EP0447701A1 - Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0447701A1
EP0447701A1 EP90302967A EP90302967A EP0447701A1 EP 0447701 A1 EP0447701 A1 EP 0447701A1 EP 90302967 A EP90302967 A EP 90302967A EP 90302967 A EP90302967 A EP 90302967A EP 0447701 A1 EP0447701 A1 EP 0447701A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
matrix composite
metal matrix
heat resisting
aluminum alloy
resisting member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90302967A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0447701B1 (de
Inventor
Yoshihiro Suzuki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Engine Components Japan Corp
Original Assignee
Izumi Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to JP63285732A priority Critical patent/JPH02133534A/ja
Application filed by Izumi Industries Ltd filed Critical Izumi Industries Ltd
Priority to DE69021369T priority patent/DE69021369T2/de
Priority to EP90302967A priority patent/EP0447701B1/de
Publication of EP0447701A1 publication Critical patent/EP0447701A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0447701B1 publication Critical patent/EP0447701B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
    • C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
    • C22C49/04—Light metals
    • C22C49/06—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
    • F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
    • F02F2003/0061—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping by welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/042—Expansivity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/16—Fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to a heat resisting aluminum alloy member reinforced locally by inorganic fibers, and a productive method of the same, and particularly but not exclusively is applicable to a piston head, a cylinder head and the like of an internal combustion engine.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the reinforced portion becomes very small compared with that of non- reinforced body portion, so that a difference of thermal expansion coefficient at an interface between the reinforced portion and the non-reinforced body portion of the member will cause a high stress at the interface at higher temperatures and finally cracks are initiated in the interface under the repetition of thermal loads.
  • One effective means of escaping from such damage is to enlarge the reinforced portion to keep the interface away from the hottest zone, lest the interface should be exposed to high temperatures, but according to such means, the amount of the expensive inorganic fiber increases to make the reinforced portion, and as a result, the cost of the heat resisting member will be raised.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heat resisting aluminum alloy member with local metal matrix composite and a productive method of the same, wherein the combination of a matrix and reinforcing material for the metal matrix composite is optimized so as to give the highest heat resistant property to the metal matrix composite, and thus, the components of the aluminum alloy matrix to form the metal matrix composite are generally different from those of the aluminum alloy matrix of the body portion of the heat resisting member.
  • a heat resisting member of aluminum alloy with local metal matrix composite which comprises inorganic fibers the matrix aluminum alloy of the metal matrix composite contains Si, Cu, Ni and Mg at less than 1%; Fe and Mn, which exist as impurities, at less than 0.5%; and other impurities at less than 0.3%. Higher content of the above alloying elements will reduce the heat resistant property of the metal matrix composite containing fibrous material.
  • a volumetric ratio of the inorganic fibers of the metal matrix composite lies within a range of 5 to 25%.
  • the reinforcing materal in the metal matrix composite is inorganic fiber, and an aluminum alloy matrix reinforced by the inorganic fibers contains Si, Cu, Ni and Mg at less than 1%; Fe and Mn, which exist as impurities, at less than 0.5%; and other impurties at less than 0.3%, and the metal matrix composite is welded to the body portion of the heat resisting member so as to locally reinforce the heat resisting member.
  • alloying elements which are added to an aluminum alloy matrix to increase its strength exert rather an unfavorable influence upon crack initiation caused by cyclic thermal shocks, and inorganic fibers in the metal matrix composite produce a very good effect on the crack prevention. That is, when the alloying elements, such as Si, Cu, Ni, Mg and the like, exist at less than 1%, the elongation, at high temperatures, of the aluminum alloy is very improved. Further, it produces a good effect on the crack prevention if the alloying elements, such as Si, Cu, Ni, Mg and the like, exist at less than 1%, the elongation, at high temperatures, of the aluminum alloy is very improved. Further, it produces a good effect on the crack prevention if the alloying elements, such as Si, Cu, Ni, Mg and the like, exist at less than 1%, the elongation, at high temperatures, of the aluminum alloy is very improved. Further, it produces a good effect on the crack prevention if the alloying elements, such as Si, Cu, Ni, Mg and the
  • a preform 1 is made of Sic-whisker (manufactured by "Tokai-Carbon” Co, Ltd. and identified by " ⁇ -type whisker") so as to have a volumetric ratio V f of 15%, and set in a metal mold 2. Then, molten pure aluminum of 99.7% is poured into the metal mold 2 as shown in Figure 2, and a pressure of 800kgf/cm2 is applied on the molten aluminum to squeeze the melt into the fine cavities of the whisker preform (Fig. 3) to produce the metal matrix composite. The composite is machined to the form 3 in Fig. 4. Shown in Figure 7 is a relationships between V f of reinforcing fiber in the metal matrix composite and the tensile strength of the metal matrix composite.
  • a piston body 4 to be reinforced by the metal matrix composite 3 is made of aluminum alloy (JIS:AC8A) by gravity casting, and in the piston body 4, a tapered portion 4b is provided on the outlet of the combustion chamber 4a as shown in Figure 5 to fit the metal matrix composite 3 therein.
  • the metal matrix composite 3 is welded to the piston body 4 by electron beam welding ( Figure 6).
  • a piston to be compared with the above piston is made by a conventional process. That is, a preform 11 is made of Sic-whisker (the same as that described above) so as to have a volumetric ratio V f of 15%, and set in a metal mold 12 as shown in Figure 8. Then, molten aluminum alloy (JIS:AC8A) is poured into the metal mold 12 ( Figure 9), and after the metal mold 12 is closed up tight as shown in aluminum alloy contains Fe and Mn, which exist as impurities, at less than 0.5%, and other impurities at less than 0.3%.
  • JIS:AC8A molten aluminum alloy
  • a metallic fiber, a carbon fiber, an alumina fiber, a boric alumina fiber or an alumina-silica fiber can be used as the fibrous inorganic material and whisker such as SiC, silicon nitride or boric alumina produces a better effect on the crack prevention.
  • the volumetric ratio of the inorganic fiber should be selected within a range of 5 to 25%, because heat resistant property is hardly improved if the volumetric ratio is at less than 5%, and if the volumetric ratio is at more than 25%, the thermal expansion coefficient of the metal matrix composite becomes too small, compared with that of the body member, so that cracks are easily initiated in an interface between the metal matrix composite and the body member alluminum alloy due to great difference of the coefficients of expansion between them.
  • a metal matrix composite is made of a inorganic fiber whose volumetric ratio is selected within the range of 5 to 25%, and an aluminum base metal which contains Si, Cu, Ni and Mg at less than 1%; Fe and Mn at less than 0.5%; and impurities at less than 0.3%, and thereafter, welded to the body portion of a heat resisting member by electron beam welding, friction welding or the like so as to obtain the partially reinforced heat resisting memebr.
  • the melt is squeezed into fine cavities of the whisker preform under a pressure of 800kgf/cm2 to form local metal matrix composite on a piston head. Thereafter, the piston shown in Figure 11 is machined from the casting.
  • a thermal shock test is conducted to compare the piston of this invention with the conventional piston.
  • the piston is exposed to alternate temperatures of 400 and 150°C, and the cycle is 12 seconds.
  • the coefficient of expansion of the piston body is nearer to that of the reinforced portion of the piston of this invention than to that of the reinforced portion of the conventional piston. It seems a reason why the piston of this invention shows no crack at the interface between reinforced portion and the body portion.
  • the invention is applied to the piston of the internal combustion engine, but it is widely applicable to such members which are exposed to a cyclic local thermal load as to be locally exposed to the repetition of heat cycles.
  • the composite material 3 is fixed to the piston body 4 by electron beam welding, but it can be fixed also by friction welding.
  • the matrix alloy of the reinforced portion contains only a small amount of alloying elements, which are added normally to aluminum alloy members but have negative effects on thermal shock resistance, in order to attain the best thermal shock resistance of the metal matrix composite which contains inorganic fibrous material as a reinforcing material.
  • silicon which reduces thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum alloys is not included in the reinforced portion of the heat resisting member, the thermal expansion coefficient of the reinforced portion increases, resulting in smaller difference of the coefficients of expansion between the body portion and the reinforced portion of the heat resisting member becomes, so that no crack is initiated in the interface between the body portion and the reinforced portion of the member.
  • the composite material and the body portion of the heat resisting member are made separately, so that the body portion can be molded by gravity casting. Therefore, it is easy to reduce the manufacturing cost of the member.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP90302967A 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0447701B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63285732A JPH02133534A (ja) 1988-11-14 1988-11-14 複合強化部を有する耐熱部材及びその製造方法
DE69021369T DE69021369T2 (de) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.
EP90302967A EP0447701B1 (de) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP63285732A JPH02133534A (ja) 1988-11-14 1988-11-14 複合強化部を有する耐熱部材及びその製造方法
EP90302967A EP0447701B1 (de) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0447701A1 true EP0447701A1 (de) 1991-09-25
EP0447701B1 EP0447701B1 (de) 1995-08-02

Family

ID=40099522

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90302967A Expired - Lifetime EP0447701B1 (de) 1988-11-14 1990-03-20 Wärmebeständiger verstärkter Formkörper sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0447701B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02133534A (de)
DE (1) DE69021369T2 (de)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0106108A1 (de) * 1982-09-14 1984-04-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Faserverstärkter metallischer Verbundwerkstoff mit einer magnesiumenthaltenden Aluminiumlegierung als Matrix
EP0170396A1 (de) * 1984-06-25 1986-02-05 Mitsubishi Aluminium Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit kurzen anorganischen Fasern verstärkten Metallverbundkörpern
DE3700651A1 (de) * 1987-01-12 1988-07-21 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopf fuer luftgekuehlte brennkraftmaschinen

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0106108A1 (de) * 1982-09-14 1984-04-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Faserverstärkter metallischer Verbundwerkstoff mit einer magnesiumenthaltenden Aluminiumlegierung als Matrix
EP0170396A1 (de) * 1984-06-25 1986-02-05 Mitsubishi Aluminium Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren zur Herstellung von mit kurzen anorganischen Fasern verstärkten Metallverbundkörpern
DE3700651A1 (de) * 1987-01-12 1988-07-21 Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz Ag Zylinderkopf fuer luftgekuehlte brennkraftmaschinen

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
WPIL, FILE SUPPLIER, AN=89-295432, Derwent Publications Ltd, London, GB; & JP-A-1 216 167 (HONDA) 30-08-1989 *
WPIL, FILE SUPPLIER, AN=89-295433, Derwent Publications Ltd, London, GB; & JP-A-1 216 168 (HONDA) 30-08-1989 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69021369T2 (de) 1996-02-08
EP0447701B1 (de) 1995-08-02
DE69021369D1 (de) 1995-09-07
JPH02133534A (ja) 1990-05-22

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