EP0519054A1 - Methode d'obtention de culasses moulees composites - Google Patents
Methode d'obtention de culasses moulees compositesInfo
- Publication number
- EP0519054A1 EP0519054A1 EP92903814A EP92903814A EP0519054A1 EP 0519054 A1 EP0519054 A1 EP 0519054A1 EP 92903814 A EP92903814 A EP 92903814A EP 92903814 A EP92903814 A EP 92903814A EP 0519054 A1 EP0519054 A1 EP 0519054A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- alloys
- alloy
- casting
- cylinder heads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013529 heat transfer fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910018125 Al-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910018520 Al—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001152 Bi alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000566150 Pandion haliaetus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006023 eutectic alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- NIFKBBMCXCMCAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)carbamoylsulfamoyl]-4-(methanesulfonamidomethyl)benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(CNS(C)(=O)=O)C=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 NIFKBBMCXCMCAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004621 scanning probe microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/24—Cylinder heads
Definitions
- the invention relates to the production of cylinder heads molded from aluminum alloys comprising at least two different alloys.
- the liquid alloys can comprise solid particles with the casting of various size and shape so as to produce composites with metallic matrix after solidification.
- This technique optimizes the choice of materials according to the main functions required in the different parts of the cylinder heads.
- search in the vicinity of the combustion chamber, for a tolerance to maximum hot damage, in particular in the inter-seat areas of the valves.
- the critical property is the mechanical strength, in order to give the cylinder head maximum rigidity and the best tightening capacity, with a minimum weight of the finished part.
- the Applicant has therefore researched and developed production techniques allowing different alloys to be cast in a cylinder head, and in particular alloys with high tolerance to damage on the combustion chamber side and alloys with low cost price and high mechanical resistance in the rest of the room.
- the part according to the invention consists of successive, contiguous and substantially horizontal layers.
- each layer i-1 (i l 2) must satisfy the following conditions at the time of the casting of the subsequent layer i.
- this involves defining the waiting time, t, between the end of casting of each layer (i-1) and the start of layer i (il 2), depending on the cooling conditions of the molded part.
- the cooling of the molded part is generally ensured by a metal soleplate traversed by a heat transfer fluid such as water.
- the solid fractions are determined beforehand experimentally by thermal analysis, for example by placing at least two thermocouples in each layer (i-1), one in the area close to the interface with the next layer, and the other near the base of the layer.
- the solid fractions are determined from these thermal analyzes by the use of balance diagrams of the cast metal assimilated in general to a binary alloy based on Al. The principle of the calculation is given in the Appendix.
- the feeding systems will be adapted so that the pouring of each layer i (il 2) does not create unacceptable erosion of the layer i-1 and that the layers are as uniform as possible. This adjustment is within the reach of those skilled in the art, for example, by optimizing feed channels or by using metallic or ceramic filters placed in the feed system, to regulate the flow rate. It is indeed necessary to obtain an interface (s) substantially flat and regular between the layers, controllable for example by micrography, macrography or scanning microscopy on cross section (s) perpendicular to the interface.
- the feeding systems can be asymmetrical, but they are preferably made symmetrical to facilitate obtaining layers of uniform thickness.
- a layer of material intended for heat resistance is typically formed, having a thickness of 15 to 25 mm on the combustion chamber side, the remainder consisting of the second alloy.
- the process for obtaining a bi (or multi) metallic cylinder head is therefore carried out by successively pouring into the cavity of a mold, either metallic, either sand, or mixed, two (or more) alloys of separate aluminum with an interface zone (s) the thinnest possible (s) made up of a mixture of cast alloys and without trace of skins oxides.
- the alloys are introduced into the mold cavity by independent feed systems.
- the level of each layer is obtained by measuring its quantity, for example by volume.
- the production of a multi-alloy cylinder head can be done by gravity casting technique, under low pressure, by liquid forging (squeeze casting) or any other industrial foundry technique suitable for obtaining cylinder heads.
- FIGS. 1 to 7. Fig. 1 schematically represents a view of the molded part obtained and the direction of the thermal gradient applied (arrow).
- Fig. 2 shows in transverse layer a schematic view of a mold usable for the implementation of the invention. .
- Fig. 3 shows another version of said mold, which makes it possible to obtain the molded part shown in perspective in FIG. 4.
- fig. 5 represents a transverse macrographic section of the connection zone between the two alloys of the cylinder head obtained under the conditions reported in Example 1 at magnification x 25.
- fig. 6 shows a cross-sectional macrographic section of the connection zone between the 2 alloys of the cylinder head obtained in accordance with the conditions of Example 2 at magnification x 50.
- fig. 7 shows a thermal analysis curve of the solidification of an Al-Si eutectic alloy and FIG. 8 the equilibrium diagram of the corresponding binary alloy (Al-Si).
- the mold is composed of a metallic sole (1) in cuprochrome (approximate composition Cu 60%, Cr 40%) of thickness 100 mm and clods in sand (2).
- This sole has a cooling circuit (3) in which the water circulates so as to maintain its temperature between 80 and 100 ° C.
- the mold is provided with two supply systems (4) and (5), vents, cores of the water and oil circulation circuits, intake and exhaust pipes, and usual weights (not shown).
- the coring process is the PEPSET process for clods (2), the cores of the oil circulation circuits and the intake and exhaust pipes, and ASHLAND for the cores of the water circulation circuits.
- the first metal is poured, from AS7G0.3 (according to French standard NF A 57702) at the temperature of 710 ° C (target temperature) over a height of 20 mm corresponding to the thickness of the cylinder head table (volumetric dosage).
- the supply system (5) is calculated so that the supply of AS7G0.3 lasts for approximately 15 s with a speed or flow rate of approximately 6.5 l / min at attacks (6).
- the second alloy an AS5U3G (standard 57702) at the temperature of 720 ° C. is introduced through the feed system (5) at the speed or flow rate of 30 1 / min at attacks so that the horizontal component of the speed of this alloy is approx. 0.5 m / s to fill the rest of the mold without eroding the first metal.
- Duralcan F3A consisting of AS7G0.3 + 15% of SiC particles, is used as the first alloy and is poured under the same conditions as 1 ⁇ S7G of Example No. 1.
- the SiC particles do not modify the thermal analysis of the alloy, the method of calculating the solidified fractions for normal aluminum alloys is applicable.
- the solidified fraction, fs, between Tl and T2 can be calculated either by this same rule of levers at each temperature, or by the following formula, faster, if we assimilate the solidus and the liquidus of the alloy with two straight lines between T1 and T2 (hypothesis entirely acceptable in the context of the use of this patent application):
- the solidified fraction during an isothermal, notably eutectic, transformation stage can be estimated from thermal analysis using a thermocouple placed in the layer considered, assuming that the solidified fraction varies linearly over time during isothermal transformation.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9100377 | 1991-01-03 | ||
| FR9100377A FR2671310B1 (fr) | 1991-01-03 | 1991-01-03 | Methode d'obtention de culasses moulees composites. |
| PCT/FR1992/000003 WO1992011962A1 (fr) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-01-02 | Methode d'obtention de culasses moulees composites |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0519054A1 true EP0519054A1 (fr) | 1992-12-23 |
| EP0519054B1 EP0519054B1 (fr) | 1997-11-19 |
Family
ID=9408677
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92903814A Expired - Lifetime EP0519054B1 (fr) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-01-02 | Methode d'obtention de culasses moulees composites |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5579822A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0519054B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH05505147A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100227544B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE160304T1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9204096A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2071222C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69223178T2 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK0519054T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2111062T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2671310B1 (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3026079T3 (fr) |
| IE (1) | IE80792B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX9200010A (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT99967B (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1992011962A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102089101A (zh) * | 2008-07-04 | 2011-06-08 | 阿勒里斯铝业科布伦茨有限公司 | 复合锭的铸造方法 |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6183995B1 (en) * | 1997-09-05 | 2001-02-06 | Lifespan Biosciences, Inc. | Methods of measuring gene expression using wax-embedded tissue specimens |
| DE19800593A1 (de) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-07-15 | Gut Gieserei Umwelt Technik Gm | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Gradientenbauteils im teilflüssigen Zustand |
| DE19918002C1 (de) * | 1999-04-21 | 2000-10-26 | Univ Magdeburg Tech | Verfahren zum Gießen eines Leichtmetall-Zylinderkopfs aus zwei Legierungen |
| US6450237B1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2002-09-17 | Alcoa Inc | Compound cast product and method for producing a compound cast product |
| AT412455B (de) * | 2002-12-17 | 2005-03-25 | Arc Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum Ranshofen Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung eines leichtmetallbauteiles |
| US7264038B2 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2007-09-04 | Alcoa Inc. | Method of unidirectional solidification of castings and associated apparatus |
| US8448690B1 (en) | 2008-05-21 | 2013-05-28 | Alcoa Inc. | Method for producing ingot with variable composition using planar solidification |
| JP5367341B2 (ja) * | 2008-11-05 | 2013-12-11 | 地方独立行政法人東京都立産業技術研究センター | アルミニウム合金鋳物およびアルミニウム合金鋳物の製造方法 |
| DE102009055736A1 (de) * | 2009-11-28 | 2011-06-09 | Kern Gmbh Magnesium-Giesstechnik | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Herstellung von Gusserzeugnissen |
| DE102011080984A1 (de) * | 2011-08-16 | 2013-02-21 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gießen eines Kolbens für einen Verbrennungsmotor sowie Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
| KR101326884B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-16 | 2013-11-11 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 다층구조 실린더헤드 및 그 제조방법 |
| CN102581260A (zh) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-07-18 | 大连裕龙高速钢有限公司 | 一种双金属耐磨斗齿铸造方法 |
| US10780491B2 (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2020-09-22 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Aluminum casting design with alloy set cores for improved intermetallic bond strength |
| CN117162606B (zh) * | 2023-08-31 | 2025-12-30 | 西安工业大学 | 用于柴油发动机气缸盖零部件的复合材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191308490A (en) * | 1913-04-10 | 1914-06-10 | Franz Melaun | A Process for Casting Ingots or other Castings. |
| US4404262A (en) * | 1981-08-03 | 1983-09-13 | International Harvester Co. | Composite metallic and refractory article and method of manufacturing the article |
| JPS5832543A (ja) * | 1981-08-21 | 1983-02-25 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | クラツド鋳片の製造方法および装置 |
| DE3321212A1 (de) * | 1983-06-11 | 1984-12-13 | Kolbenschmidt AG, 7107 Neckarsulm | Aus einem leichtmetallwerkstoff gegossenes bauteil fuer brennkraftmaschinen |
| JPS61166934A (ja) * | 1985-01-17 | 1986-07-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 複合材料製造用短繊維成形体及びその製造方法 |
| US5074352A (en) * | 1987-11-28 | 1991-12-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha A. M. Technologies | Method for manufacturing ceramic reinforced piston |
| FR2638988B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-15 | 1990-12-21 | Renault | Procede de coulee de pieces a renforcement localise telles qu'un piston bimetallique |
-
1991
- 1991-01-03 FR FR9100377A patent/FR2671310B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-01-02 AT AT92903814T patent/ATE160304T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-02 DK DK92903814T patent/DK0519054T3/da active
- 1992-01-02 ES ES92903814T patent/ES2111062T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-02 PT PT99967A patent/PT99967B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-02 JP JP4503798A patent/JPH05505147A/ja active Pending
- 1992-01-02 BR BR929204096A patent/BR9204096A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-02 CA CA002071222A patent/CA2071222C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-02 EP EP92903814A patent/EP0519054B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-02 WO PCT/FR1992/000003 patent/WO1992011962A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1992-01-02 KR KR1019920702099A patent/KR100227544B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-01-02 DE DE69223178T patent/DE69223178T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 IE IE920017A patent/IE80792B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-03 MX MX9200010A patent/MX9200010A/es unknown
-
1995
- 1995-03-27 US US08/411,070 patent/US5579822A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-02-05 GR GR980400244T patent/GR3026079T3/el unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9211962A1 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102089101A (zh) * | 2008-07-04 | 2011-06-08 | 阿勒里斯铝业科布伦茨有限公司 | 复合锭的铸造方法 |
| CN102089101B (zh) * | 2008-07-04 | 2014-07-09 | 阿勒里斯铝业科布伦茨有限公司 | 复合锭的铸造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2671310A1 (fr) | 1992-07-10 |
| GR3026079T3 (en) | 1998-05-29 |
| DE69223178D1 (de) | 1998-01-02 |
| DE69223178T2 (de) | 1998-05-20 |
| BR9204096A (pt) | 1993-06-08 |
| CA2071222C (fr) | 2002-03-26 |
| ES2111062T3 (es) | 1998-03-01 |
| KR100227544B1 (ko) | 1999-11-01 |
| US5579822A (en) | 1996-12-03 |
| JPH05505147A (ja) | 1993-08-05 |
| CA2071222A1 (fr) | 1992-07-04 |
| KR920703248A (ko) | 1992-12-17 |
| EP0519054B1 (fr) | 1997-11-19 |
| PT99967B (pt) | 1999-02-26 |
| PT99967A (pt) | 1994-03-31 |
| DK0519054T3 (da) | 1998-07-27 |
| FR2671310B1 (fr) | 1995-06-23 |
| WO1992011962A1 (fr) | 1992-07-23 |
| IE80792B1 (en) | 1999-02-24 |
| ATE160304T1 (de) | 1997-12-15 |
| MX9200010A (es) | 1992-07-01 |
| IE920017A1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
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Legal Events
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