Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
  • G08B13/14—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
  • G08B13/1481—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles with optical detection

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a system for monitoring a movable or mobile object.
• the object of the present invention is the implementation of a system for monitoring a movable or movable object making it possible to ensure maximum security, for a minimum subjection, to any work of art or movable or movable object subjected to this one.
• Another object of the present invention is also a system for monitoring a movable or movable object making it possible to ensure dedicated surveillance of one or more works of art or movable or movable objects of a set of works of art. art or movable or movable objects constituting a collection.
• Another object of the present invention is finally the implementation of a monitoring system of a movable or mobile object allowing at the same time a great autonomy of operation, a very great flexibility of use and a maximum security, in the measurement where, with the actual surveil ⁇ lance of one or more movable or movable objects, can be associated a surveillance or a control, at least partial, of the environment of these.
• the system for monitoring a movable or movable object, placed in a surveillance enclosure, object of the present invention is remarkable in that it comprises a transmitter-receiver device of a first and of a second object control signal. , the first object control signal for performing an object presence control and the second object control signal for performing an object position control.
• a device for transmitting an alarm trigger signal is provided, this device receiving the first and second object control signals and allowing the conditional transmission of an alarm trigger signal on the basis of a combination of logic and / or analog of the first and second object control signal.
• the surveillance system for a movable or mobile object finds application in the surveillance of art objects exhibited in museums or cultural events, and, more generally, objects of security or securities placed in a protected perimeter or not.
• FIG. 1 represents a general block diagram of the system for monitoring a movable or mobile object which is the subject of the present invention
• FIG. 2a shows, by way of illustration, a detector specially adapted for implementing the monitoring system which is the subject of the present invention
• FIG. 2b represents, by way of illustration, a diagram of the electronic circuits allowing an implementation of the detector as represented in FIG. 2a,
• FIG. 2c represents, in a nonlimiting manner, an exemplary embodiment of a relay element for triggering an alarm, disposed on the surveillance enclosure,
• FIG. 3a represents the diagram of an embodiment of a signal transmitter allowing the implementation of the electronic circuits represented in FIG. 2b,
• FIG. 3b represents the diagram of an embodiment of a demodulation channel as shown in FIG. 2b, and delivering either the first or the second object control signal
• FIG. 3c shows an advantageous embodiment of an intercorrelation circuit of the first and second object control signals, to generate a conditional transmission of an alarm signal
• - Figure 3d shows a timing diagram of the signals detected at different test points in Figures 3a, 3b, 3c.
• FIG. 4a represents an alternative embodiment of the alarm transmission relay element shown in FIG. 2c
• FIG. 4b represents a detail of embodiment of electronic circuits of the relay element shown in FIG. 4a
• FIG. 4c represents a call message MA and a response message MR sent and received by the relay element represented in FIG. 4a respectively by a detector as represented in FIG. 2a for example,
• FIG. 4d represents a sequence of sending MAi call messages and corresponding MRi response messages
• FIG. 5 shows an advantageous detail of embodiment of the detector as shown in Figure 2a.
• FIG. 6 represents a particularly advantageous application of the surveillance system which is the subject of the invention to mobile objects such as motor vehicles.
• the system for monitoring a movable object or mobile comprises a transmitter-receiver circuit 1 of a first and of a second object control signal, denoted respectively sco 1, sco2.
• the first object control signal makes it possible to carry out an object presence control while the second object control signal makes it possible to carry out an object position control.
• a circuit 2 for transmitting an alarm trigger signal is also provided, this transmission circuit 2 receiving the first and second object control signals and allowing the conditional transmission of a trigger signal alarm on criterion of logical and / or analogical combination, of the first and of the second signal - control object sco 1, sco2 previously mentioned.
• the movable or mobile object is referenced OM
• the surveillance enclosure is represented by a museum hall for example, the ceiling and one of the walls of which has been represented, the movable or movable object being shown schematically by an exposed table fixed to the ceiling for example by means of a hanger.
• the first object control signal sco 1 is a function of the distance dl of the movable or mobile object OM under surveillance from the active parts of the transmitter circuit- receiver 1.
• the second object control signal is a function of the distance d2 of the furnished or movable object under surveillance to a fixed plane denoted PF in FIG. 1 of the surveillance enclosure, this fixed plane is taken as the reference plane.
• the fix plan could be constituted as shown in FIG. 1 by one of the walls of the exhibition hall.
• f (dl, d2) denotes a function of the distance values dl, d2 of the movable or mobile object OM under surveillance, - the expression not denotes a non variation or deviation of the value of this constant with respect to a reference value A for the movable or mobile object OM in question, for which the latter is safe.
• the function f (dl, d2) A can be a logical function of the distance variables dl, d2, considered as logical (or numerical) variables and / or an arithmetic function of the distance variables dl and d2 considered as analog variables.
• the logical function of the distance variables dl, d2 can be constituted for example by a logical function of the AND type of the logical variables dl, d2 whereas the arithmetic function of the distance variables dl , d2 can be carried out for example by comparison of the values of distance, that is to say of an amplitude level of the first and of the second control signal object scol, sco2 with respect to determined threshold values, thus that will be described in more detail later in the description.
• the circuit 2 for transmitting an alarm triggering signal can either be produced by an autonomous system triggering an audible alarm, for example such as a vibrator or, preferably not limitative, a circuit for transmitting an alarm trigger signal such as the sda trigger signal shown in FIG. 1.
• the sda alarm trigger signal is then constituted by the sound signal emitted by the vibrator .
• the monitoring system which is the subject of the present invention further comprises a relay element 3 for triggering an alarm arranged on the monitoring enclosure.
• the relay element 3 will be placed for example on the ceiling of the exhibition hall.
• This element alarm trigger relay 3 is intended to receive the alarm trigger signal sda when it is not constituted by an audible signal emitted by a buzzer
• the relay trigger alarm element 3 is then connected to a central monitoring station by a bu type link for example, which will be explained in more detail later in the description.
• the transmitter circuit and the transmission circuit 2 are constituted respectively by a first 110, 111 and by a second 120, 121 transmission-reception transducer.
• a third transmission transducer 20 is provided, which is intended to constitute the circuit 2 of the alarm trigger signal, as will be described below in the description.
• the first, second and third transducers are, for example, electromagnetic wave or ultrasonic wave transducers mounted in a housing 10 constituting a detector for monitoring the movable or mobile object OM, this detector, or a plurality of these detectors, each detector being associated with a different movable or movable object placed under surveillance, producing in conjunction with the relay element 3 for triggering an alarm, the surveillance system object of the present invention.
• the first 110 and the second 111 transmitting-receiving-ion transducers make it possible to generate and receive electromagnetic or ultrasonic waves modulated in amplitude according to a modulation frequency and a ratio. cyclical determined.
• the emission and reception of waves electromagnetic or ultrasonic is carried out, for each transducer, in a solid angle of surveillance directed towards the movable or mobile object, OM under surveillance with regard to the first transducer, the solid angle denoted d ⁇ l being proportional to the distance dl, and , with regard to the second transducer, the solid angle d ⁇ 2 directed respectively towards the fixed plane PF of the monitoring enclosure, taken as the reference plane, and proportional to the distance d2.
• the first and the second transmission-reception transducers can be produced respectively by a transmission diode 110 and a reception diode 111, a transmission diode 120 and a reception diode 121. These transmission diodes can then for example carry out a transmission-reception in the field of infrared electromagnetic waves.
• the first respectively the second transmission-reception transducer are constituted, as shown in FIG. 2a, by the transmission diode 110 or 120 disposed on a first face of a housing 100 constituting the detector for monitoring the movable or movable object OM and by the reception diode 111 or 121 arranged on the same first or second face of the housing 100.
• the aforementioned transmission and reception diodes constituting the first, respectively the second transmission-reception transducer are arranged thus on two opposite faces of the housing, so as to allow the orientation of the emission beam from the first, respectively from the second transducer towards the movable or movable object OM respectively towards the fixed plane PF.
• each emitting diode 110 or 120 is connected to an electronic circuit making it possible to generate the infrared emission in similar solid angles while the receiving diodes 111 or 121 are on the contrary connected to an electronic circuit making it possible to ensuring in particular the function described by equation 1 above to enable the transmission of the trigger signal of alarm r nda as mentioned preceding demment.
• the emission diodes and the reception diodes 110, 111 respectively 120, 121 can be mounted in a housing formed in the faces of the housing 100 so as to allow a reduction in the risk of direct excitation of each reception diode at 111 or 121, by the corresponding emission beam from the emission diode 110 respectively 120. It will be noted in this respect that the emission powers of each diode are limited to a few milli atts.
• the housing 100 forming a surveillance detector advantageously comprises a circuit 130 for supplying electrical energy to the first, second and third transducers, this circuit 130 making it possible to deliver a voltage to all of the electronic circuits.
• the housing also includes a circuit 140 which generates a transmission signal modulated into a pulse with a repetition frequency and a determined duty cycle.
• This transmission signal is for example generated by an oscillator 1401 which delivers on the one hand a synchronization signal SYNCHR0 for all the electronic circuits and the transmission signal itself making it possible to modulate in fact the infrared emission from the emission diodes 110 and 120.
• This emission signal is delivered to the emission diode constituting the first 110, respectively the second 120 emission-reception transducer by means of a circuit 1402 enabling regulation of the power and of the current flowing in the emitting diodes 110 and 120 to be ensured.
• the The aforementioned electronic circuits include a demodulator circuit 150 comprising a first A and a second B demodulation channel.
• Each demodulation channel A, B is connected to the reception diode 111, 121 constituting the first respectively the second transmission-reception transducer.
• Each demodulation channel A, B comprises at least one envelope detector denoted 1503a respectively 1503b making it possible to detect the envelope of the signal delivered by the reception diode of the first and of the second transmission-reception transducer.
• each reception diode 111, 121 constituting the first and the second transducer respectively is connected to the corresponding demodulation channel AB, which can then successively comprise a current voltage converter. denoted 1501a, 1501b, an adapter circuit denoted 1502a, 1502b and the aforementioned envelope detector 1503a, 1503b. It will be noted that the envelope detector of the first A respectively second B_ demodulation channel then delivers a signal constituting the first scol respec ⁇ tively the second sco2 object control signal.
• the housing 100 also includes a circuit 160 intercorré ⁇ lation receiving the first and second object control signal and allowing the conditional transmission of an alarm triggering control signal scda.
• a circuit 160 intercorré ⁇ lation receiving the first and second object control signal and allowing the conditional transmission of an alarm triggering control signal scda.
• the scda alarm trigger control signal is delivered by the intercorrelation circuit 160 to the circuit 2 for transmitting the sda alarm trigger signal such that shown in Figure 2b, that is to say to the third transmission transducer 2.
• the scda alarm trigger control signal comprises at least one diode 20 for transmitting an electromagnetic or ultrasonic wave coded for example constituting the alarm triggering signal sda to the relay element 3 triggering alarm.
• the housing 100 may be provided with a circuit 26 indicating the triggering of an alarm, which receives the signal for controlling the triggering of the scda alarm, this circuit being a trigger indicator 26 being connected for example to a light-emitting diode 27 operating in flashing mode, to a vibrator 28 for example and being also provided with a resetting element 29 denoted RESET.
• the alarm trigger indicator circuit 26 and the third transmission transducer can also receive in parallel with the alarm trigger control signal scda a technical alarm control signal scat generated by the circuit 13 d feeding as will be described later dan description.
• the coded electromagnetic or ultrasonic wave transmitted by the third transducer 2, that is to say by the corresponding emission diode, by the piezoelectric transducer in the case where an ultrasonic wave is used can be coded so as to transmit a code representative of the movable or mobile object OM or of the address thereof.
• the tripping relay element 3 can comprise at least a plurality of reception diodes denoted 30, these reception diodes being advantageously distributed over a surface of the spherical cap type or hemispherical so as to allow reception of the sda alarm trigger signal at an angle of 180 ° in site and in deposit.
• the plurality of reception diodes 30 is then interconnected so that the diodes are connected in parallel via operational amplifiers, for example impedance adapters.
• circuit 140 generating the pulse-modulated transmission signal, of the demodulator circuit 150 and of the circuit 160 of interconnection of the first and second object control signal will be given in connection with the corresponding FIGS. 3a to 3d.
• FIG 3a there is shown the generator circuit 140 the modulated transmission signal pulses, or at the "least a portion thereof.
• the current regulating circuit is not shown, the power circuit and the oscillator being the opposite and comprising for example two gates 1042a and 1042b connected in cascade of the NAND type lestinated to produce an astable oscillator whose duty cycle has been made asymmetrical by a diode 1042c and whose oscillation frequency is fixed by the resistor R and the capacitor 1042d and then driving two power transistors mounted in Darlington type mounting, these transistors being noted 1042e, 1042f.
• the output transistor 1042f is loaded into its collector electrode by the emitting diode 110 or the diode 120 for example T
• the timing diagrams of the signals corresponding to the test points 1 and 2 of FIG. 3a are represented at points 1 and 2 resp ectively from Figure 3d
• the conduction of the emitting diode 110 or 120 is obtained for the corresponding pulse duration, which is noted ⁇ .
• one of the demodulation channels A or B is shown in fact constituting the circuit demodulator 150 and in particular the elements 1501a, 1502 and 1503a of FIG. 2b.
• the demodulation channel B can be produced by identical elements of reference 1501b, 1502b, 1503b to the corresponding elements of the demodulation channel A.
• the reception diode 111 or 121 is connected to the collector electrode of a transistor 201 mounted as a common emitter, the basic circuit of which is biased by resistors R and a capacitor C.
• This circuit makes it possible to carry out an automatic brightness correction so as to take into account, if necessary, the residual voltage delivered by one or the other of the aforesaid reception diodes due to the ambient lighting.
• the output of the current voltage converter circuit 1501a that is to say the collector electrode of the transistor 201, is connected by a connecting capacitor C1 to the adapter circuit 1502a, which can advantageously consist as shown in FIG. 3b by two operational amplifiers 202 and 203 connected in cascade, these amplifiers being normally polarized by circuits with resistance R and corresponding capacity C.
• the adapter circuit 1502a that is to say the output of the last amplifier 203, is connected to the envelope detector circuit 1503a.
• the latter comprises an input transistor 204 mounted as a follower emitter intended to provide an impedance separation and adaptation stage, the aforementioned transistor and in particular the emitter resistance thereof, on which is mounted a cd detection capacity in parallel, making it possible to detect the envelope of the signals delivered by the adapter circuit 1502a and to connect to a circuit of the follower amplifier type 205, which delivers the control signal object scol or sco2 in the case respectively of the channels of demodulation A or B.
• the timing diagrams of the signals recorded at test points 4 and 5 in FIG. 3b are given at points 4 and 5 correspondents of figure 3d.
• this signal constituting the first or respectively the second control signal of scol or sco2 object, whether this corresponds either to a DC voltage of value determined at equilibrium, that is to say in the absence of any disturbances generated on the movable or mobile object OM itself as regards the first object control signal or in movement of this object relative to the reference plane PF during an imbalance, that is to say in the presence of a disturbance with regard to the second object control signal sco2.
• a DC voltage of value determined at equilibrium that is to say in the absence of any disturbances generated on the movable or mobile object OM itself as regards the first object control signal or in movement of this object relative to the reference plane PF during an imbalance, that is to say in the presence of a disturbance with regard to the second object control signal sco2.
• the first and the second scol object control signal, sco2 are then delivered to the inter-correlatron circuit 160 which will be described in connection with FIG. 3c.
• intercorrelation circuit which in fact allows a logical and / or analog combination of the first and second object control signals to be ensured.
• scol, sco2 according to the situations of use of the surveillance system object of the present invention and in particular of the detector circuit thereof.
• the correlation circuit 1 ⁇ 0 can advantageously include a first and a second window comparator denoted 1601 respectively 1602.
• Each window comparator receives the scol signal delivered by the demodulation channel A respectively the sco2 signal delivered by the demodulation channel B.
• the window comparators 1601 and 1602 can be identical and only the window comparator 1601 will therefore be described.
• the output of amplifier 308 is connected to an output stage constituted by a transistor 309 mounted as a common emitter.
• the scold signal corresponding to the first object control signal detected is delivered by the first window comparator circuit 1601 corresponding. The same is true for the second detected object control signal sco2d delivered by the window comparator 1602.
• ve represents the amplitude of the input signal of the window comparator 1601
• vl represents the value of the voltage defined by the potentiometric ratio k at point Q in FIG. 3c
• v2 represents the value of the input voltage applied to the negative terminal of the second operational amplifier 305
• v3 represents the value of the voltage memorized by the capacity 305a connected in parallel on the positive input of the operational amplifier .305.
• the voltage v3 at the terminals of the capacity 305a becomes> v2 due to the very presence of the aforementioned capacity, which has the effect of triggering the operational amplifier 305 mounted as a comparator, the voltage vs2 then passing to a different value from 0, ie to a logic value 1.
• the amplifier 308 transmits from point P the corresponding amplified signal via the output transistor 309, which delivers the corresponding object control signal detected scold or sco2d.
• the 160 further comprises an arrangement of logic circuits constituted for example by an OR gate and two AND gates 311 connected to two inputs of the aforementioned OR gate 310, the AND gates 311 and 312 receiving on the one hand the first detected object control signal scold respectively the second detected object control signal sco2d and on the other hand a first and a second inhibition signal denoted Inl respectively In2, the OR gate 310 thus making it possible to deliver the alarm triggering control signal scda previously mentioned.
• connection between the third transmission transducer 2 and the element 3 trigger relay can then be doubled by a fiber optic connection 4 for example.
• a fiber optic connection 4 for example.
• the optical fiber 4 can advantageously be embedded in the walls of the wall and the corresponding ceiling.
• the trigger relay element 3 can comprise at least one transceiver element making it possible to periodically generate a coded call message noted at each of the transmission transducers 2. MY.
• Each of the trans ⁇ mission transducers 2 is then itself formed by a transponder 20, 21 connected to the "transmitter circuit of the third transducer 2, this transponder making it possible, in fact, to generate in response to the call message MA a message of coded response MR of security presence of the movable or mobile object under surveillance.
• the transmission diode 20 making it possible to generate the alarm triggering signal sda and of a reception diode 21 making it possible on the contrary to receive the MA call messages, as will be described below in the description.
• the alarm triggering signal sda can then be advantageously produced by the absence of a response message MR under determined conditions which will be described below.
• the alarm triggering signal is constituted for a movable or mobile object given by the consecutive absence of a plurality M of coded response messages MR.
• FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c Such a mode of operation of the system which is the subject of the present invention will now be described in conjunction with FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c.
• FIG. 4a an advantageous embodiment of the relay element 3 for transmitting an alarm is shown, in which a plurality of receiving diodes 30 respectively of emission 31 are distributed over a spherical cap as previously described.
• the reception diodes 30 are each connected in parallel by means of an operational amplifier, for example, while the emission diodes 31 are themselves connected in parallel by means of an operational amplifier 310.
• the transmission of the call message MA and the reception of the corresponding response message MR is then ensured by the set of corresponding diodes connected in parallel, as will be described in connection with Figure 4c and 4d.
• a call message MA is represented on the one hand and a response message MR on the other hand.
• the call message can for example consist of a message coded on 6 bits representative of the address of the OM object followed by a flag of coding coded on 4 bits giving the identification of the relay element 3 generating the MA call message.
• the most significant bits make it possible to code the address of the movable or movable object OM while the least significant bits make it possible, on the contrary, to code the identification of the element. relay generating the MA call message.
• the subdivision of the call messages and the response messages into two parts in which on the one hand the address of the movable or movable object and on the other hand the address or the identification of the relay element 3 is specified allows very flexible use of the detectors and the monitoring system object of the present invention since, on the one hand, it is not only possible to monitor a plurality of movable or mobile objects OM by means of a element 3 relay for transmitting the determined address alarm signal, and that, on the other hand, it is possible to use several elements 3 relays comprising a different address for monitoring a very large room museum for example or a storage area for movable or movable objects, which can be subdivided into surveillance zones, each zone being covered by an element 3 corresponding address relay.
• the coding of the MA call messages and of the MR response messages can then be carried out according to conventional techniques such as PPM or RC5 coding for example or the like.
• FIG. 4d represents a sequence of transmission and reception of the successive MA call messages and corresponding successive response messages MR transmitted and received respectively at the level of an element 3 alarm transmission relay for example.
• element 3 corresponding allows the sequential transmission of the various call messages MAI, MAi and the corresponding immediate reception of the various response messages MR1, MRi corresponding.
• the sequential transmission period of the call messages can for example have a duration of 100 milliseconds for n ⁇ 32 movable or movable objects.
• the 2b advantageously comprises a first battery 1301 and a second storage battery 1302 which are connected by means of an inverter 1303 to a controller 1304 allowing to deliver the continuous supply voltage Ucc previously mentioned.
• a circuit 1305 for detecting low voltage which on the one hand makes it possible to switch the inverter circuit 1303 from a storage battery 1301 to the storage battery 1302 or vice versa, d on the other hand, upon detection of a voltage value delivered by the regulator, inter- connected to one or other of the aforementioned batteries, below a determined threshold value.
• the regulator circuit 1304 is a conventional regulator circuit making it possible to regulate the current delivered by the switched battery to the latter.
• the low voltage detector circuit is a threshold comparator circuit which, on crossing the threshold value by the voltage delivered by the regulator, generates a switching command signal for the inverter 1303. This circuit does not will not be described in detail since it corresponds to conventional type circuits.
• the low voltage detection circuit 1305 can be provided with a memory circuit which making it possible to memorize a first low voltage detection on one of the batteries also makes it possible to memorize the value of the detected voltage. on the other battery after switching and, in the case where the two memorized battery voltage values are each less than the threshold value, to generate for example.
• a technical alarm control signal scat which makes it possible to control on the one hand the trigger indicator circuit 26 and on the other hand the emitter circuit of the third transducer 2 to generate an alarm trigger signal message of a particular type, corresponding for example to a given code, allowing on the one hand to identify the detector circuit concerned, that is to say the address of the corresponding movable or mobile object OM, and a particular message significant of the malfunction state of the power supply circuit thereof.
• a circuit 130 for supplying electrical energy, first second and third transducers comprising a self-generating electrical energy system 25 enabling one or more to be recharged. other from storage batteries 1301 or 1302.
• This self-generating electrical energy system can for example, be produced by a photovoltaic cell or a battery of photovoltaic cells represented by the reference 25 both in FIG. 2a and in FIG. 5.
• the inverter 1303 On switching of the inverter 1303, the latter then being produced in the form of a double inverter, on the one hand one of the batteries 1302 is connected to the regulator 1304 while the other storage battery 1301 is direct ment connected to the photovoltaic cell 25, which then makes it possible to ensure the recharging of the storage battery 1301, and, conversely, on the other hand, during the switching of the inverter 1303.
• a detector can be associated as previously described in the description, this detector allowing surveillance.
• the operation of the system which is the subject of the present invention should be carried out away from strong light in the case of discharge lamps.
• the triggering of the scda trigger control signal can be generated on the start of fluorescent lighting or of a camera flash for example, which makes it possible to '' provide additional protection.
• the system for monitoring a movable or mobile object that is the subject of the invention is in no way limited, in its applications, to monitoring art objects.
• the detector 100 used it can be used as a voluetric detector, as a reference position detector relative to a fixed plane or according to a combination of the aforementioned functions.
• the system object of the present invention when the detector 100 operates as a volumetric detector, can then be used in a particularly advantageous manner for monitoring motor vehicles parked in a parking area.
• the detector 100 can advantageously, as shown in FIG. 6, be placed on a U-shaped support on a branch thereof, the other branch comprising the third transducer 2, mechanically separated from the housing 100 but connected to the first, second and transducer 110, 111; 120, 121 by electrical connections 2001, embedded in the body of the branch of the U-shaped support.
• the concave part of the U-shaped support can, as shown in FIG. 6 and described in US Pat. No. 4,155,067, be plugged into the window of door of a vehicle placed under surveillance, the detector 100 proper being inside the vehicle and the third transducer 2, or a transmission relay thereof, being outside the vehicle.
• the alarm transmission relay 3 can then be placed on a beacon placed outside.
• the connection between third transducer 2 and relay 3 is then preferably carried out by a microwave electromagnetic wave for example, in order to ensure good transmission of the MA call and MR response messages, whatever the state of the outdoor atmosphere.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
• Alarm Systems (AREA)

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• 1992
  • 1992-04-17 FR FR929204746A patent/FR2690265B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1993
  • 1993-04-14 WO PCT/FR1993/000372 patent/WO1993021614A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1993-04-14 SK SK1440-93A patent/SK144093A3/sk unknown
  • 1993-04-14 CZ CZ932727A patent/CZ272793A3/cs unknown
  • 1993-04-14 US US08/162,194 patent/US5475367A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1993-04-14 EP EP93909022A patent/EP0591498A1/de not_active Ceased

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