EP0524302A1 - Procede et dispositifs de debourrage de noyaux de coulee de pieces de fonderie - Google Patents
Procede et dispositifs de debourrage de noyaux de coulee de pieces de fonderieInfo
- Publication number
- EP0524302A1 EP0524302A1 EP92906406A EP92906406A EP0524302A1 EP 0524302 A1 EP0524302 A1 EP 0524302A1 EP 92906406 A EP92906406 A EP 92906406A EP 92906406 A EP92906406 A EP 92906406A EP 0524302 A1 EP0524302 A1 EP 0524302A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- crankshaft
- plate
- movement
- frequency
- clamping plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000661938 Capsus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
- B22D29/001—Removing cores
- B22D29/005—Removing cores by vibrating or hammering
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and devices for cleaning the casting cores of foundry parts.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks.
- This invention as it is characterized, solves the problem of defining a process and creating devices with which the nuclei can be not only fragmented, but also completely disaggregated, while causing an erosion effect causing the takeoff of all the sand particles, before total evacuation by gravity in a single and same phase, preferably, without reposi ⁇ tioning of the part on its support.
- the alternating swing results from the combination of an alternative longitudinal movement with an alternative transverse movement.
- the reciprocating transverse movement is applied in a plane parallel to that in which the longitudinal movement is applied.
- the alternating transverse movement is applied in a plane per ⁇ pendicular to that in which the longitudinal movement is applied.
- the part is rocked with an amplitude and a frequency adjustable respectively from 0 to 10 cm and from 0 to 85 Hz.
- the rocking of the part is carried out in combination with the take-up of a clearance J, in ⁇ producing an additional inertia effect on the sandy mass.
- the amplitude and the frequency of the rocking of the part vary, during the rocking, according to rules determined according to the internal architecture of the part and the dimension cavities.
- the frequency of rocking is irregular and random.
- a device for applying the basic method according to the invention is characterized in that the shocks, at high frequency, are applied directly to the part by means of a pneumatic hammer, fixed on a support integral with a frame, arranged so as to directly strike the part by passing the hammer through an orifice, for this purpose, in a fixed support plate, against which the part is held by means of a plate clamping device and a chamber cylinder, supplied with low pressure, which constitutes the air cushion, in that the rocking of the part, which takes place according to a horizontal reciprocating movement, is obtained by the intermediary ⁇ diary of a receiver, comprising the support plate, the clamping plate and the clamping cylinder, connected to the frame vertically by four connecting rods and horizontally by a connecting rod and a double eccentric, driven in rotation via of a gear motor, e t in that the elimination of sand by gravity is obtained by maintaining the vertical position of the part, by abutment of the
- the receiver preferably consists of two lateral plates, in the form of a swan neck, connected together by the support plate and by a connection plate, supporting the pneumatic cylinder with bearing chamber, of on the one hand, against the connection plate and against the clamping plate mounted by means of sliders on four slides connecting the support plate to the connection plate, perpendicularly to these.
- the vertical connecting rods are connected to the side plates by means of elastic articulation.
- the horizontal connecting rod is connected to the connecting plate by the intermediary of a yoke.
- the receiver is equipped with a workpiece carrying case, mon ⁇ tee with a certain clearance between the connection plate and the support plate, supported by four vertical rods fixed against the internal wall 5 of the side plates by means of elastic articulation, or directly on the chassis by the same means.
- two receivers are mounted on the same frame, on either side of a single double eccentric, thus ensuring the simultaneous balance ⁇ ment of two parts in the alignment of two pneumatic hammers arranged at each end of the frame.
- the transverse reciprocating movement is obtained by the intermediary of a crankshaft connected to a work-holding capsule by at least one connecting rod in that said capsule workpiece carrier is supported by a frame by means of four rods articulated in planes o perpendicular to the crankshaft and in that the frequency of the alternative launching is made irregular and random by corresponding variation of the rotation speed of the drive motor crankshaft.
- the transverse reciprocating movement is obtained in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal movement by means of a vile ⁇ brequin connected to the workpiece holder by at least one bearing fixed under the latter, and springs, vertically interposed between the capsu ⁇ the workpiece carrier and the frame, and in that the frequency of the alternating swing is made irregular and random by corresponding variation in the speed of rotation of the motor driving the crankshaft.
- crankshaft is arranged in the longitudinal median plane of the cap-holder workpiece while the springs are distributed in two rows arranged symmetrically with respect to the crankshaft.
- the native longitudinal alter ⁇ movement and the alternating transverse movement are combined in a single movement ensuring the overall alternating swinging through of two crankshafts arranged vertically between a frame and a workpiece carrier capsule support, and in that the frequency of the alternating swing is made irregular and random by corresponding variation of the rotation speed of the crankshaft drive motor .
- the speed variation of the drive motor of the eccentric or of the crankshaft is obtained by means of a controlled electronic variator.
- FIG. 1 represents a front view of a device with longitudinal reciprocating movement, without longitu dinal play, applying the basic process
- FIG. 2 represents a top view of the device according to FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 represents a front view of a device with longitudinal play
- FIG. 4 represents a top view of the device according to FIG. 3,
- FIG. 5 represents a front view of an alternative embodiment of the device with longitudinal reciprocating movement with longi ⁇ tudinal play
- FIG. 6 represents a top view of the device according to FIG. 5
- FIG. 7 represents a front view of a particular embodiment of the device with horizontal reciprocating movement with longitudinal play
- FIG. 8 represents a top view of the device according to FIG. 7,
- FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 represent, respectively, a front view, a top view and a side view of a device with two stations,
- FIG. 12 represents a schematic front view of the cleaning device according to an embodiment corresponding to the first variant of application of the method
- FIG. 13 represents a schematic front view of the cleaning device according to an embodiment corresponding to the second variant of application of the method
- FIG. 14 shows a schematic side view in perspective, of the cleaning device according to the first variant of the process of the invention, corresponding to a particular embodiment thereof.
- Figures 1 and 2 show a part 1, mounted on a device for fractioning and discharging the casting core of foundry parts according to the invention, comprising a pneumatic hammer 20 with hammer 21, fixed on a support 3 integral with a frame 4 arranged so as to come directly to strike the part 1 by passing the hammer 21 through an orifice 401, formed, for this purpose, in a support plate fixed 40 with vertical stop 402, against which the part 1 is held by means of a clamping plate 41 subjected to the action of a chamber cylinder 50, supplied with low pressure, constituting a cous ⁇ sin of air; said support plate 40 and said clamping plate 41 form part of a receiver 60, connected to the frame 4 vertically by four connecting rods 70 with elastic articulation 71 and horizontally by a connecting rod 72 connected, on the one hand, to a double eccentric 80 driven by a variable speed motor-reducer 81 and, on the other hand, by the intermediary of a yoke 431 to a connection plate 43 supporting the
- FIGS. 3 and 4 represent a part mounted with a clearance J on a device for fractioning and evacuating the casting core, which differs from that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 only by the presence of sleeve 413, forming a stop, on the slides 412, between the support plate Q 40 and the clamping plate 41.
- the parts 1 can be directly introduced from above, or, optionally, laterally, into the space thus formed between the two plates 40, 41, it being understood that the stop 402 existing on the support plate 40 limits the penetration of the part 1 into this space, without it being necessary to use any blocking system. Note that on certain flat parts, the parts can be tightened directly, without interposition of the clamping plate 41.
- the receiver 60 then being brought to the end of the stroke towards the pneumatic hammer 20, by controlled action on the double eccentric 80 5 by means of the geared motor 81, the operation can then begin, since the hammer 21 of the hammer tire 20 can strike directly on the part, passing through the orifice 401 provided for this purpose.
- These hammering actions at high frequency, on the resonant assembly, consisting of the part 1 with its clamping plate 41 and the 1 o chamber cylinder 50 at low pressure, cause, in the vicinity of the natural frequency of resonance of the system , a fractionation and a takeoff of the nucleus. This resonance phenomenon can be controlled by acting on the inflation pressure of the chamber cylinder 50 and on the frequency of hammering. 5
- the complete disaggregation of the core pieces can then be undertaken, by implementing the back and forth launching of the piece 1 by action on the receiver 60 supported by the vertical connecting rods 70, by continuous switching on of the gear motor o 81 driving the double eccentric 80 which communicates that, at said receiver 60, a reciprocating horizontal movement, of stroke and of frequency determined by means of the connecting rod 72 and the yoke 431 fixed perpendicular to the connecting plate 43.
- the core pieces resulting from the fragmentation produced 5 during the previous operation, undergoing inertia effects, which cause, by knocking, their progressive disintegration; operation which leads to a certain erosion of the roughness which may remain in the inaccessible cavities and a complete detachment of the most adherent sandy particles, by a "sanding" effect o well known in mechanics.
- Exhibit 1 is presented accordingly on the return receptor, the sand resulting from the disintegration of the core flows by gravity between the side plates 61, 62 of said receiver and the longe ⁇ rons of the frame 4.
- This sand can be evacuated as and when by a conveyor belt.
- the swing frequency and its amplitude 5 can, respectively, be adjusted, by action on a speed regulator and by action on the double eccentric.
- the disintegration action of the core fragments may be further increased, by providing a clearance J between the so-called clamping plate 41 and the part 1, by adding a sleeve 413 of appropriate length on the slides 412 (FIGS. 3 and 4), or, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, by means of two jacks 55 and 56, mounted in opposition and passing through the connecting plate 43, including the rod 551 of the 'one is connected to the yoke 431 and whose rod 561 of the other 5 abuts against the clamping plate 41, or directly against the part 1, to ensure, to the latter, a clearance J controlled in the plane horizontal; the clamping plate 41 then being secured to its slides by means of locking devices, incorporated in the slides 411.
- the jack 55 ensures the approach of the clamping plate as a function of the thickness of the piece and the jack 56 ensures only the play J.
- this arrangement which corresponds to FIGS. 3 to 6, makes it possible to further increase the effect of inertia and, consequently, the collision between the pieces nucleus; it facilitates, also drain the sand when dealing with fairly complex internal architecture to 5 parts.
- the part 1 is fixed in the receiver 60 by the intermediary of a housing 90, mounted with clearance between the connection plate 43 and the support plate 40, made integral with the lateral plates 61 and 62 of the receiver, or of the chassis (as shown in the figures), by the intermediary of four vertical rods 73 fixed by means of diary of elastic articulation 71.
- the part is locked against one of the short sides 91 of the housing, situated towards the pneumatic hammer 20, by means of a chamber jack 50 bearing against the short opposite side 92 of said housing 90, with the interposition, or not, of 5 tightening plate 41. It is possible thereby to obtain a combined swinging of the coin 1 via the receiver 60 and the housing 90, accompanying diligent- ci of shocks due to the play between the boî ⁇ tier and the connection plates 43 and support 40.
- Figures 12 to 14 show a frame 1000,190 supporting a workpiece holder 200 or a capsule support 100 by means of rods 500, springs 700 or crankshafts 180, actuated respectively by a crankshaft 300, a or several connecting rods 400 and a drive motor 600.
- the workpiece capsule 200 is connected to the frame 1000 by means of links 500, which can be common with those allowing the longitudinal swing, provided that their articulations are designed accordingly. (knee pads or double axis of articulation); the lateral rocking being ensured by the connecting rod 400, driven by a reciprocating movement by means of the crankshaft 300.
- the frequency of the reciprocating rocker thus created and maintained by the engine 600 could be made random by simple random variation of the speed of rotation of said motor 600; which can be easily obtained by means of an electronic variator, the control of which is ensured accordingly. Referring to FIG.
- the workpiece capsule 200 is connected to the frame 1000 by means of the crankshaft 300, in direct engagement, on the underside of the ⁇ said capsule 200, and two rows of springs 700, arranged on each side of the crankshaft and ensuring the return to vertical position of the capsule 200, while creating, with the latter, a vibrating system, which, combined with a variation random rotation speed of the vi ⁇ lebrequin, obtained as shown in the example above, will generate and maintain a random alternating rocking of said workpiece capsule 200.
- the longitudinal swing can be obtained by alternative sliding of the bearing 201, re ⁇ linking the workpiece holder capsule 200 to the crankshaft 300, on the crankpin of said crankshaft, provided that the length thereof is predetermined as a result to provide freedom of flow isseme ⁇ tsuffi- health.
- the longitudinal swing and the transverse swing of the -aipport 100 are combined in the circular movement of the crankpin 181 of the crankshafts 180 relative to the shaft entrainment 182 of these.
- the balancing thus obtained can be irregular and random, in this case also by varying the speed of rotation of the crankshaft drive motor, using the means already mentioned in the other examples.
- the frequency of the longitudinal swing can also be made random by random variation of the speed of rotation of the motor assigned to this function.
- the method and the device according to the invention relate mainly to ment, the cleaning of cylinder heads of internal combustion engine, but nothing prevents their use for the elimination of the core of other foundry parts having the same internal complexity, subject to minor adaptations.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9101385 | 1991-02-07 | ||
| FR9101385A FR2672525B1 (fr) | 1991-02-07 | 1991-02-07 | Procede et dispositif de debourrage de noyaux de coulee de pieces de fonderie. |
| FR9110389A FR2680327B1 (fr) | 1991-08-14 | 1991-08-14 | Perfectionnements aux procedes et aux dispositifs de debourrage de noyaux de coulee de pieces de fonderie. |
| FR9110389 | 1991-08-14 | ||
| PCT/FR1992/000095 WO1992013663A1 (fr) | 1991-02-07 | 1992-02-04 | Procede et dispositifs de debourrage de noyaux de coulee de pieces de fonderie |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0524302A1 true EP0524302A1 (fr) | 1993-01-27 |
| EP0524302B1 EP0524302B1 (fr) | 1999-10-20 |
Family
ID=26228498
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92906406A Expired - Lifetime EP0524302B1 (fr) | 1991-02-07 | 1992-02-04 | Procede et dispositifs de debourrage de noyaux de coulee de pieces de fonderie |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5460219A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0524302B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3056526B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100227743B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE185725T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU1344692A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2079996C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69230160T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2142316T3 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1992013663A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2699840B1 (fr) * | 1992-12-28 | 1995-02-10 | Peugeot | Machine à dessabler les pièces de fonderie. |
| FR2711931B1 (fr) * | 1993-11-05 | 1996-02-09 | Dimafond | Dispositif perfectionné de débourrage de noyaux de coulée de pièces de fonderie. |
| FR2730436B1 (fr) * | 1995-02-13 | 1997-05-09 | Peugeot | Procede et dispositif pour le dessablage d'une piece de fonderie |
| IT1308141B1 (it) * | 1999-03-17 | 2001-11-29 | Fi Me S R L Societa Unipersona | Sterratore per getti di fonderia. |
| US7094476B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2006-08-22 | Asahi Tec Corporation | Surface-treated product, surface-treatment method, and surface-treatment apparatus |
| FR2850305B1 (fr) * | 2003-01-23 | 2005-03-18 | Marcel Massin | Systeme automatise de debourrage et dispositif de debourrage |
| FR2850890B1 (fr) * | 2003-02-10 | 2006-09-15 | Remi Dupuis | Dispositif de dessablage de pieces de fonderie creuses |
| CN100346906C (zh) * | 2005-03-24 | 2007-11-07 | 北京铝镁泰和铸机设备科技有限公司 | 一种分段式凸轮脱型装置及其应用方法 |
| KR101038721B1 (ko) * | 2006-03-30 | 2011-06-02 | 아사히 테크 가부시키가이샤 | 상하요동식 가공장치 |
| US7712513B1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2010-05-11 | Carrier Vibrating Equipment Co. | System and method for controlling casting shakeout retention |
| DE102007022043A1 (de) | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-13 | August Mössner GmbH & Co. KG | Rüttelvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entfernen des Kernsandes aus hohlen Gussstücken |
| JP5772488B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-19 | 2015-09-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 中子砂落とし方法 |
| US9109531B2 (en) | 2012-01-09 | 2015-08-18 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Method for testing casting quality and apparatus therefor |
| SI24307A (sl) | 2013-03-29 | 2014-09-30 | Rc Simit D.O.O. | Vrtanje peščenih jeder iz ulitkov |
| CN103231042A (zh) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-07 | 吴江市董鑫塑料包装厂 | 一种起模装置 |
| CN106001519B (zh) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-10-02 | 芜湖永达科技有限公司 | 一种缸体震芯机 |
| JP2020102939A (ja) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-02 | 日本電産株式会社 | アクチュエータ |
| KR102147091B1 (ko) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-08-24 | 이정수 | 진동분리기 및 이를 이용한 주물 분리 시스템 |
| JP7323927B2 (ja) * | 2019-11-08 | 2023-08-09 | アピュアン株式会社 | 鋳砂除去装置、及び鋳砂除去方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3162910A (en) * | 1961-06-26 | 1964-12-29 | Simplicity Eng Co | Apparatus for shaking out foundry flasks |
| US4185681A (en) * | 1978-06-22 | 1980-01-29 | Conveyersmith, Inc. | Ceramic knock-off apparatus for removing ceramic from investment casting molds |
| CH654230A5 (de) * | 1981-05-27 | 1986-02-14 | Werner Lueber | Vorrichtung zum entfernen des kernsandes aus guss-stuecken. |
| DE3236709A1 (de) * | 1982-10-04 | 1984-04-05 | R.S. Rösler Gleitschlifftechnik und technische Keramik GmbH, 8623 Staffelstein | Vorrichtung zur entkernung von gussteilen |
| DE3239262A1 (de) * | 1982-10-23 | 1984-04-26 | Alb. Klein Gmbh & Co Kg, 5241 Niederfischbach | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entkernen von gussstuecken |
| IT1157143B (it) * | 1982-12-14 | 1987-02-11 | Fataluminium Spa | Dispositivo di sterratura per getti metallici cavi |
| DE3341894C1 (de) * | 1983-11-19 | 1985-03-14 | Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, 8000 München | Vorrichtung zum Entkernen von Gussstuecken durch Vibrationsschwingungen |
| US4718473A (en) * | 1985-01-25 | 1988-01-12 | General Kinematics Corporation | Vibratory stress relief apparatus |
| DE3728687A1 (de) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-09 | Froelich & Kluepfel Druckluft | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entkernen von gussstuecken |
| DE8900887U1 (de) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-05-03 | "F. u. K." Frölich & Klüpfel Drucklufttechnik GmbH & Co KG, 5600 Wuppertal | Vorrichtung zum Entkernen von Gußstücken |
| ATE97040T1 (de) * | 1988-01-27 | 1993-11-15 | Froelich & Kluepfel Druckluft | Vorrichtung zum entkernen von gussstuecken. |
-
1992
- 1992-02-04 EP EP92906406A patent/EP0524302B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-04 JP JP4505537A patent/JP3056526B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-04 AT AT92906406T patent/ATE185725T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-02-04 DE DE69230160T patent/DE69230160T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-04 WO PCT/FR1992/000095 patent/WO1992013663A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1992-02-04 US US07/934,540 patent/US5460219A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-04 AU AU13446/92A patent/AU1344692A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-02-04 ES ES92906406T patent/ES2142316T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-04 KR KR1019920702456A patent/KR100227743B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-04 CA CA002079996A patent/CA2079996C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9213663A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100227743B1 (ko) | 1999-11-01 |
| EP0524302B1 (fr) | 1999-10-20 |
| JP3056526B2 (ja) | 2000-06-26 |
| DE69230160T2 (de) | 2000-08-17 |
| WO1992013663A1 (fr) | 1992-08-20 |
| CA2079996A1 (fr) | 1992-08-08 |
| DE69230160D1 (de) | 1999-11-25 |
| ATE185725T1 (de) | 1999-11-15 |
| CA2079996C (fr) | 2000-04-25 |
| JPH05506407A (ja) | 1993-09-22 |
| US5460219A (en) | 1995-10-24 |
| ES2142316T3 (es) | 2000-04-16 |
| AU1344692A (en) | 1992-09-07 |
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