EP0436586A1 - Buse d'injection de carburant a jet de carburant reglable. - Google Patents

Buse d'injection de carburant a jet de carburant reglable.

Info

Publication number
EP0436586A1
EP0436586A1 EP89910599A EP89910599A EP0436586A1 EP 0436586 A1 EP0436586 A1 EP 0436586A1 EP 89910599 A EP89910599 A EP 89910599A EP 89910599 A EP89910599 A EP 89910599A EP 0436586 A1 EP0436586 A1 EP 0436586A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injection nozzle
nozzle
injection
alternating
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89910599A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0436586B1 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Hohm
Peter Kleinschmidt
Hans Meixner
Dieter Stein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0436586A1 publication Critical patent/EP0436586A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0436586B1 publication Critical patent/EP0436586B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/12—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/10—Other injectors with multiple-part delivery, e.g. with vibrating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0696—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by the use of movable windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/08—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle specially for low-pressure fuel-injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder

Definitions

  • Fuel injector with controllable characteristics of the fuel jet are provided.
  • the present invention relates to a fuel injector as specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • ultrasonic vibration is additionally provided, as has long been known for ultrasonic liquid atomizers.
  • the ultrasonic frequency to be used for liquid atomization is in the range above 100 KHz, depending on the configuration of an ultrasound-frequency-oscillating part of the nozzle.
  • the injection nozzle generates a fuel jet which corresponds to the design and which, from the part which vibrates at the ultrasonic frequency, has the character of a flowing droplet mist consisting of fine aerosol droplets.
  • All known fuel injection nozzles have a characteristic shape of the fuel jet which is predetermined by their construction.
  • the shape of the fuel jet is known to be important for the air-fuel mixture formation, and not only in the With regard to minimum specific fuel consumption, but also with regard to environmental pollution due to undesirable emissions, and important for the smooth running of the engine.
  • a distinction is made between a fuel injection nozzle that generates a thread jet and a nozzle that delivers a cone jet. Both types of jet are also characteristic, among other things, of different size distributions of the droplets of the fuel sprayed from the nozzle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide measures with which, in addition, optimal mixture formation with the selected injection nozzle can also be achieved at least largely for different operating states of the internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of providing technical means on or for a fuel injection nozzle, with which the characteristic shape of the fuel jet of this one nozzle can be changed in an electrically controllable manner during operation.
  • the shape of the jet of the nozzle is controlled with these means in such a way that different opening angles of the injection jet, from the (slim) thread jet to a cone jet with e.g. 70 ° opening angle or even larger can be reached.
  • the jet shape can be controlled and optimally adjusted during operation.
  • a controllable change in the distribution of the droplet size is carried out.
  • the invention relates in particular to low pressure injection at approximately 1 to 10 bar.
  • fuel injection nozzles are also injection valves.
  • the valve drive can be based on the effect of the liquid pressure exerted by the fuel to be injected.
  • injection nozzles are increasingly being provided with electromechanical devices for opening and closing their valve portion. Electromagnetic designs have predominantly been provided for this.
  • fuel injectors with a valve device with a piezoelectric drive.
  • Combustion piston engine are largely optimally adapted. These various operating conditions are in particular the cold start phase on the one hand and the continuous operation of the engine with the engine warmed up in a stationary manner on the other hand. It would be conceivable to provide two different injection nozzles, in particular for the two operating states mentioned above, each of which could be optimized for the operating phase assigned to it. However, only one injector should be provided. With regard to the cold start phase, the boundary condition must be met in particular that the fuel injected in the intake stroke of the engine is atomized into the cylinder so strongly that the intended fuel mixing with air and thus fuel combustion actually takes place.
  • the one fuel injection nozzle per cylinder is designed such that it can bring about several mutually different, controllably selectable forms of "jet formation".
  • a "thread jet” can be generated with a fuel injection nozzle according to the invention, namely for continuous operation, the cross section of which strikes the valve is limited to a predeterminable proportion of the valve disk surface. This ensures that the fuel reaches the valve as “lossless” as possible and then immediately and without detour into the cylinder. The measured optimal air-fuel ratio can thus be maintained with certainty.
  • the evaporation of the fuel on the hot valve plate ensures that an optimally finely divided fuel-air mixture is available for combustion in the cylinder.
  • the injection nozzle according to the invention is controlled so that a good fuel fine distribution occurs.
  • an injection “jet” is generated for this operating phase of the engine, which has a certain spreading in the manner of a cone jet.
  • Such a cone beam has the property that only at a certain distance from it
  • Nozzle opening the liquid only disintegrates in the jet and that only then, but sufficiently early for the combustion process, is there a substantial proportion of the injection quantity in fine droplet distribution.
  • the above-mentioned distance is important here, because it can be achieved that this fuel fine distribution is present in the cone jet just before or even at the inlet valve and that droplets fail, e.g. on the wall of the intake pipe (ie in the area between the nozzle opening and the inlet valve) is excluded.
  • This advantage occurs particularly in such known injection nozzles that have an integrated ultrasonic liquid atomization. It should be noted that the fuel injector cannot be placed anywhere near the intake valve.
  • an injection nozzle according to the invention is designed so that it has a quickly responding and fast-working drive for opening and closing the nozzle opening.
  • the injection nozzle according to the invention is one with proportional drive or proportional adjustability of the nozzle opening. In this way it is easy to set such intermediate values of the degree of opening of the injection nozzle with which an exact metering of the very small injection quantities that come into consideration, especially in idle mode, can be maintained per injection process.
  • the operating repetition frequency e.g. for a four-cylinder or six-cylinder engine, and thus the repetition frequency for opening (t- ⁇ ) and closing (t 2 ) the valve portion of the injection nozzle is around 5 Hz to 50 Hz.
  • the repetition frequency for opening (t- ⁇ ) and closing (t 2 ) the valve portion of the injection nozzle is around 5 Hz to 50 Hz.
  • steep rising and falling edges of the opening and closing of an injection nozzle according to the invention are at a frequency of considerably above 1 kHz (with a corresponding period T) as the upper limit of the Fourier spectrum of the pulse of the opening and closing.
  • the fuel throughput when the injector is open continuously (in the intake phase) is approx. 6 g / s per cylinder. This corresponds to almost full load operation.
  • the idle throughput of such an engine is approximately
  • an injection nozzle according to the invention are characterized in that the opening and closing of the injection (also designed as a valve) nozzle serving valve needle and / or the opening cross section of the nozzle are to be set in lifting movements.
  • the beam cross section ie the beam shape, for example from the thread beam to the cone beam, can be varied with different opening angles.
  • FIG. 1 which shows a time / excitation or. Opening diagram of an injection nozzle according to the invention shows.
  • the injection nozzle according to the invention is able to periodically follow the mechanical movements of the electrical excitation with its stroke movements due to the above-mentioned quick response of its parts, in particular with proportional drive.
  • the excitation frequencies for this stroke movement are optimally in the range from 5 KHz to 20 KHz, that is to say far below ultrasonic atomizing frequencies. This dimensioning applies both to injection nozzles or valves in low-pressure systems (approx. 3 bar) and to those with a customary diameter (0.3 to 1 mm) of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 2 shows a basic structure of an injection nozzle 10 according to the invention with a superimposed, rapidly changing stroke movement of the nozzle needle.
  • FIG. 3 shows a corresponding embodiment with a stroke movement of the (valve) seat of the injector 20.
  • Figures 4 and 5 show in side and front view of an embodiment 40 of an apparatus for M 'odul Schl the effective injection port.
  • Figure 6 shows a piezoceramic drive device.
  • FIG. 7 shows an agnetostrictive drive device
  • Figure 8 shows an electrodynamic drive device for an injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a complete configuration of an injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • 11 denotes the nozzle needle, which also acts as a valve needle. It is located in the nozzle part 12 which has the bore shown as the nozzle opening 13. If the injection nozzle is closed, the front end of the nozzle needle 11 closes the nozzle opening 13. The controllable mobility of the nozzle needle 11 is indicated at 14. In the opened state of the injection nozzle, fuel indicated with 15 flows along the nozzle needle 11 and within the nozzle part 12 to the nozzle opening 13, in order to form an injection jet with the characteristic 15 shown, with a conical shape. This jet shape 15 results from the fact that the nozzle needle 11 in the open position is superimposed on the additional alternating stroke movement indicated by 14.
  • FIG. 3 reference can largely be made to the details described for FIG. 2. Reference numerals already described for FIG. 2 have the same or at least meaningful meaning in FIG. 3.
  • alternating stroke movement is provided for the nozzle part 12 with the nozzle opening 13.
  • a beam shape results which essentially corresponds to that of the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show an additional device attached to the nozzle part 12 in the region of the nozzle opening 13.
  • FIG. 5 shows an end view belonging to FIG. 4, ie a view against the sprayed jet.
  • This additional device 51 of the actual injection nozzle of FIGS. 4 and 5 consist of, for example, four rod-shaped extensions 151, each of which are to be excited to perform lifting movements. These lifting movements are indicated by the individual arrows 54.
  • These stroke movements 54 are bending movements of the parts 151.
  • These parts 151 form longitudinal guides for the fuel jet 45 emerging from the nozzle opening 13.
  • the alternating stroke movements 54 which are transverse to its jet direction, lead to a jet shape as shown at 55.
  • the drive element 6 according to FIG. 6 * consists of a stack of piezoelectrically excitable disks 61. These disks are provided with flat electrodes, not shown. Such stacks are known in principle and are also supplied with controlled electrical voltage in the present case. In particular, AC voltage is supplied, preferably with such a frequency that leads to resonant oscillatory movements of the lifting movement 114 of the stack or of the drive 6.
  • FIG. 7 shows a magnetostrictive embodiment 7 of a drive.
  • 71 denotes a rod which can be excited to magnetostriction movements and which is located inside a magnetic field coil 72.
  • This magnetic field coil 72 is supplied with electrical voltage, preferably again. at a frequency that leads to resonance with a natural oscillation of the rod 71, which leads to a correspondingly large stroke amplitude of the stroke movement 114.
  • FIG. 8 shows a drive 8 with plunger coil 81 and pot magnet 82, as is known in principle from loudspeakers. With a corresponding electrical alternating excitation, such a device leads to mechanical lifting movements 114. Resonance excitation can also be effected here.
  • FIG. 9 shows an example of an injection nozzle according to the invention.
  • the details given for the figures described above have the same meaning in FIG. 91 designates an actuator, for example a stack consisting of piezoelectric plates. By applying electrical voltage between the connections 92 and 93, this actuator changes its length and thus drives the plunger 94 and the nozzle needle 11 connected to the plunger 94.
  • the actuator 91 is used to open and close the valve by moving the valve needle 11.
  • the inflow opening of the injection nozzle for the fuel is designated by 95.
  • the drive device for the alternating lifting movement to be carried out according to the invention is designated by 96.
  • this drive device comprises a plurality of stacks 97 with the electrical connecting lines 98 and 99.
  • the alternating drive voltage for this lifting movement is to be applied between the connections 98 and 99.
  • With (changing) changes in length of the plate stack 97 due to the piezoelectric effect there is a corresponding change in length of the housing 100 of the drive device 96. Since, as can be seen from the figure, the outer housing 12 of the injection nozzle is divided (sealed), this nozzle part leads 12 by the operation of the drive 96, the alternating stroke movements according to the invention, in comparison with the nozzle needle which is stationary in this example in the open state. This corresponds to the embodiment variant of the invention already described above in connection with FIG. 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

Buse d'injection comportant un orifice (13) et un pointeau (11), ainsi qu'un entraînement (91) à paramètres d'entrée électriques et un dispositif d'entraînement (96) faisant faire à la partie buse (12) un mouvement de va-et-vient, prioritaire par rapport à l'état ouvert de la buse d'injection. On peut commander le dispositif d'entraînement (96) en faisant varier des paramètres d'entrée électriques et sa structure est telle que la durée de période disponible pour les alternances du mouvement de la buse est au moins assez brève pour représenter une fraction du temps d'ouverture minimum de la buse d'injection.
EP89910599A 1988-09-29 1989-09-28 Buse d'injection de carburant a jet de carburant reglable Expired - Lifetime EP0436586B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3833093A DE3833093A1 (de) 1988-09-29 1988-09-29 Fuer verbrennungskraftmaschine vorgesehene kraftstoff-einspritzduese mit steuerbarer charakteristik des kraftstoffstrahls
DE3833093 1988-09-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0436586A1 true EP0436586A1 (fr) 1991-07-17
EP0436586B1 EP0436586B1 (fr) 1992-12-02

Family

ID=6363986

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89910599A Expired - Lifetime EP0436586B1 (fr) 1988-09-29 1989-09-28 Buse d'injection de carburant a jet de carburant reglable
EP89117969A Expired - Lifetime EP0361480B1 (fr) 1988-09-29 1989-09-28 Buse d'injection de combustible à commande de caractéristique du jet de combustible pour moteur à combustion interne

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89117969A Expired - Lifetime EP0361480B1 (fr) 1988-09-29 1989-09-28 Buse d'injection de combustible à commande de caractéristique du jet de combustible pour moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5199641A (fr)
EP (2) EP0436586B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH04501153A (fr)
DE (2) DE3833093A1 (fr)
ES (2) ES2031331T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990003512A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0436586B1 (fr) 1992-12-02
WO1990003512A1 (fr) 1990-04-05
DE58902915D1 (de) 1993-01-14
US5199641A (en) 1993-04-06
EP0361480B1 (fr) 1992-05-20
DE3833093A1 (de) 1990-04-12
ES2015816A6 (es) 1990-09-01
ES2031331T3 (es) 1992-12-01
JPH04501153A (ja) 1992-02-27
EP0361480A1 (fr) 1990-04-04

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