Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
  • A23G1/00—Cocoa; Cocoa products, e.g. chocolate; Substitutes therefor
  • A23G1/04—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of cocoa or cocoa products
  • A23G1/10—Mixing apparatus; Roller mills for preparing chocolate
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
  • A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
  • A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
  • A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
  • A21D8/042—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes with enzymes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
  • A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
  • A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
  • A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
  • A21D2/36—Vegetable material

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a biscuit and a method for producing a biscuit by performing enzyme treatment, in particular relates to a biscuit and a method in which, for example, potato, corn, soybean or the like is used as partial substitution of wheat flour, and an adding amount of these materials to a biscuit can be increased by the enzyme treatment, thereby it is realized to provide a biscuit having a taste, flavor and mouth-feel lacking for conventional ones.
• biscuits are produced by adding only wheat flour as cereal flour to a dough in many cases.
• Corn starch, corn flour, or the like is sometimes used as a starch component other than wheat flour, however, its adding amount usually does not exceed several %.
• Various biscuits are produced at present, however, it is considered that these show such diversity included in a range of dough in which wheat flour is used as almost all of the materials at most, so that from this meaning, it is also considered that a biscuit in which a large amount of cereal flour or cereals other than wheat flour are added to a biscuit dough exceeds the range of diversity of the conventional biscuits.
• the inconvenient factors which deteriorate the mouth-feel of the product such as the powder feeling, the stickness, the rough feeling and the like peculiar to the components of the material other than wheat flour such as potato, corn, soybean and the like are caused by physicochemical characteristics peculiar to these materials. If these inconvenient factors are intended to be decreased, and the physicochemical characteristics of the materials are improved to control and remove the inconvenient factors, then there causes such a possibility that the taste and flavor and the mouth-feel lacking for the conventional ones which are advantages of these materials are deteriorated at the same time. Therefore, when production of a biscuit is planned in which the material other than wheat flour is utilized to make the best of the unique taste and flavor and the mouth-feel of the original material, it is necessary to specifically control and remove only the factors inconvenient for the biscuit production.
• the object of the present invention is to use a relatively large amount of cereals such as potato, corn, soybean, or the like as partial substitution of wheat flour, and only the factors inconvenient for the biscuit production given by these materials are specifically controlled and removed, so as to control the leavening (processing by baking) by the adjustment of water retentivity of starch and the like and control the powder feeling, the stickness, the rough feeling and the like given by the components of the materials to be used themselves, thereby the adding amount of these materials to a biscuit is increased to produce a biscuit having a taste and flavor and a mouth-feel lacking for the conventional ones.
• cereals such as potato, corn, soybean, or the like
• a biscuit by enzyme treatment comprising a material selected from the group consisting of cereals such as potato, corn, soybean or the like added to a dough as partial substitution of wheat flour, having been subjected to enzyme treatment with amylase alone or with combination of amylase and protease, followed by molding and baking.
• a method for producing a biscuit wherein a material selected from the group consisting of cereals such as potato, corn, soybean or the like is added to a dough as partial substitution of wheat flour, and enzyme treatment is performed with amylase alone or with combination of amylase and protease, followed by molding and baking.
• cereal powder or cereals subjected to the enzyme action by amylase alone or the combination of amylase and protease can be used.
• the cereal powder or cereals are preferably added as granule materials or powder materials.
• amylase and protease can be used as the enzyme.
• biscuit dough containing potato not less than 15% by dry weight are added 0.001 to 1.0% of amylase or amylase and protease respectively, and the enzyme treatment is performed, followed by molding and baking.
• the adding amount of potato to the dough is preferably 15 to 40%, most preferably 25 to 35% by dry weight, thereby a product having a stable quality can be obtained. If it is not more than 15%, the potato taste and flavor is deficient, and if it exceeds 40%, there is given such a tendency that sufficient leavening cannot be obtained even after the amylase treatment. Conventionally, when it is not less than 15%, "floating" (leavening) is not provided, thus the mouth-feel has been very hard. This is considered to be due to the influence of the water retentivity of starch.
• the enzyme to be used for the treatment of the potato-containing dough is amylase alone or the combination of amylase and protease, and the adding amount is in a range of 0.001 to 1.0% respectively, however, it is preferable as activity that amylase is 3500 to 35000 units and protease is 3000 to 30000 units (determined by the FCC method for both of them) for one kg of potato (dry weight). If amylase is less than 0.001%, the effect on improvement of leavening is not provided, and if it exceeds 1.0%, the control of the treatment time becomes difficult, sometimes resulting in deterioration of the taste and flavor.
• the biscuit dough containing corn not less than 15%, preferably not less than 20 to 45% by dry weight is added the combination of 0.001 to 1.0% of amylase and protease respectively, and the enzyme treatment is performed, followed by molding and baking.
• the biscuit dough containing soybean not less than 15% by dry weight is added the combination of 0.001 to 1.0% of amylase and protease respectively, and the enzyme treatment is performed, followed by molding and baking.
• various materials other than wheat flour can be used, and especially for the cereals such as potato, corn, and soybean, the use of amylase and protease is especially effective.
• the treatment condition should be optionally determined depending on the type of the material, the adding amount, the type of the enzyme and its adding amount, however, in general the treatment temperature can be 30 to 50° C, and the treatment time can be 30 to 300 minutes. Evaluation of the treatment can be carried out, for example, by the mouth-feel of the product and the specific gravity of the product.
• the present invention can be applied to other confectionery such as cookies, crackers and the like.
• the material other than wheat flour such as cereals of potato, corn, soybean and the like has the inconvenient factors to deteriorate the mouth-feel of the product such as the powder feeling, the stickness, the rough feeling and the like peculiar to it, however, when the production of a biscuit is planned in which the original and unique taste and flavor and the mouth-feel of the material are sufficiently utilized, it is necessary to specifically control and remove only the factors inconvenient for the biscuit production with maintaining the unique taste and flavor and the mouth-feel.
• these materials other than wheat flour are used as the partial substitution of wheat flour, and it is made possible to increase the adding amount of these materials to the biscuit by the enzyme treatment, thereby it is realized that the biscuit having the taste and flavor and the mouth-feel lacking for the conventional ones is provided.
• the present invention only the factors of these materials inconvenient for the biscuit production are specifically controlled and removed by the enzyme treatment, and the reduction of the water retentivity of starch, the improvement in processing by baking and leavening, and the reduction of the stickness are designed, so as to increase the adding amount of these materials to the biscuit, so that there can be provided the biscuit having the taste and flavor and the mouth-feel lacking for the conventional ones.
• the adding amount of potato can be greatly increased by the treatment of the present inventoin notwithstanding the conventional limit of 5 to 10%, and the potato feeling can be increased. This makes it possible to produce a hard dough biscuit which has the potato feeling and is light and crisp having little powder feeling.
• the enzyme treatment production method of the material other than wheat flour makes it possible to increase the adding amount of the material which could be added in a little amount in the conventional ones, and the biscuit having a novel taste, flavor and mouth-feel can be obtained which could not be obtained only by wheat flour.
• the treatment of amylase alone or of the combination of amylase and protease can improve the processing by baking and leavening by the adjustment of the water retentivity and reduce the powder feeling, the stickness, the rough feeling and the like given by the components of the material themselves, so that the adding amount to the biscuit can be increased.
• the biscuit having a blending ratio which could not been achieved only by wheat flour for example, a hard dough biscut having a large amount of oils and fats and the like
• the biscuit having the mouth-feel lacking for the conventional ones can be obtained in which the original mouth-feel of the material itself is sufficiently utilized.
• the material other than wheat flour such as for example potato, corn, soybean and the like is contained as the partial substitution of wheat flour by not less than 15%, and by means of the enzyme treatment, only the inconvenient factors for biscuit production given by these materials are specifically controlled and removed, and the leavening (processing by baking) is controlled by the adjustment of the water retentivity of starch, protein or the like, and the powder feeling, the stickness, the rough feeling and the like given by the components of the material to be used themselves are controlled, thereby the limit of the adding amount of these meterials to the biscuit is increased, and the biscuit having the taste and flavor and the mouth-feel lacking for the conventional ones can be produced in which the taste and flavor of the material is sufficiently utilized.
• the leavening processing by baking
• a hard dough biscuit was produced in the same manner with the enzyme treatment time of 0 minute to be a group of amylase addition and 0 minutes treatment (Comparative test 1).
• This biscuit had the potato feeling, which was a light and crisp hard dough biscuit having little powder feeling.
• a biscuit dough containing 30% of corn flour in which 0.1% of Protease P (Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and 0.03% of Kokulase (Sankyo Co., Ltd.) as amylase were added was prepared, which was treated at 40 °C for 45 minutes, followed by rolling, laminating, demolding, and baking to obtain a hard dough biscuit.
• a biscuit dough containing 25% of roasted soybean powder in which 0.02% of Amylase AD (Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) as amylase and IP-Protease (Seisin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) as protease were added was treated at 37 ° C for 60 minutes, followed by molding and baking to obtain a biscuit.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=12523313

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (4)

Citations (5)

• 1990
  • 1990-02-21 JP JP2038367A patent/JPH03244340A/ja active Granted
• 1991
  • 1991-02-20 EP EP91102458A patent/EP0445585A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-02-21 KR KR1019910002809A patent/KR910021214A/ko not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events