Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
  • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
  • B60R16/04—Arrangement of batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
  • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
  • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
  • H01M50/112—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
  • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
  • H01M10/12—Construction or manufacture
  • H01M10/122—Multimode batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M4/00—Electrodes
  • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
  • H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
  • H01M50/394—Gas-pervious parts or elements
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

• the present invention relates to electrode plate structures, particularly to electrode plates suitable for use in electrochemical cells such as lead acid batteries.
• the capacity of a lead acid battery is related to. he surface area of electrode plate accessible to the electrolyte. While a simple lead acid battery can be made using solid lead for one electrode, and . oxidized solid lead for another electrode, such a battery has very little capacity, because the surface area of the electrodes in contact with the electrolyte is relatively small, so that the electrochemical reaction-, that occurs does so on a small scale, relatively slowly.
• a major innovation in battery plate design was the development of the pasted electrode.
• particles of lead or lead oxide are held in a porous matrix of binder material.
• the electrolyte is permitted to permeate the matrix, and simultaneously contact a large number of particles, having a correspondingly large surface area.
• the magnitude of the electrochemical reaction occurring in the electrodes is much greater.
• a grid or restraining base is used, upon which is pasted active material which consists of porous "active mass.” Electrolyte penetrates this mass by diffusion processes. The penetration of the mass by the aqueous electrolyte is restricted by the porosity of the active mass.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide an electrode plate structure that simplifies the manufacturing process for such plates.
• An object of an alternative embodiment .of the present invention is to provide a pasted electrode plate structure that has a greater capacity than conventional pasted plates.
• Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an electrode plate having a high surface area that uses capillary action and/or enhanced diffusion processes to facilitate contact between the active mass and the electrolyte, thereby increasing the capacity of the battery.
• an electrode plate for use in an electrochemical cell, comprising a plurality of conductive layers of electrode material, each layer of electrode material having surface structure for separating it from adjacent layers by a sufficient distance to permit movement of electrolyte material between the layers, each layer being electrically connected to each adjoining layer of the electrode plate, without intervening layers of different polarity.
• the surface structure comprises surface irregularities on the layers of the plate. Those surface irregularities can comprise, for example, corrugations, furrows, ridges, grooves, creases, or embossments on at least one surface of the facing layers of the electrode plate.
• the electrode plate is also provided with perforations or pores formed in the layers of electrode material to permit movement of electrolyte through the layers.
• the layers are formed of a single sheet of electrode material that is folded and compressed to form multiple electrically connected layers.
• Lead is a particularly preferred electrode plate material.
• a battery comprising a housing, an electrolyte in the housing, and at least one cell in the electrolyte, the cell comprising a cathode plate and an anode plate, wherein at least one of the plates is a layered plate of the type previously described.
• an electrode plate comprising a plurality ⁇ of conductive grids, each grid having a porous active mass paste applied thereto, the grids permeable to electrolyte and having flow passageways therebetween of sufficient dimension to permit capillary flow of electrolyte between the grids, wherein all of the grids in the plate are electrically connected and wherein there are no layers of opposite polarity interposed between the grids of the plate.
• FIGURE 1 is an expanded perspective view of a folded thin metal electrode plate according to the present invention.
• FIGURE 2 is a partially cut away perspective view of a layered frame and paste electrode plate according to the present invention.
• each electrode plate is formed of multiple layers of electrically connected electrode material. Each layer is separated by only a very small distance, so that capillary action or diffusion can permit effective permeation of fresh electrolyte into contact with the entire surface area of the active plate material.
• the plates of the present invention increase the flow rate of electrolyte to the plate itself by use of capillary assisted diffusion, such capillary action taking place between layers or laminations of the electrode structure.
• Figure 1 illustrates a folded or concertina embodiment of the invention, where each electrode plate 10 is formed of multiple layers 11 of thin, electrically conductive material of suitable composition.
• the layers 11 may be formed of thin lead foil in one plate, and lead foil with an external layer of lead oxide in another plate.
• the layers 11 may advantageously be about- 5 to about 20 micrometers in thickness, preferably from about 10 to about 12 micrometers in thickness.
• the plate of Figure 1 is formed with perforations 12 throughout.
• the electrode layers 11 be provided with corrugations, ridges, grooves, furrows, nubs, bumps, scorings, or creases 13, and the like, to facilitate access of electrolyte to the plate surface after the layered electrode plate is assembled.
• the corrugations 13 and the like can be formed in tandem with or simultaneously with the perforations 12.
• the corrugations 13 and the like can be linear, or can be circular, wavy, random, or any other desired configuration that will facilitate liquid transfer between layers and prevent adjacent layers from laying in such close proximity that liquid movement therebetween is prevented. It will be appreciated that as an alternative to the corrugations 13 or the like, other material may be placed between the sheets or layers 11 of electrode material to facilitate liquid movement. Thus, for example, after forming lead into a foil, a particulate material may be pressed into the surface of the foil to provide separation of the foil layers 11 when juxtaposed.
• the plate itself is formed of multiple layers 11 of electrode material.
• the multiple layers 11 are formed by folding a continuous web of electrode material in concertina or zig ⁇ zag fashion.
• Figure 1 shows an expanded concertina folded plate structure prior to compression. In order to complete the manufacture, the layers are compressed into a plate structure.
• An automobile battery for example, may have 6 cells, each of which has about 11 individual positive and negative plates, and each plate of-which comprises between 10 and 14 layers of electrode material, which material is between about 5 and 20 micrometers in thickness.
• Each plate 10 is preferably provided with a means for connecting it into a cell, such as the electrical terminal 14 illustrated in Figure 1.
• each layer is generally rectangular, with a tab extending from one side forming the electrical terminal 14. It can be seen that after formation and compression, electrolyte is able to flow between layers of each fold due to corrugations 13 or the like.
• the drawing indicates only one electrode which may be either an anode or cathode depending on the particular material of which the plate 10 is made and the electrochemical cell in which it is used.
• each layer or fold is electrically connected, that is, they make up one sheet and therefore react chemically as a single electrode when compressed and immersed in electrolyte.
• electrode plate structures of this nature can be manufactured by roller or stamp press and cut m ⁇ ust one or two operations into a finished plate, without the need for application of other materials (as required in the prior art) . It can also be seen that stiffening agents are not required to be mixed with the elements as the function of layered or laminated sheets produces rigid structures. Manufacture by casting or molding is also possible.
• FIG. 2 Another embodiment of the electrode plate 10 is illustrated in Figure 2.
• grids 15 are pasted on either side with active material 16.
• This active material 16 may be a conventional electrode paste, as is well known in the art.
• the active material may be a porous paste comprising a binder and particulate lead or oxidized lead.
• the grids 15 are preferably made of lead or lead coated with oxide, and are thinner than conventional grids.
• the individual grids 15 may be between about 45 and about 145 micrometers in thickness, preferably about 75 and about 100 micrometers, when they are used to make a lead acid battery.
• Each plate 10 of the battery can be formed of a plurality of pasted grids 15.
• the number of grids is essentially unlimited, with more grids per plate being used to provide deep cycle capacity in a battery, and fewer grids per plate but more plates per cell being used to make high amperage batteries.
• more grids per plate being used to provide deep cycle capacity in a battery
• fewer grids per plate but more plates per cell being used to make high amperage batteries.
• the layers of each individual plate are all electrically connected and not separated by layers of opposite polarity.
• the electrical connection may advantageously be made around the periphery of the grids 15 comprising each individual plate.
• diffusion occurs through the pores of the pasted active material 16, and is assisted by capillary action resulting from the close proximity of the pasted grids 15 in the plate.
• An optional reinforcing mesh 17 may be placed between the grids 15 in the plate.
• This mesh 15 may advantageously be made of glass fiber or other nonreactive material.
• liquid or gaseous flow is possible between layers of active materials when the electrode plates 10 are formed in accordance with the present invention. It is also possible, in accordance with the present invention, to provide solid electrolyte between layers, which electrolyte is held in place by compression. In the plate of Figure 1, electrolyte flow occurs through the perforations 12 and between the layers by capillary action, whereas in Figure 2, electrolyte flow occurs, through ' the pores of active material 16 and also between the layers of each plate by capillary action.
• the disclosed structures provide increased electrolyte exchange, and greater battery capacity. In comparisons with a lead acid battery having conventional pasted plate electrode design, a battery that used the electrode plate design of the present invention but was otherwise identical had a substantially increased power to weight ratio over the conventional battery. The rapid discharge capability of the battery is also facilitated.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
• Secondary Cells (AREA)
• Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
• Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
• Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
• Cell Separators (AREA)
• Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
• Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
• Stereo-Broadcasting Methods (AREA)
• Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
• Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
• Primary Cells (AREA)
• Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
• Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
• Catalysts (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
• Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=19922630

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications Before (1)

Country Status (15)

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Family Cites Families (30)

• 1988
  • 1988-10-21 NZ NZ226656A patent/NZ226656A/xx unknown
  • 1988-12-13 NZ NZ227296A patent/NZ227296A/xx unknown
• 1989
  • 1989-05-24 DE DE89201332T patent/DE68911109T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1989-05-24 AT AT89201332T patent/ATE98053T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-05-24 ES ES198989201332T patent/ES2046447T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-05-24 EP EP89201332A patent/EP0370534B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-06-12 IE IE176889A patent/IE64110B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1989-10-20 JP JP1274753A patent/JPH0760694B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1990
  • 1990-01-26 WO PCT/US1990/000448 patent/WO1991011828A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1990-01-26 BR BR909007253A patent/BR9007253A/pt unknown
  • 1990-01-26 KR KR1019910701189A patent/KR0141967B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1990-01-26 FI FI914494A patent/FI914494A0/fi unknown
  • 1990-01-26 JP JP2503704A patent/JPH04506583A/ja active Pending
  • 1990-01-26 EP EP19900903539 patent/EP0465475A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1990-02-02 FI FI914613A patent/FI914613A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1991
  • 1991-09-20 NO NO91913710A patent/NO913710L/no unknown
  • 1991-09-26 BG BG095186A patent/BG95186A/bg unknown
  • 1991-10-01 NO NO91913851A patent/NO913851L/no unknown
• 1994
  • 1994-12-15 HK HK143794A patent/HK143794A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1995
  • 1995-10-20 CY CY180595A patent/CY1805A/xx unknown

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