EP0461616B1 - Procédé et dispositif de tri de déchets de verre - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de tri de déchets de verre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0461616B1
EP0461616B1 EP91109570A EP91109570A EP0461616B1 EP 0461616 B1 EP0461616 B1 EP 0461616B1 EP 91109570 A EP91109570 A EP 91109570A EP 91109570 A EP91109570 A EP 91109570A EP 0461616 B1 EP0461616 B1 EP 0461616B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fragments
glass
colour
chute
compressed air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91109570A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0461616A3 (en
EP0461616A2 (fr
Inventor
Hubertus Exner
Lothar Seifert
Wolfgang Dipl-Ing. Seichter
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Meinen
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP0461616A3 publication Critical patent/EP0461616A3/de
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Publication of EP0461616B1 publication Critical patent/EP0461616B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/342—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour
    • B07C5/3425—Sorting according to other particular properties according to optical properties, e.g. colour of granular material, e.g. ore particles, grain
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
    • B07C5/365—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means
    • B07C5/366—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a single separation means during free fall of the articles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for sorting waste glass.
  • Waste glass is usually in a mixture of different colored glass. A separation into the different color components is necessary for an economical recycling of the old glass. This applies in particular to colorless waste glass, since even small amounts of colored glass, such as green or brown glass, preclude recycling for the production of objects made of colorless glass. It is also important that the sorting of waste glass also reliably removes the non-glass components such as porcelain, earthenware or ceramic parts.
  • any number of glass fragments per time can be sorted by arranging any number of slides leading to the color recognition units in parallel.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method and a device for sorting waste glass, with which a greater throughput of waste glass can be achieved with the quality of the white glass being produced undiminished.
  • This object is achieved in a generic method in that the fragments are acted upon by the pneumatic separating device on the slide in the plane of the slide, but perpendicular to the raceway, and are collected next to the slide.
  • a device according to the invention is characterized in that the compressed air nozzles allow the passing fragments to be pressurized with compressed air in the plane of the slide, but perpendicular to the track.
  • flaps or swivel parts from the prior art is therefore replaced by a pneumatic separating device.
  • this has the advantage that the mechanical parts which are subject to natural wear and tear and which have previously come into contact with the glass fragments are eliminated.
  • pneumatics with compressed air nozzles can also be provided for the separation of the glass fragments, in particular such as is known from the subsequently published DE 39 14 360.
  • a central supply of compressed air can then be used jointly for both parts of the waste glass processing system, which significantly reduces costs and space.
  • a pneumatic separation device with compressed air nozzles enables a very quick reaction to the measurement results of the upstream color detection device. It follows that the separating device can be arranged relatively close to the measuring point of the color detection device. It should be taken into account that the glass fragments move at a certain speed and the color detection device and then the pneumatic separation device need a finite time to process the measurement and to be able to react accordingly. This average response time must be multiplied by an average speed by the minimum distance the measuring point of the color recognition device and the position for the ejection of the glass fragment from its unobstructed direction of movement.
  • the distance from the measuring point to the discharge can be reduced to an order of magnitude of approximately 20 cm.
  • This deviation which in extreme cases leads to a particle to be discharged not being correctly detected, is kept very small if the distance from the measuring point and the discharge position is kept as short as possible.
  • a blowout in free fall has the disadvantage that the very irregularly shaped and different heavy glass fragments react very differently to the exposure to compressed air depending on their respective position in the trajectory. Glass fragments that are not acted upon also have very different trajectories depending on the size and shape and the resulting air resistance, since different parabolas are described in each case. This affects the accuracy of the system and leads to a higher frequency of errors and thus to a reduction in the quality of the white glass or - with a corresponding increase in requirements - to an increase in the number of erroneously undetected white glasses, which are sorted as colored glass and thus lead to a reduction in the white glass yield.
  • the solution according to the invention carries out the pneumatic removal of the particles from their path in a clearer positional state of the fragments, namely when sliding on an inclined slide. They are pressurized with compressed air within the plane of the slide, essentially perpendicular to their path, which means approximately horizontally.
  • the particles can be collected directly next to the actual path in collecting shafts, so that misorientation by swirling or rotating fragments is completely excluded. As soon as the fragments have left the actual slide, they can already be assigned.
  • the invention enables a further improvement step which also allows brown or green glass to be separated from the white glass in the same operation.
  • the color recognition device was equipped for this purpose so that it recognized from its measurement whether it was white, green or amber glass or traded an undefined color.
  • This measuring device then set all subsequent swivel parts, flaps and other soft-like elements in such a way that at the end the glass fragments separated by color were fed to certain sorting containers.
  • Another problem here is that there is a longer period of time with the disadvantages described above between the measuring point and the passing of the last switch to be passed. Although these disadvantages could be limited by a particularly favorable arrangement and relative assignment of the individual switch positions, the problem remains in principle.
  • this is done in that the fragments pass several measurement positions of the color recognition device while running over the slide, depending on the color recognized the fragment between the positions of the color recognition device is discharged by the pneumatic separating device to an assigned collecting shaft.
  • a device suitable for carrying out this method is characterized in that positions of the color detection device and compressed air nozzles of the pneumatic separation device are provided in succession and alternation on the slide, the positions of the color detection device each recognizing differently colored glass portions.
  • each individual measuring position is now only responsible for recognizing a very specific color component; from a measurement it only has to be concluded whether, for example a piece of glass is green or not. From the fact that a piece of glass has reached a certain measuring position, the corresponding measuring results at the previous measuring points can already be inferred automatically. This can be taken into account by suitable programming of the data processing which controls the pneumatic separating device.
  • the order in which the color recognition device detects the different colors at the individual measuring positions can be selected according to optimal criteria. Since the requirements for the optical purity of white glass are highest, it is advisable to discard this component first. Particularly high demands can be made here.
  • This component consists of certain, relatively rarely occurring colors, such as blue glass, heavily soiled glass fragments that can no longer be clearly identified, and those that, for example, could not be classified due to their size or shape. These glass fragments can either be collected separately or, if appropriate, previously some other of the components are supplied, for which less high purity requirements apply.
  • a magnetic sensor or the like is used as the measuring point instead of the optical sensors of the color recognition device.
  • a device for optically classifying and separating non-glass parts is known from FR 25 76 008 A1 or DE 36 12 076 A1.
  • a device is not suitable for the color recognition of the individual Gles fragments and separates ceramic material.
  • light barriers are provided behind the compressed air nozzles of the pneumatic separating device and in front of the following measuring position of the color detection device transversely to the slide chute. These light barriers detect the passage of fragments of glass.
  • This measurement together with the data of the measurement positions of the color recognition device, provides a possibility for checking whether a glass fragment that has just been recognized in color has actually been removed. If this is not the case, a corresponding signal can be sent to the following measuring positions are transmitted to allow certain predetermined reactions to take place. For example, it can be specified that a color-recognized but not ejected glass fragment is assigned to the next qualitatively desired quantity of glass fragments.
  • a piece of metal that has not been discharged can run through to the end of the slide, etc.
  • conclusions can be drawn about malfunctions of the blowing nozzles of the pneumatic separating device, the system can be stopped if necessary, or other measures can be initiated.
  • collecting shafts are provided in addition to the slide chute, in which the discharged glass fragments are collected.
  • the walls of the collecting pipe, on which the glass fragments which have been discharged hit, are designed in such a way that they prevent the glass fragments which hit them from being reflected back onto the slide. This is made possible by a suitable choice of material and also by a bevel, which forces the glass fragments to reflect downwards, i.e. in the direction below the plane of the slide chute. At the same time, these walls of the collecting shafts are held interchangeably, because they are exposed to the greatest material stress.
  • the collecting cross-section or the size of the collecting area of the collecting shafts in the plane of the slide chute can be dimensioned extremely small, since the impact area of the glass fragments can be determined very precisely by the very targeted and precise discharge. This is a further advantage of the very short distance and, above all, the defined position of the glass fragments on the slide at the moment of discharge.
  • the small dimensions, especially in the plane of the slide chute, have the advantage that a relatively large number of slide chutes can be arranged next to one another to save space, without requiring a great deal of space for the collecting shafts, which in this case are between the various slide chutes.
  • the waste glass obtained is moved in the direction of arrow 1 via a Hopper 2 fed to a crusher 3, in which the waste glass is crushed so that mainly fragments with an edge length of 5 to 50 mm are formed.
  • the waste glass leaving the crusher 3 arrives at a conveyor 4 to which a cleaning device 5 is assigned.
  • This cleaning device 5 can, for example, work with air or sandblasting or possibly also with water jets 5a and act on the waste glass located on the conveyor 4. This cleaning process removes the paper parts adhering to the fragments as well as the adhering dust and also sweeps away smaller fragments.
  • the impurities and glass fragments and, if applicable, the sand or water used are passed through a separating or separating device not shown in the drawing.
  • the fragments remaining on the conveyor reach a classifier 6, which is designed as a screen classifier and through which the supplied glass fragments are sorted into several fractions of different sizes. From the classifier, the fragments with an edge length of less than 5 mm reach the collecting container 7, from which they can be removed as mixing glass for further processing.
  • Sorted fragments with edge lengths of 5 to 50 mm are collected separately in the remaining collecting containers 8a-8c, so that 3 fractions Shards of different sizes occur, with different colored glass fragments as well as porcelain, clay and ceramic shards and possibly also metal parts being mixed in each fraction.
  • each collecting container 8a-8c is assigned such a conveying device 9, via which the glass fragments which arrive in each case on this conveying device are transferred to a storage container 10.
  • Each storage container 10 is equipped with a device for separating the glass fragments fed to it.
  • a separating device 11 is shown in FIG. 1 in the form of a slide connected to the storage container 10.
  • the separation of the fragments can take place, for example, in that the storage container 10 is designed as a vibrating vibration container with correspondingly installed baffles, which ensure that the glass fragments reach the slide 11 designed as a separation device and are then separated on the slide.
  • the glass fragments pass from the separating device 11 onto the inclined sliding chute 12.
  • the slide 12 is equipped with as little friction as possible against glass-causing material, for example also a glass bottom.
  • Various devices are provided along the slide 12. These are various elements of a color recognition device 14 and a pneumatic separation device 15.
  • the color detection device 14 has a plurality of measuring points 14a, 14b, 14c, which in turn consist, for example, of light transmitters and receivers. This enables, for example, an absorption measurement.
  • Each of these measuring positions 14a, 14b, 14c of the color recognition device 14 recognizes a different color property of the passing glass fragments.
  • either the sensitivity of the sensor or the color spectrum of the light transmitter can already be set accordingly, but in addition or instead of this measure it is also possible to equip or program a connected data processing device accordingly.
  • the color recognition device 14a is, for example, able to recognize colorless glass, the measurement position 14b recognizes green glass and the measurement position 14c brown glass.
  • Compressed air nozzles 15a, 15b, 15c of the pneumatic separation device 15 are arranged between the measurement positions of the color detection device 14. These are located in the side wall of the slide 12 and are able to deliver compressed air in the plane of the slide, but perpendicular to the track of the glass fragments. If such a compressed air jet hits a passing piece of glass, it becomes his Web deflected, to the wall opposite the wall equipped with the compressed air nozzles 15a, 15b, 15c. This can best be seen in the perspective illustration in FIG. 2.
  • Collecting shafts 16 are provided in this wall. These have openings into which the glass fragments enter, provided that they are deflected from their path by exposure to compressed air.
  • a compressed air nozzle 15a, 15b, 15c of the pneumatic separating device 15 is arranged downstream of each measuring position 14a, 14b, 14c of the color detection device 14. If a measuring position detects a glass fragment of the color to be recognized by it, it instructs the compressed air nozzle downstream of the pneumatic separating device 15 to discharge this glass fragment by applying compressed air to it. Since the distance between the elements 14a, 15a, etc.
  • the removed glass fragment hits due to the very precisely predictable external conditions exactly in the opening of the collecting shaft 16, from which it does not bounce back on the slide, since this is prevented by the corresponding geometric shape and material properties of the walls of the collecting shaft 16.
  • the collecting shaft 16, which runs essentially perpendicular to the plane of the slide chute, leads the glass fragment below the plane of the slide chute and there to a sorting container 17.
  • This can consist, for example, of a treadmill which collects and transports the glass fragments from several collection shafts of different slide chutes.
  • a light barrier 18a, 18b, 18c is provided behind the compressed air nozzle 15a, 15b, 15c of the pneumatic separating device, which checks whether the particle to be discharged is actually no longer on the slide 12 or vice versa, whether a particle that cannot be discharged is also was actually not removed. This can be achieved by a suitable electronic connection of the light barrier to the color recognition device 14. The corresponding parts of the data processing unit are not shown.
  • a further measuring position 19 is provided in front of the measuring positions of the color detection device 14 for a metal detector, which can work, for example, on an inductive and magnetic basis. He checks whether a passing fragment is possibly metallic and discharges such metallic fragments in advance via a compressed air nozzle 15d, likewise via a collecting shaft 16.

Landscapes

  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Procédé pour trier des déchets de verte comportant les étapes suivantes :
    a) les déchets de verte sont réduits en morceaux;
    b) les morceaux sont divisés en plusieurs catégories en fonction de leur taille;
    c) les morceaux sont espacés;
    d) les morceaux espacés sont acheminés dans un dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14),
    e) puis dans des récipients de triage associés à chaque couleur au moyen d'un dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15),
    sachant que les morceaux espacés se déplacent sur une rampe de glissement (12) pendant qu'ils défilent devant le dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14), caractérisé en ce que les morceaux sont soumis par le dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15) à de l'air comprimé sur la rampe de glissement (12), dans le plan de la rampe de glissement, mais perpendiculairement à la trajectoire, et sont recueillis à côté de la rampe de glissement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les morceaux passent devant plusieurs points de mesure (14a, 14b, 14c) du dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14) pendant leur déplacement sur la rampe de glissement (12), sachant qu'en fonction de la couleur du morceau qui a été reconnue, le morceau est éjecté par le dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15) entre les points (14a, 14b, 14c) du dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14) vers un conduit collecteur (16) qui lui est associé.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on vérifie chaque fois entre un point d'éjection du dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15) et un point du dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14) que les morceaux ont passé devant un point de contrôle préalablement défini, pour vérifier si l'éjection s'effectue correctement.
  4. Dispositif pour trier des déchets de verte, comprenant un concasseur pour réduire les déchets de verte en morceaux, un classificateur placé en aval du concasseur pour former des catégories de morceaux approximativement de la même taille, un dispositif d'espacement qui espace les morceaux, un dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs qui reconnaît ou détermine la couleur des morceaux, et un dispositif de séparation pneumatique qui achemine les morceaux dont la couleur a été reconnue dans des récipients de triage qui leur sont associés, sachant qu'une rampe de glissement (12) est prévue, sur laquelle sont disposés le dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14), ainsi que le dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15), et que le dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15) présente des buses d'air comprimé (15a, 15b, 15c), caractérisé en ce que les buses d'air comprimé permettent de soumettre les morceaux qui défilent à de l'air comprimé dans le plan de la rampe de glissement, mais perpendiculairement à la trajectoire.
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que, sur la rampe de glissement (12), est prévue une suite alternée de points (14a, 14b, 14c) du dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14) et de buses d'air comprimé (15a, 15b, 15c) du dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15), les points du dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14) reconnaissant chacun les morceaux de verte d'une couleur.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que derrière les buses d'air comprimé du dispositif de séparation pneumatique (15) et devant le point de mesure suivant du dispositif de reconnaissance des couleurs (14), des barrières photoélectriques sont prévues transversalement par rapport à la rampe de glissement (12).
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'à côté de la rampe de glissement (12) sont prévus des conduits collecteurs (16) destinés à recueillir les morceaux de verte éjectés.
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les conduits collecteurs (16) sont disposés essentiellement perpendiculairement au plan de la rampe de glissement.
EP91109570A 1990-06-15 1991-06-11 Procédé et dispositif de tri de déchets de verre Expired - Lifetime EP0461616B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4019203 1990-06-15
DE4019203A DE4019203A1 (de) 1990-06-15 1990-06-15 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum sortieren von altglas

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0461616A2 EP0461616A2 (fr) 1991-12-18
EP0461616A3 EP0461616A3 (en) 1992-07-15
EP0461616B1 true EP0461616B1 (fr) 1995-09-06

Family

ID=6408497

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91109570A Expired - Lifetime EP0461616B1 (fr) 1990-06-15 1991-06-11 Procédé et dispositif de tri de déchets de verre

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0461616B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE127368T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4019203A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0461616T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2077116T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3017670T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT399400B (de) * 1993-03-15 1995-04-25 Binder Co Ag Verfahren und einrichtung zur bestimmung der reinheit von aufbereitetem altglas
DE4312422A1 (de) * 1993-04-16 1994-10-20 Seichter Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verteilen eines Schüttgutstromes auf mehrere Teilstörme
JPH0833871A (ja) * 1994-02-01 1996-02-06 Binder & Co Ag 廃棄物分類の方法と装置
DE9413671U1 (de) * 1994-08-25 1994-11-24 Zill, Tobias, 73110 Hattenhofen Sortieranlage zur Farbsortierung von Glas, vorzugsweise Altglas
DE19643382C2 (de) * 1996-10-21 1999-12-02 S & S Metallsuchgeraete & Recy Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Verunreinigungsgrades von Altglas durch Stichprobenprüfung
DE10029951A1 (de) * 2000-06-26 2002-01-03 Hubertus Exner Sortieranordnung für Partikel unterschiedlicher Materialeigenschaften
DE10149505A1 (de) 2001-10-02 2003-04-10 Krieg Gunther Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Selektierung von Kunststoffen und anderen Materialien bezüglich Farbe und Zusammensetzung
US7351929B2 (en) 2002-08-12 2008-04-01 Ecullet Method of and apparatus for high speed, high quality, contaminant removal and color sorting of glass cullet
US8436268B1 (en) 2002-08-12 2013-05-07 Ecullet Method of and apparatus for type and color sorting of cullet
DE10249932A1 (de) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-13 Technische Fachhochschule Wildau Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur selektiven Sammlung von Objekten aus Glas und zu deren zeitweisen Aufbewahrung
PL226090B1 (pl) * 2012-07-09 2017-06-30 Krynicki Recykling Spółka Akcyjna Sposob wyodrebniania frakcji 3-10 mm stluczki szklanej o jakosci surowca szklarskiego i zasadniczo jednorodnej pod wzgledem barwy szkla
CN113426687A (zh) * 2021-06-23 2021-09-24 安徽唯嵩光电科技有限公司 一种玻璃分选机物料输送装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0328126A2 (fr) * 1988-02-12 1989-08-16 Hubertus Exner Méthode et dispositif pour trier des déchets de verre

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980180A (en) * 1974-11-20 1976-09-14 Jamieson John A Transmissive article sorting apparatus
FR2498089A1 (fr) * 1981-01-22 1982-07-23 Rech Geolog Miniere Procede et appareil de tri automatique de melanges d'emballages et similaires usages ou non
FR2632879B1 (fr) * 1988-06-17 1991-06-21 Guerin Sarl Ets Gaby Dispositif de tri optique d'objets selon leur couleur, en particulier de morceaux de verre

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0328126A2 (fr) * 1988-02-12 1989-08-16 Hubertus Exner Méthode et dispositif pour trier des déchets de verre

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0461616T3 (da) 1995-10-23
GR3017670T3 (en) 1996-01-31
DE4019203A1 (de) 1991-12-19
ATE127368T1 (de) 1995-09-15
DE59106401D1 (de) 1995-10-12
ES2077116T3 (es) 1995-11-16
EP0461616A3 (en) 1992-07-15
EP0461616A2 (fr) 1991-12-18

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