EP0442873B1 - Procede et dispositif pour le reglage de la valeur de lambda - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour le reglage de la valeur de lambda Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0442873B1
EP0442873B1 EP89903086A EP89903086A EP0442873B1 EP 0442873 B1 EP0442873 B1 EP 0442873B1 EP 89903086 A EP89903086 A EP 89903086A EP 89903086 A EP89903086 A EP 89903086A EP 0442873 B1 EP0442873 B1 EP 0442873B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lambda
value
control
integration
actual
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP89903086A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0442873A1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Schnaibel
Lothar Raff
Günther PLAPP
Cornelius Peter
Michael Westerdorf
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE3837984A external-priority patent/DE3837984A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0442873A1 publication Critical patent/EP0442873A1/fr
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Publication of EP0442873B1 publication Critical patent/EP0442873B1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F02D41/1456—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for regulating the air / fuel mixture to be supplied to an internal combustion engine with the aid of the actual lambda value measured by a lambda probe arranged in front of a catalytic converter.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for performing such a method (compare claims 1.6, first part, see US-A-3 939 654).
  • the rear lambda actual value fluctuates less than the front lambda actual value and that it provides more precise information about the actual lambda value. This is because the lambda value measured by a lambda probe depends not only on the oxygen content of the measured mixture, but also on the content of unburned hydrocarbons. Residual combustion and compensation of fluctuations take place in the catalytic converter, as a result of which the rear lambda probe can determine the actual lambda value of the air / fuel mixture supplied to the internal combustion engine very precisely.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method for lambda control which operates stably and allows a desired lambda setpoint to be set as precisely as possible.
  • the invention is also based on the object of specifying a device for performing such a method.
  • the invention is for the method by the features of claim 1 and for the device by the features of claim 5 given.
  • Advantageous further developments and refinements of the method are the subject of subclaims 2-4.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that a control lambda setpoint, to which the means for lambda control regulates, is formed with the aid of the rear lambda actual value and a default lambda setpoint to which control is ultimately to be used.
  • the setpoint / actual value comparison therefore takes place against the reliable actual lambda value, which enables the lambda value to be set exactly to the actually desired target lambda setpoint.
  • the fact that the difference between the rear lambda actual value and the specified lambda setpoint is not used as a control deviation for a means for lambda control, but rather that the common control deviation between the control lambda setpoint and the front lambda actual value is influenced by an integration value formed with the aid of the difference value a fast, yet stable control behavior.
  • a device for performing such a method has a means for lambda control, a means for forming the difference between a specified lambda setpoint and the rear lambda actual value, a means for integrating the difference and a means for forming the control lambda setpoint using the integration value .
  • the device is preferably designed as a correspondingly programmed microcomputer.
  • the device for lambda control explained below with reference to FIG. 1 is arranged on an internal combustion engine 11 with a catalytic converter 12, a front lambda probe 13.v in front of the catalytic converter and a rear lambda probe 13.h behind the catalytic converter. As functional groups, it has a front subtraction means 14.v, a rear subtraction means 14.h, an integration means 15 and a means for lambda control 16.
  • the control value of the means for lambda control 16 is passed to a multiplication means 17, where it is multiplicatively linked to a preliminary injection time tiv to form an injection time signal ti.
  • the injection time signal is fed to an injection arrangement 18.
  • a rear lambda actual value ⁇ actual-h is measured from the rear lambda probe 13.h, which is subtracted in the rear subtraction means 14.h from the actually desired lambda value, the specified lambda target value ⁇ target-v .
  • the difference is integrated in the integration means 15 and serves as the control lambda setpoint ⁇ setpoint R for the control in the means 16 for Lambda control.
  • the actual lambda actual value ⁇ actual-v is subtracted from the control lambda setpoint in the front subtraction means 14.v, as measured by the front lambda probe 13.v.
  • the control deviation formed in this way is converted by means 16 for lambda control into the control value already mentioned, a control factor FR. This procedure leads to the following control behavior.
  • the default lambda target value is 1 and that at a point in time at which the observation begins, an air / fuel mixture is currently being provided by the injection arrangement 18, which leads to the desired target lambda target value of 1.
  • the internal combustion engine 11 operates at an operating point in which a relatively high percentage of hydrocarbons are generated. These hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas cause the front lambda sensor 13.v to display a richer mixture than is actually present.
  • the measured actual lambda value is z. B. 0.99.
  • the actual lambda value, ie the actual lambda value is exactly 1.
  • the integration means 15 is at the value 1.
  • the difference between the specified lambda target value and the actual lambda value is zero, which is why the integration means 15 does not change the set integration value.
  • the control lambda setpoint value delivered to the front subtraction means 14.v is therefore 1.
  • the lower front lambda actual value is subtracted from this. Because of this control deviation, the means 16 for lambda control ensures that the mixture becomes leaner.
  • the actual lambda actual value increases in direction 1 and the actual lambda actual value rises above 1.
  • the difference value formed by the rear subtraction means 14.h thereby becomes negative, as a result of which the integration value, that is to say the control lambda setpoint, is lowered by the integration means 15. If there has been a decrease down to 0.99, the following conditions exist.
  • the injection arrangement 18 again ensures an air / fuel mixture with the lambda value 1
  • Front lambda probe 13.v measures the actual lambda value in front 0.99. This corresponds exactly to the control lambda setpoint, which is why the lambda control 16 leaves the control value unchanged, so that the injection arrangement continues to ensure a mixture with the specified lambda value 1.
  • the rear lambda probe 13.h measures the lambda value 1. Since this corresponds to the specified lambda target value, the integration value from the integration means 15 remains unchanged at 0.99.
  • the aforementioned coupling of signals ensures that the means for the lambda control 16 exactly reaches the desired target lambda setpoint, although the actual lambda value used for the control incorrectly measures the actual lambda value.
  • regulation to the correct value takes place at a relatively slow speed. This is because, due to the dead time already mentioned, the speed at which the integration means 15 integrates must not be very high. You will z. B. selected so that the oscillation of the actual lambda value around an average is approximately 1/5 to 1/10 of the control oscillation in the control circuit with the means 16 for lambda control.
  • a means 21 for integration release is shown, which acts on the integration means 15. It is used to block the integration process when special conditions exist in which there is no regulation to a desired lambda value, e.g. B. in overrun cut-off mode or in full load operation.
  • the same lambda value is not continuously regulated, but different lambda values are desired for different operating states.
  • the oil is enriched with increasing load in order to counteract an increase in nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Accordingly, one does not become a single one when practicing the invention
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 2 has a default lambda setpoint map 19 which can be addressed via values of the speed n and a load-dependent variable L.
  • the default lambda target value ⁇ target V read in each case is in turn given to the rear subtraction means 14.h.
  • the rest of the arrangement essentially corresponds to that of FIG. 1. Only the means for enabling integration 21 are missing. The reason for this is explained further below.
  • addition means 20 The purpose of the addition means 20 will be explained using an example. It is initially assumed that this addition means is missing, that is to say the structure according to FIG. 1 is present, but gives the default lambda target values to the rear subtraction means 14.h with a default lambda target value map. First of all, let the output value be 1. The state explained with reference to FIG. 1 then exists, in which the actual lambda actual value is 0.99. Now the operating point changes, which results in a new default lambda setpoint of 0.98. The actual lambda actual value measured at this lambda value is 0.97. The integration means 15 must then integrate in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 from 0.99 to 0.97, which takes up a lot of time. In the embodiment according to FIG.
  • the integration means 15 integrates to - 0.001 if the specified lambda setpoint 1 and the lambda actual value front is 0.99.
  • the default lambda setpoint jumps from 1 to 0.98 with an associated actual lambda value of 0.97, the new value of 0.98 is given directly to the addition means 20.
  • the integration value remains at 0.01.
  • a change in the default lambda setpoint thus directly affects the means for lambda control 16 without the integration means 15 having to be active. It only has to take action if there is a different difference between the actual lambda value rear and the actual lambda value for the new operating point than for the operating point that previously existed.
  • the integration value corresponds to the difference between the actual lambda value rear and the actual lambda value for the relevant operating point. If there is a change from one operating point to another, the new default lambda setpoint from the default lambda setpoint map 19 and the associated integration value from the associated map point of the adder 15 arrive at the addition means 20. There are no map points for different values of the addressing variables. No integration value is output for these points, which corresponds to the blocking of integration by the means for integration release 21 in the embodiment according to FIG. 1.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIG. 2 in that it is not the default lambda target value from the default lambda target value map 19 that is given to the addition means 20 as the lambda target value, but a pre-probe lambda target value from a pre-probe lambda target value. Map 22.
  • the content of this pre-probe lambda setpoint map 22 is identical to the content of a conventional lambda setpoint map.
  • One of these has already taken into account that the lambda probe arranged in front of the catalytic converter increasingly measures incorrectly with increasing hydrocarbon content in the exhaust gas. Is before a certain operating point, for.
  • the value 0.96 is stored for the operating point in question in the conventional map and thus also in the pre-probe lambda setpoint map.
  • the lambda value 0.98 is actually set with this setpoint.
  • the pre-probe lambda setpoints and the default lambda setpoints are recorded for all operating points using a measurement setup.
  • the values are stored in the maps. If an engine used in practice exactly matches the engine with which the measurement was made and if this also applies to the lambda probes used, the integration means 15 never need to be integrated, since for each operating point the predefined lambda setpoint value is accurate for each operating point the associated default lambda setpoint results. Soak the characteristics of the engine or probes, however, on the properties of the parts that were used when recording the characteristic maps, be it due to manufacturing-related scattering or be it due to aging, the integration means 15 compensates for the deviation.
  • the compensating integration value is the same for all operating points.
  • the integration means 15 can accordingly be set to a very slow integration speed. Rapidly changing differences from operating point to operating point in the difference between the actual lambda value front and the actual lambda value rear are compensated for by the different lambda setpoints from the two maps. Long-term changes or differences in scatter are eliminated by the initial value of the integration means 15. If it is to be taken into account that changes in aging or differences in variation can be dependent on the operating point, this can be done by adaptively changing the values in the pre-probe lambda setpoint map 22. This is indicated in Fig. 3 by the fact that the output signal from the integrator 15 acts on the mentioned map. Structural adaptation takes place by changing the map values. A part of the integration value from the integration means 15 can be used for global adaptation. With regard to applicable adaptation methods, reference is again made to the above-mentioned patent application.
  • the lambda value-voltage characteristic of a lambda probe is non-linear in all its areas. However, it can be linearized in various areas with fairly good accuracy, e.g. B. in a range of about +/- 3% around the lambda value 1. With the help of the linearized characteristic, a relatively simple control procedure can be carried out. However, due to the small differences between the actual characteristic curve and the linearized characteristic curve, there are slight deviations between the actual lambda value and the measured value. It is then slightly incorrectly regulated. The integration means 15 is also able to correct this error, as described above with reference to the hydrocarbon error.
  • the linearization error just described has a particularly negative effect if the lambda sensor is operated temporarily at a temperature that is relatively far from the temperature for which the actual characteristic curve was determined, from which the linearization was then carried out.
  • the characteristic curve changes depending on the temperature.
  • the rate of change of the probe temperature is lower than the rate of integration of the integration means 15. If the actual lambda value is incorrectly measured on the front lambda probe 13.v due to the shift in the characteristic curve, this error is also eliminated with the aid of the rear lambda probe 13. h and the integration means 15 balanced. This is possible because the temperature behind the catalyst 12 fluctuates significantly less than in front of it.
  • the integration means 15 changes the control lambda setpoint for the means 16 for lambda control the faster the further the actual lambda value deviates from the lambda setpoint. This ensures that the desired lambda setpoint is reached as quickly as possible.
  • the speed of integration must not be too high, since, due to the dead time mentioned at the beginning, a control oscillation could otherwise be built up. It is therefore advisable to limit the integration speed upwards.
  • a method in which the speed of integration remains constant regardless of the value of the difference mentioned is simpler to carry out. This integration speed is chosen to be as high as possible, but only so high that even in the worst case there are no control oscillations with an impermissibly high amplitude.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif de réglage de la valeur de lambda opérant sur un moteur à combustion interne (11) équipé d'un catalyseur (12), d'une sonde lambda (13.v) placée avant celui-ci et d'une deuxième sonde lambda (13.h) placée après. Le dispositif intègre, à l'aide d'un intégrateur (15), la différence entre la valeur effective de lambda mesurée par la sonde arrière et la valeur de consigne de lambda sur laquelle doit se faire le réglage. La valeur d'intégration est employée comme valeur de consigne et de réglage pour un dispositif (16) de réglage de la valeur de lambda. Ce dispositif et le procédé correspondant permettent un réglage sur les valeurs de consigne de lambda souhaitées, même lorsque la sonde avant effectue des mesures erronées, par exemple à cause de la présence d'hydrocarbures dans les gaz d'échappement avant le catalyseur, ou dans le cas d'un réglage en continu, du fait d'une linéarisation défectueuse de la courbe caractéristique de la sonde.

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé de régulation lambda, selon lequel on régule le coefficient lambda d'un mélange air/carburant alimentant un moteur thermique, suivant une valeur de consigne de régulation de lambda (λcons-R) à l'aide d'une valeur réelle amont de lambda (λréel-V) mesurée par une sonde lambda placée en amont d'un catalyseur et d'une valeur réelle aval de lambda (λréel-H) mesurée par une seconde sonde lambda en aval du catalyseur, procédé selon lequel on forme une différence entre la valeur aval et une valeur de consigne prédéterminée (λcons-V) et avec cette différence on forme une valeur d'intégration et on forme la valeur de consigne de régulation lambda en fonction de la valeur d'intégration et d'une autre valeur de consigne prédéterminée de lambda (λcons-VS),
    procédé caractérisé en ce qu'on modifie les valeurs de consigne prédéterminées de lambda selon les paramètres de fonctionnement, l'une des valeurs de consigne prédéterminée de lambda (λcons-V) étant le cas échéant identique à une autre valeur de consigne prédéterminée de lambda (λcons-VS).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on forme la valeur de consigne de régulation de lambda (λcons-R) par addition de la valeur d'intégration à la valeur de consigne prédéterminée de lambda (λcons-V) (figure 2).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on forme la valeur de consigne de régulation de lambda (λcons-R) par addition de la valeur d'intégration à une valeur de consigne de lambda de sonde amont (λcons-VS) (figure 3).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise les valeurs d'intégration pour l'adaptation.
  5. Dispositif de régulation lambda comprenant :
    - un moyen (16, 1f4v) pour la régulation lambda sur une valeur de consigne de régulation de lambda (λcons-R), ce moyen recevant comme valeur réelle la valeur réelle amont de lambda (λréel-V) mesurée par une sonde lambda (13.v) montée en amont d'un catalyseur (12),
    - un moyen (14.h) pour former une différence entre une valeur de consigne prédéterminée de lambda (λcons-V) et une valeur réelle aval de lambda (λréel-H) mesurée par une sonde lambda (13.h) placée en aval du catalyseur,
    - un moyen (15) pour intégrer la différence et
    - un moyen (15 ; 20) pour former la valeur de consigne de régulation de lambda à l'aide de la valeur d'intégration,
    dispositif caractérisé par un champ de caractéristiques de valeurs de consigne, prédéterminées de lambda (19).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par un champ de caractéristiques de valeurs de consigne de la sonde amont du coefficient lambda (22) et un moyen additionnel (20) qui forme la valeur de consigne de lambda de régulation à partir de la valeur d'intégration respective et de la valeur respective de consigne de sonde amont de lambda (λcons-VS).
EP89903086A 1988-11-09 1989-03-17 Procede et dispositif pour le reglage de la valeur de lambda Expired - Lifetime EP0442873B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3837984 1988-11-09
DE3837984A DE3837984A1 (de) 1987-11-10 1988-11-09 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur lambdaregelung

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EP0442873A1 EP0442873A1 (fr) 1991-08-28
EP0442873B1 true EP0442873B1 (fr) 1993-08-18

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US (1) US5224345A (fr)
EP (1) EP0442873B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3040411B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR0137138B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE58905338D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990005240A1 (fr)

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FR2833309A1 (fr) * 2001-12-07 2003-06-13 Renault Dispositif de regulation de la richesse d'un moteur a combustion interne

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JPH04501447A (ja) 1992-03-12
WO1990005240A1 (fr) 1990-05-17
DE58905338D1 (de) 1993-09-23
EP0442873A1 (fr) 1991-08-28
JP3040411B2 (ja) 2000-05-15
KR900702202A (ko) 1990-12-06
US5224345A (en) 1993-07-06
KR0137138B1 (ko) 1998-04-25

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