EP0447323A1 - Emaillierungsverfahren auf Metallen ohne Entfettung, insbesondere auf Stahlblech und Zusammensetzung für Emaillierung ohne Entfettung - Google Patents
Emaillierungsverfahren auf Metallen ohne Entfettung, insbesondere auf Stahlblech und Zusammensetzung für Emaillierung ohne Entfettung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0447323A1 EP0447323A1 EP91400698A EP91400698A EP0447323A1 EP 0447323 A1 EP0447323 A1 EP 0447323A1 EP 91400698 A EP91400698 A EP 91400698A EP 91400698 A EP91400698 A EP 91400698A EP 0447323 A1 EP0447323 A1 EP 0447323A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- enamelling
- composition
- article
- degreasing
- enamel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000004534 enameling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-chloro-2-n,2-n-diethylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)C1=NC(N)=CC(Cl)=N1 XZIIFPSPUDAGJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 KVCGISUBCHHTDD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940035044 sorbitan monolaurate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014510 cooky Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000847 nonoxynol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000007928 solubilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005063 solubilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 2
- QYLJIYOGHRGUIH-CIUDSAMLSA-N Arg-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N QYLJIYOGHRGUIH-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty amide compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Substances [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
- C23D5/02—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers by wet methods
Definitions
- the invention relates to an enamelling process without degreasing on metals. It also relates to an enameling composition allowing enamelling on metals without prior degreasing.
- French patent application No. 2,633,312 relates to an enamelling process on a metallic article, in particular on steel sheet, consisting in applying by liquid means at least one layer of mass, characterized in that one adds , to a liquid enameling composition, at least one hydrophilic surfactant or emulsifier, in that this enameling composition is applied directly, to which the surfactant has been added, on the article , without first performing on it a degreasing and / or acid pickling treatment, and in that one then proceeds to vitrification, by cooking, of the enamel deposited on the article thus treated, the greases present on the article and the surfactants disappearing during baking, which prevents enamel defects after baking.
- an appearance layer is applied.
- the aforementioned patent application also relates to an enameling composition, allowing enamelling on metals, in particular on steel sheet, without degreasing or acid pickling before the application of the enameling composition, characterized in that it comprises at least one hydrophilic surfactant or emulsifier product.
- the surfactant product consists of polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monolaurate, preferably in a content of around 0.5%.
- the present application relates to improvements to the enamelling compositions of the type of those mentioned in this patent application and relates to an enamelling process on a metallic article, in particular on steel sheet, on aluminum sheet or on sheet metal. of steel coated with aluminum, as well as an enameling composition.
- the surfactant advantageously consisted of polyoxyethylenated sorbitan monolaurate (which is the ester resulting from the saponification of lauric acid by sorbitol), sold in particular under the name commercial "TWEEN 20", this product having an HLB index of 16.7.
- the content of hydrophilic surfactant or emulsifier added was generally of the order of 0.2 to 5%, in particular of the order of 0.5% in the case of sorbitan monolaurate polyoxyethylenated, and the surfactant or emulsifier compound in question had an HLB index (average in the case of several compounds) greater than 10, a value which corresponds to the solubilization of the oil in water.
- the invention therefore relates to an enamelling process on a metallic article, in particular on steel sheet, but also on aluminum sheet or on steel sheet coated with aluminum, consisting in applying by liquid at least one mass layer (or covering enamel in the case of non-ferrous supports), characterized in that at least one lipophilic surfactant or emulsifier product is added to a liquid enameling composition, that this enameling composition, to which the surfactant has been added, is applied directly to the article, without first performing on it a surface treatment for degreasing and / or acid pickling, and in that that one then proceeds to vitrification, by cooking, of the enamel deposited on the article thus treated, the fats present on the article and the surfactants disappearing during cooking, which avoids the defects of enameling after firing.
- composition enamelling allowing enamelling on metals, in particular on steel sheet, on aluminum sheet or on steel sheet coated with aluminum, without degreasing or acid pickling before application of the enameling composition , characterized in that it comprises at least one lipophilic surfactant or emulsifier product.
- lipophilic surfactants and preferably diethanolamide of coconut fatty acid with an HLB index close to 2.4, has made it possible to increase the duration of use of liquid enamel slip from 2 days to more than 21 days, to dry these enamels at temperatures above 140 ° C, which was previously impossible, and to significantly reduce the brittleness of the dry enamel cookie.
- the content of lipophilic surfactant added is of the order of 0.1 to 5%, preferably of the order of 0.2% to 3%, and in particular of the order of 0.5% in the case of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide.
- the enameling composition according to the invention comprises of the order of 0.1 to 5%, and preferably of the order of 0.2% to 3%, of at least one lipophilic surfactant compound having a HLB index (average, in the case of several compounds) less than 10.
- composition comprising of the order of 0.5% diethanolamide of coconut fatty acid.
- lipophilic surfactants can also be used. Those based on coconut fatty amide compounds have been tested with good results. Mention may be made, among these, of coconut oil diethanolamide and the condensate of coconut monoalkylolamide and ethoxylated oxide.
- a hydrophilic surfactant and / or a solubilizing agent of the sodium toluene sulfonate type may be added to the enameling composition according to the invention in order to increase the wettability of the composition and / or to increase the solubilization oil in the water.
- This mass is then dry-dried, in a ball mill, to a fineness of 6 to 7% using a 200 mesh sieve (opening of 75 microns, wire diameter of 0.05 mm), this mass with the following additives:
- the powder thus obtained is disintegrated in an aqueous medium, and a slip having a density of approximately 1.68 is obtained.
- the slip thus obtained is applied in an amount of between 300 and 450 g / m2 of sheet metal on one side or on both sides thereof by means of a gun, electrostatic or not.
- the powder thus obtained is disintegrated in an aqueous medium and a slip having a density between 1.53 and 1.60 is obtained.
- This slip is applied by means of a gun, electrostatically for example, on a sheet which is not degreased but freshly stamped, and this in an amount of 50 to 150 g of dry enamel per m2 of sheet.
- a second layer of enamel is applied electrostatically to the layer of dry mass.
- Cooking is carried out in a continuous oven, the heating zones of which are maintained at temperatures between 800 and 850 ° C. for 4 to 8 minutes.
- Example 2 The same slurry as that of Example 2 is used to apply the mass layer (first layer).
- This white enamel is dry milled in a ball mill to a fineness of 10% using the aforementioned 325 mesh sieve with the following products:
- the above composition is applied to the still wet mass layer, using a spray gun, to form the finishing layer, and the baking is carried out in a continuous oven, the heating zones of which are maintained at a temperature between 800 and 850 ° C for 4 to 8 minutes.
- Liquid coating of a covering enamel layer on an aluminum article Liquid coating of a covering enamel layer on an aluminum article.
- a covering enameling composition is applied on an aluminized article (aluminum coated steel sheet or aluminum sheet) still covered with rolling and / or drawing oil.
- This slip is mixed with 0.5% diethanolamide of coconut fatty acid.
- the enamel slip thus obtained is applied to the aluminized part, in a thickness of between 50 and 80 microns.
- the part thus coated is then baked in an oven (box or continuous), the heating zones of which are maintained at temperatures between 500 and 580 ° C. for 5 to 10 minutes.
- Liquid coating of a catalytic self-cleaning enamel layer on an aluminized article (aluminum coated steel sheet or aluminum sheet).
- This slip is mixed with 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% of a mixture of composition:
- the enamel slip thus obtained is applied to the aluminized part in a thickness of between 100 and 150 microns.
- the part thus coated is then baked in an oven (box or continuous), the heating zones of which are maintained at temperatures between 500 and 580 ° C. for 5 to 10 minutes.
- the parts thus treated are identical to the parts produced with a preliminary degreasing, both in terms of adhesion and of the surface appearance.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9003337A FR2659666B1 (fr) | 1990-03-15 | 1990-03-15 | Procede d'emaillage sans degraissage sur metaux, notamment sur tole d'acier, et composition d'emaillage sans degraissage. |
| FR9003337 | 1990-03-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0447323A1 true EP0447323A1 (de) | 1991-09-18 |
Family
ID=9394778
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91400698A Withdrawn EP0447323A1 (de) | 1990-03-15 | 1991-03-14 | Emaillierungsverfahren auf Metallen ohne Entfettung, insbesondere auf Stahlblech und Zusammensetzung für Emaillierung ohne Entfettung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0447323A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2659666B1 (de) |
| MA (1) | MA22082A1 (de) |
| TN (1) | TNSN91013A1 (de) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0348291A1 (de) * | 1988-06-22 | 1989-12-27 | Ferro Corporation | Emaillierungsverfahren auf Metallen, insbesondere auf Stahlblechen und Emailzusammensetzungen |
-
1990
- 1990-03-15 FR FR9003337A patent/FR2659666B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-11 MA MA22355A patent/MA22082A1/fr unknown
- 1991-03-14 EP EP91400698A patent/EP0447323A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-03-15 TN TNSN91013 patent/TNSN91013A1/fr unknown
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0348291A1 (de) * | 1988-06-22 | 1989-12-27 | Ferro Corporation | Emaillierungsverfahren auf Metallen, insbesondere auf Stahlblechen und Emailzusammensetzungen |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MA22082A1 (fr) | 1991-10-01 |
| TNSN91013A1 (fr) | 1992-10-25 |
| FR2659666A1 (fr) | 1991-09-20 |
| FR2659666B1 (fr) | 1992-07-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES GB GR IT LI LU NL SE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19910909 |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19931213 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19940426 |