EP0560956A1 - Schwingkolbenmotor sowie anlage mit einem schwingkolbenmotor. - Google Patents
Schwingkolbenmotor sowie anlage mit einem schwingkolbenmotor.Info
- Publication number
- EP0560956A1 EP0560956A1 EP92919867A EP92919867A EP0560956A1 EP 0560956 A1 EP0560956 A1 EP 0560956A1 EP 92919867 A EP92919867 A EP 92919867A EP 92919867 A EP92919867 A EP 92919867A EP 0560956 A1 EP0560956 A1 EP 0560956A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- cylinder
- engine according
- piston engine
- steam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L21/00—Use of working pistons or pistons-rods as fluid-distributing valves or as valve-supporting elements, e.g. in free-piston machines
- F01L21/04—Valves arranged in or on piston or piston-rod
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
- F01B11/001—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by one double acting piston motor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a vibrating piston engine with a cylinder, on both sides of these adjoining cylinder heads and an axially movably arranged in the cylinder, a piston having a piston rod extending through the cylinder head and a system with a vibrating piston engine.
- thermal efficiency of thermal power plants is still a problem today. It is not more than 50% in combustion engines and in turbine systems. In steam power plants, less than 50% of the energy input is converted into electrical energy. More than 50% of this introduced energy leaves the system via the cooling tower, i.e. practically unused. This is questionable in terms of both cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Thermodynamics, however, teaches that the efficiency of the Carnot machine is the greatest possible.
- the vapor in the cylinder forms the many-body system.
- the piston itself is not part of the many-body system, it lacks the statistical aspect.
- the piston speed is determined according to the amount and direction. In this sense, it forms its own system.
- the van der Waals' forces also form the basis for the liquid phase.
- the molecules are loosely bound to one another by means of atomic bridges.
- atomic bridges In the case of water, for example, it is the hydrogen bonds.
- the molecules are also polarized by these bridge bonds, that is, aligned, which then results in a higher degree of order among the molecules. If the entropy is regarded as the degree of disorder among the molecules, this means a smaller entropy for the liquid phase than in the gas phase. You can see this very well from the state diagram for vapors. Wet steam is the transition phase from the
- the atomic bridges occur at molecular collisions, which are elastic.
- the impact can be divided into two phases, the compression phase and the expansion phase.
- the compression phase the force fields, which are just molecules, merge.
- the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.
- the second phase the first phase, the compression phase, the force fields, which are just molecules, merge.
- the kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.
- condensing means that the 5 molecules are deprived of kinetic energy.
- Waals's forces are constant sizes. If kinetic energy is now extracted from the molecules, the van der Waals' forces gain influence, which then leads to a stronger polarization of the molecules. For this reason -5 it seems possible that the relaxation of a wet steam against a piston has a decreasing entropy.
- polar molecules do not behave in the sense of the principle of increasing entropy, which can also be interpreted in the sense that molecules would never change from a state of low order to a state of higher order on their own.
- polar molecules obviously go into a higher order state with decreasing energy content.
- this can be clamp against a piston.
- the interaction of the steam molecules with the moving piston wall corresponds to a special case of elastic impact, namely the impact on a moving wall.
- the heat can be attributed to the kinetic and internal potential energy of the steam molecules.
- FIG. 1 shows a section through the oscillating piston engine
- 2 shows a section through part of the oscillating-piston engine with the piston in the left end position
- FIG. 3 shows a section through part of the oscillating-piston engine with the piston moving to the right
- FIG. 4 shows a section through part of the oscillating piston engine with the piston in a right position
- FIG. 5 shows a section through part of the oscillating piston with the piston in the right end position
- FIG. 6 shows a section along line VI-VI 1
- FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the entire oscillating piston system.
- 1 comprises a cylinder 2, at the two ends of which a cylinder head 3, 4 for receiving, among other things. flanged from valves and sealed with seals 5 and 6 relative to the cylinder 2.
- the oscillating piston engine is mounted on a base by means of shock absorbers 7 and 8.
- a first steam inlet opening 9 and a second steam inlet opening 10 are provided in the cylinder heads 3 and 4.
- An annular steam inlet valve 13 and 14 is also arranged in annular recesses 11 and 12.
- the steam inlet valves 13, 14 can be displaced against the pressure of a spring 15 and 16 relative to the outer walls 17 and 18 of the cylinder heads 3 and 4.
- the springs 15 and 16 abut surfaces 19 and 20 of an annular channel 21 and 22 of the steam inlet valves 13 and 14.
- the steam inlet valves 13 and 14 are each provided with an annular damping element 23 and 24.
- Steam inlet valves 13 and 14 each have an extension 26 and 27 directed in the direction of the cylinder chamber 25, in which extensions an annular groove 28 and 29 is embedded.
- the steam inlet valves 13 and 14 are against its outer circumference in the closed position shown in FIG. 1 on annular stops 30 and 31, these stops 30 and 31 being loaded by springs 32 and -33.
- Each of the cylinder heads 3 and 4 has an annular intermediate piece 34 and 35 with an annular groove 36 and 37 which is triangular in cross section.
- An annular damping member 38 and 39 is provided on the outer edge of the intermediate pieces 34 and 35.
- the piston 42 connected to a piston rod 40 and a steam outlet pipe 41 is arranged to be axially displaceable.
- the piston 42 is sealed off from the cylinder wall 44 by a sealing ring 43.
- the piston rod 40 is guided in an axial bearing 45 with seals 46 and 47.
- the steam outlet pipe 41 is guided in an axial bearing 48 with seals 49 and 50.
- the steam outlet pipe 41 has a plurality of ribs 92 which are triangular in cross section and which have an approximately perpendicular to the cylinder axis on the left side according to FIG. 1 and an edge 93, 94 which runs obliquely to the cylinder axis on the right side according to FIG. This prevents the condensate flowing out through the steam outlet pipe from refluxing.
- the piston 42 is provided with curved steam passage channels 51 and 52, at the end of which ribs 87 connected to the steam outlet pipe 41 are arranged.
- a part 112 between the steam outlet channels 51 r 52 is tapered at its end.
- a likewise annular steam outlet valve 54 is arranged in an annular opening 53 of the piston 42.
- the steam outlet valve 54 is provided at its two outer ends with an annular part 55 and 56 which is approximately triangular in cross section and is guided in bearing bushes 59 and 97 with cylindrical parts which connect the parts 55 and 56.
- the annular parts 55 and 56 are each continued in an annular control nose 57 and 58.
- a condensate valve 61 loaded with a spring 60 is arranged on the outer circumference of the piston 42.
- the steam outlet valve 54 is arranged to be axially movable with respect to the piston 42.
- the ends 62 and 63 of the control lugs 57 and 58 fit into correspondingly shaped recesses 64 and 65 of the damping elements 23 and 24.
- the surfaces 90, 91 of the annular part 55, 56 of the steam outlet valve 54 run obliquely to the axis of the cylinder 2.
- Part 56 and the right wall 70 of the piston 42 through the channel 51 in the Da Pfauslassrohr 41 can flow. If saturated steam is fed in, it can be assumed that some of the steam condenses on the piston surface.
- the piston surfaces 70 are conical, which means that any condensate that fails is conveyed into the steam outlet pipe 41 by the acceleration forces.
- the condensate is conveyed to the opposite side via the check valve 60, 61 and from there is also conveyed into the steam outlet pipe 41 as a result of the acceleration forces.
- the relaxed wet steam is conveyed through the steam outlet pipe into the phase separator, where the liquid phase and the gas phase are separated. In the phase of the functional sequence according to FIG. 4, the steam outlet valve 54 on the right side according to FIG. 4 is closed.
- Areas 90, 91, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 of the annular part 55, 56 of the steam outlet valve 54 run obliquely to the axis of the cylinder 2, namely both those adjacent to the cylindrical connecting parts 95, 96 and those adjacent to the control lugs 57 and 58.
- the outer surfaces of the valve 54 preferably run symmetrically the control lugs 57, 58.
- the surfaces 108, 109, 110, 111 of the piston opposite the annular parts 55, 56 of the valve 54 likewise run obliquely to the axis of the cylinder 2 and fit exactly on the corresponding surfaces 90, 91, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 of the annular parts of the valve.
- wet steam is expanded against a piston.
- FIG. 6 shows a section along line VI-VI of FIG. 1.
- Fig. 7 shows a section along line VII-VII of Fig. L.
- FIG. 8 shows the overall system with the oscillating piston motor in a schematic manner.
- a linear generator 72 is driven with the oscillating piston motor 1 and is switched over to motor operation at the start of the oscillating piston motor.
- Valves 74 and 75 which lead to the steam inlets 9 and 10, are actuated via a process computer 73.
- the process control ner measurement data of a Hall generator 76 arranged on the cylinder wall 44 for measuring the axial movement of the piston 42 is recorded.
- a magnet 77 is arranged in the outer wall of the piston 42. Saturated steam is supplied to the valves 74 and 75 from an evaporator 78 via a line 79.
- the steam outlet pipe 41 of the oscillating piston motor is connected to a phase separation vessel 81 via a bellows 80.
- the residual gas is fed via line 84 to the evaporator 78 via a residual gas compression device with recooling 82.
- the phase separation vessel is connected via a condensate pump 85 to the residual gas compression device 82 via a line 36.
- a spiral 98 is arranged in the evaporator 78, which symbolizes a heat exchanger with which the necessary heat, which could be, for example, waste heat from industrial plants, is introduced into the system, which is then mechanically or mechanically operated with the oscillating piston motor. electrical energy is to be converted.
- the heat can come from any heat sources and can be brought to the heat exchanger by means of steam, exhaust air or other heat carriers. In the heat exchanger, this is then transferred to the cycle medium and steam is thus generated.
- the system described can also be operated as a refrigerator with a vibrating piston motor.
- the oscillating piston motor could also be called a condensation motor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Hydraulic Motors (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH2966/91 | 1991-10-08 | ||
| CH296691 | 1991-10-08 | ||
| PCT/CH1992/000207 WO1993007360A1 (de) | 1991-10-08 | 1992-10-08 | Schwingkolbenmotor sowie anlage mit einem schwingkolbenmotor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0560956A1 true EP0560956A1 (de) | 1993-09-22 |
| EP0560956B1 EP0560956B1 (de) | 1997-06-11 |
Family
ID=4245649
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92919867A Expired - Lifetime EP0560956B1 (de) | 1991-10-08 | 1992-10-08 | Schwingkolbenmotor sowie anlage mit einem schwingkolbenmotor |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0560956B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2673607B2 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE154412T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU662761B2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59208611D1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2091591C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1993007360A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2163974C1 (ru) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-03-10 | Анатолий Борисович Швец | Способ работы двигателя |
| RU2439332C2 (ru) * | 2010-03-24 | 2012-01-10 | Виктор Анатольевич Кущенко | Паровой электрогенератор кущенко в.а. |
| RU2665777C1 (ru) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-09-04 | Александр Поликарпович Лялин | Паровая энергетическая установка |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR442055A (fr) * | 1911-02-23 | 1912-08-23 | Maschb Anstalt Humboldt | Machine à vapeur à flux continu |
| CH133560A (de) * | 1928-06-20 | 1929-06-15 | A Flury S Soehne | Kolbenwassermotor. |
| AT379000B (de) * | 1978-11-17 | 1985-10-25 | Hoerbiger Ventilwerke Ag | Antriebszylinder fuer fluidische steuerungen |
| FR2588045B1 (fr) * | 1985-09-27 | 1989-09-15 | Jerusel Jean | Machine motrice a liquide ou fluide compressible sous pression |
| JPH03157506A (ja) * | 1989-11-16 | 1991-07-05 | Yamada Corp | 往復動形アクチュエータ |
-
1992
- 1992-10-08 RU RU9293050014A patent/RU2091591C1/ru active
- 1992-10-08 DE DE59208611T patent/DE59208611D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-08 EP EP92919867A patent/EP0560956B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-08 WO PCT/CH1992/000207 patent/WO1993007360A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1992-10-08 JP JP5506513A patent/JP2673607B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-08 AT AT92919867T patent/ATE154412T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-10-08 AU AU25928/92A patent/AU662761B2/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9307360A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0560956B1 (de) | 1997-06-11 |
| AU2592892A (en) | 1993-05-03 |
| WO1993007360A1 (de) | 1993-04-15 |
| JP2673607B2 (ja) | 1997-11-05 |
| RU2091591C1 (ru) | 1997-09-27 |
| DE59208611D1 (de) | 1997-07-17 |
| ATE154412T1 (de) | 1997-06-15 |
| JPH06503396A (ja) | 1994-04-14 |
| AU662761B2 (en) | 1995-09-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| DE10138255B4 (de) | Anordnung für Kaskadenkälteanlage | |
| EP1591644B1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Ausnutzung der Abwärme von Verdichtern | |
| DE10054022A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Wärmekraftmaschine | |
| EP3227592A1 (de) | Ventil mit metallbalg-kolben-einheit | |
| EP0560956B1 (de) | Schwingkolbenmotor sowie anlage mit einem schwingkolbenmotor | |
| EP3092376B1 (de) | Wärmekraftanlage mit wärmerückgewinnung und energieumwandlungsverfahren mit einer solchen wärmekraftanlage | |
| WO2014114659A1 (de) | Mehrstufiger kolbenverdichter | |
| DE112016000565T5 (de) | Arbeitsflüssigkeit für eine Einheit, Einheit und Verfahren zum Umwandeln von Wärme in mechanische Energie | |
| DE102010018654B4 (de) | Zyklisch arbeitende Wärme-Kraftmaschine | |
| WO2003083307A1 (de) | Pumpeinrichtung, verfahren zum betreiben einer pumpeinrichtung und dessen verwendung bei einer dampfturbinenanlage | |
| DE19533755C2 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Wärme und Kälte | |
| DE3137937C2 (de) | ||
| DE19626956B4 (de) | Gastrockner mit einer Auslaßkammer | |
| DE3836463C2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nutzung der Abwärme eines Prozesses | |
| DE102014016868A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Niedertemperatur-Kraftwerkes mit einem Verdampferkreisprozess als Arbeitskreislauf | |
| WO2020126837A1 (de) | Thermodynamischer kreisprozess zur erzeugung von druckluft | |
| DE102014113949A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Druckänderung eines Arbeitsstoffes | |
| DE102014216263B3 (de) | Dampfventilvorrichtung | |
| DE102012210636A1 (de) | Ladungswechseleinrichtung für eine Expansionsmaschine | |
| AT514737A1 (de) | Lösungsmittelpumpe | |
| WO2017041952A1 (de) | Schieberventil für ein abwärmerückgewinnungssystem | |
| DE19617361C1 (de) | Strömungsmaschine zur Erzeugung mechanischer Arbeit aus Wärmeenergie und ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung mechanischer Arbeit aus Wärmeenergie | |
| DE3013634A1 (de) | Allstoff-waermepumpe | |
| WO2015169965A1 (de) | Anordnung mit mehreren wärmeübertragern und verfahren zum verdampfen eines arbeitsmediums | |
| DE102023135303A1 (de) | Verdichteranordnung, Wärmepumpenanordnung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Verdichteranordnung und einer Wärmepumpenanordnung |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19921008 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR IT LI NL SE |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19940711 |
|
| GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
| GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR IT LI NL SE |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19970611 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 19970611 Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19970611 |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 154412 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19970615 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
| REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 59208611 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19970717 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: NV Representative=s name: BOVARD AG PATENTANWAELTE |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19970911 |
|
| NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
| EN | Fr: translation not filed | ||
| PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
| 26N | No opposition filed | ||
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20001006 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20001010 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20001020 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011008 |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011031 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20011031 |
|
| REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
| PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020702 |