, as a receiving antenna.
  • the horizontal dipole 10 is produced by extending transversely (that is to say perpendicular to the axial direction of the antenna, materialized by the axis ⁇ ), one of the central conductors of the supply line by a branch 11 forming one of the halves of a dipole.
  • the other half of the dipole is made up of branches 12, 13 formed by extending transversely, on the other side of the axis ⁇ (but on the same side for the two branches 12 and 13), the peripheral conductors 3 and 4 of the power line.
  • the branches 11, 12 and 13 are the same length, equal to about a quarter wave.
  • the dipole 20 is formed by folding another central conductor downwards, which gives the branch 21, and one of the peripheral conductors (here, the upper conductor 4) upwards, which gives the second branch 22 of the dipole 20.
  • These two branches 21 and 22 also have a length of around a quarter wave.
  • peripheral conductors 3 and 4 are folded at 5 and 6 so as to form a ground plane constituting the short-circuit plane of the dipoles 10 and 20.
  • the dipoles 10 and 20 are supplied jointly by means of a coupler 30 interposed between the supply lines 1 and 2 and the dipoles 10 and 20.
  • This coupler makes it possible, in itself known manner, (to excite the two dipoles of the antenna with a relative phase shift of 90 ° (quadrature).
  • the coupler 30 is a coupler of the “90 ° hybrid coupler” type, also called “3 dB hybrid coupler”, “3 dB hybrid ring” or “3 dB scale”.
  • This 90 ° hybrid coupler in itself known, essentially comprises two symmetrical input branches 31 and 31 ′ (from the radioelectric point of view) and two equally symmetrical output branches 32 and 32 ′. These four branches lead to four segments 33, 34, 35 and 36 each having a length of approximately one quarter wave. These segments 33 to 36 can be rectilinear, as illustrated in the figure - and one generally speaks of “ladder coupler” - or curvilinear - and one then speaks rather of “hybrid ring” -, or even take more complex shapes, the important parameters being the length and width of the transmission lines formed by these segments.
  • the dimensions of the input branches 31 and 31 ′, of the output branches 32 and 32 ′ and of the lines 35 and 36 are such that these elements are all adapted to the characteristic impedance of the antenna and of its associated circuits, typically 50 ⁇ .
  • lines 33 and 34 are given a greater width, so as to create an impedance mismatch. This mismatch is such that the signals applied to one or the other input branch 31 or 31 ′ will be divided and, due to the delays introduced by the quarter wave lines 33 to 36, will give on each output branches 32 and 32 ′ of similar signals, of the same amplitude but 90 ° out of phase.
  • Such a 90 ° hybrid coupler has a certain number of advantages, in particular the fact that it makes it possible to maintain an almost constant 90 ° phase shift over a very wide frequency band, typically over a bandwidth of 20%, with a ROS little affected by frequency variations in this band; in other words, this hybrid coupler remains perfectly adapted even if the frequency varies around the central frequency for which it was calculated.
  • the antenna feed system can be configured so as to radiate not only a circular polarization (right or left), but also a rectilinear, vertical and / or horizontal polarization (it can in particular be ment interesting, in some applications, to use simultaneously the two crossed linear polarizations).
  • the signal to be radiated is applied to one and / or the other of the two input branches 41, 41 ′ of the upstream coupler 40, and / or to one and / or the other of the branches input 31, 31 ′ of the downstream coupler 30.
  • the selection of the desired polarization can easily be obtained in a manner known per se by switching the different channels, for example by means of PIN diodes.
  • Such a type of elementary antenna lends itself particularly well to the constitution of a planar network, which can include several tens or several hundred radiating elements.
  • Each radiating element will then be associated with its own hybrid coupler, the different couplers being supplied in an appropriate manner, so in itself known, by appropriate distributor circuits.
  • the configuration of the radiating element / hybrid coupler assembly of the present invention makes it possible to have a very compact arrangement, which will allow the various radiating elements to be brought as close as possible to one another. Now we know that, in a network antenna, if we want to avoid the appearance of network lobes detrimental to a wide angular coverage, it is necessary to bring the various radiating elements as close as possible, ideally with a spacing of no more than half a wavelength.
  • the respective phase centers of the two dipoles will be slightly offset due to their respective positions (center distance x ).
  • This offset certainly induces a slight asymmetry and therefore a slight defect in the circularity of the polarization for the radiating element, but this defect can be easily compensated for by alternating the positioning of the dipoles from one radiating element to the next in the network.
  • a center distance x of the order of 0.25 ⁇ provides satisfactory operation, provided that the defect in circularity is compensated for by alternating the positioning of the dipoles in the network, as just indicated.
  • Such an antenna can be produced for all frequency bands where triplate technology can be used, typically the L, S and C bands.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP90403209A 1989-11-24 1990-11-13 Zirkular polarisierte Antenne, insbesondere für Gruppenantenne Expired - Lifetime EP0430745B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8915474 1989-11-24
FR8915474A FR2655202B1 (fr) 1989-11-24 1989-11-24 Antenne a polarisation circulaire, notamment pour reseau d'antennes.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0430745A1 true EP0430745A1 (de) 1991-06-05
EP0430745B1 EP0430745B1 (de) 1994-06-29

Family

ID=9387750

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90403209A Expired - Lifetime EP0430745B1 (de) 1989-11-24 1990-11-13 Zirkular polarisierte Antenne, insbesondere für Gruppenantenne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5172128A (de)
EP (1) EP0430745B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH03177101A (de)
CA (1) CA2029378A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69010310T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2655202B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0709913A3 (de) * 1994-10-31 1998-10-14 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Dipolspeiseanordnung

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2697949B1 (fr) * 1992-11-06 1995-01-06 Thomson Csf Antenne pour radar notamment de désignation et de trajectographie.
DE4332476A1 (de) * 1993-09-24 1995-03-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Übertragung von Datensignalen
NL9401429A (nl) * 1994-09-02 1996-04-01 Hollandse Signaalapparaten Bv Striplijn antenne.
FR2725075B1 (fr) * 1994-09-23 1996-11-15 Thomson Csf Procede et dispositif d'elargissement du diagramme de rayonnement d'une antenne active
FR2746991B1 (fr) * 1996-03-28 1998-06-12 Nortel Matra Cellular Station radio a antennes a polarisation circulaire
US6121929A (en) * 1997-06-30 2000-09-19 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. Antenna system
US6458375B1 (en) 1998-02-27 2002-10-01 Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Malleable paste with allograft bone reinforcement for filling bone defects
US20030048226A1 (en) * 2001-01-31 2003-03-13 Tantivy Communications, Inc. Antenna for array applications
KR100846487B1 (ko) * 2003-12-08 2008-07-17 삼성전자주식회사 등방향성 방사패턴을 갖는 초광대역 안테나
TW200926575A (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-16 Wistron Neweb Corp Down-converter having 90 degree hybrid coupler with open-circuit transmission line(s) or short-circuit transmission line(s) included therein
TW200926576A (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-16 Wistron Neweb Corp Down-converter having matching circuits with tuning mechanism coupled to 90 degree hybrid coupler included therein
US8264405B2 (en) * 2008-07-31 2012-09-11 Raytheon Company Methods and apparatus for radiator for multiple circular polarization
CN103887595B (zh) * 2012-12-21 2016-08-17 宏达国际电子股份有限公司 天线系统
US9548526B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-01-17 Htc Corporation Small-size antenna system with adjustable polarization
CN113659339B (zh) * 2021-08-23 2023-07-25 深圳市塞防科技有限公司 车载毫米波雷达及其发射天线与接收天线系统、天线系统
CN114725671B (zh) * 2022-05-10 2023-07-21 安徽大学 一种双向圆极化单元天线及阵列天线

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0085486A1 (de) * 1982-01-15 1983-08-10 The Marconi Company Limited Antennenanordnung
GB2191044A (en) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-02 Gen Electric Co Plc Antenna arrangement
US4737793A (en) * 1983-10-28 1988-04-12 Ball Corporation Radio frequency antenna with controllably variable dual orthogonal polarization
GB2211024A (en) * 1987-10-10 1989-06-21 Gen Electric Co Plc Antennas

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US3725943A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-04-03 Itt Turnstile antenna
FR2153164B1 (de) * 1971-09-22 1976-10-29 Thomson Csf
GB1416343A (en) * 1972-02-16 1975-12-03 Secr Defence Radomes
GB2048571B (en) * 1979-05-03 1983-04-27 Marconi Co Ltd Circularly polarised antenna array
FR2457020A1 (fr) * 1979-05-18 1980-12-12 Thomson Csf Element rayonnant a plans paralleles et son application a la realisation d'antennes reseaux
FR2594260B1 (fr) * 1981-05-22 1989-01-13 Thomson Csf Source primaire hyperfrequence pour antenne a balayage conique et antenne l'incorporant.
FR2560448B1 (fr) * 1984-02-24 1987-11-20 Thomson Csf Element rayonnant des ondes electromagnetiques et son application a une antenne a balayage electronique
JPS61164303A (ja) * 1985-01-16 1986-07-25 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 両円偏波アンテナ
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GB2207005A (en) * 1987-07-15 1989-01-18 Gen Electric Co Plc Antenna

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0085486A1 (de) * 1982-01-15 1983-08-10 The Marconi Company Limited Antennenanordnung
US4737793A (en) * 1983-10-28 1988-04-12 Ball Corporation Radio frequency antenna with controllably variable dual orthogonal polarization
GB2191044A (en) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-02 Gen Electric Co Plc Antenna arrangement
GB2211024A (en) * 1987-10-10 1989-06-21 Gen Electric Co Plc Antennas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0709913A3 (de) * 1994-10-31 1998-10-14 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Dipolspeiseanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH03177101A (ja) 1991-08-01
CA2029378A1 (fr) 1991-05-25
DE69010310D1 (de) 1994-08-04
FR2655202A1 (fr) 1991-05-31
US5172128A (en) 1992-12-15
EP0430745B1 (de) 1994-06-29
DE69010310T2 (de) 1994-10-27
FR2655202B1 (fr) 1992-02-07

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