EP0671983A1 - Verfahren und linearumformmaschine zum richten von stabförmigem richtgut. - Google Patents
Verfahren und linearumformmaschine zum richten von stabförmigem richtgut.Info
- Publication number
- EP0671983A1 EP0671983A1 EP94900741A EP94900741A EP0671983A1 EP 0671983 A1 EP0671983 A1 EP 0671983A1 EP 94900741 A EP94900741 A EP 94900741A EP 94900741 A EP94900741 A EP 94900741A EP 0671983 A1 EP0671983 A1 EP 0671983A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- straightening
- straightened
- tools
- tool
- linear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D1/00—Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom; Stretching sheet metal combined with rolling
- B21D1/05—Stretching combined with rolling
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a linear forging machine for straightening rolled, forged and / or extruded rod-shaped straightening material, in particular rails or similar profiles.
- Rolled, forged or extruded products are - due to the manufacturing process - generally not exactly straight and must therefore be straightened.
- the material to be straightened is completely or partially plastically deformed, using well-known and proven straightening methods such as stretch straightening, bending straightening or twisting.
- Bending straightening can be used to straighten almost any cross-sectional shape (flat, round, polygonal, even irregularly profiled). Through multiple partial plasticization of the cross-sections of the material to be straightened during bending straightening, complex residual stress states arise, which often question the straightening effect. Another disadvantage is that the straightening ends, the length of which corresponds approximately to one to two times the roller division, remain undirected.
- the twisting is only suitable as a straightening process for straightening goods with a circular or circular cross-section.
- the edge regions are plastically deformed more than the central region.
- the power and labor required for twisting is low and the machine required is less expensive, the method can only be used to a very limited extent. It is unsuitable for straightening goods with a rectangular or non-rotationally symmetrical cross-section, such as rails or the like.
- a disadvantage of this method is that it can only be carried out discontinuously, except for thin strip-shaped material to be straightened, the clamping ends remaining undirected and, moreover, possibly being damaged by the tensioning mechanisms until they cannot be used.
- the leveling forces are large and grow with the level of the leveling material.
- the straightening machine length must be greater than the straightening length.
- the object of the present invention is to use the advantages of the known methods and to avoid their disadvantages by means of a novel straightening method.
- the individual straightening sections should be completely plastically deformed so that only residual stresses remain in the respective straightening section due to the yield stress differences.
- the straightening goods should be straightened over their entire length.
- the machine for carrying out the novel method should be simple and as small as possible in size.
- a method according to the invention is proposed according to which the straightened material is plastically deformed by compressive stresses acting in the longitudinal direction of the straightened material and at the same time is guided at least in the plastically flowing region of the straightened material during the deformation.
- compressive stresses are built up in the longitudinal direction of the straightening material, which allow the straightening material cross sections to flow completely plastically.
- the compressive stresses are brought about by opposing compressive forces acting on the ends of the material to be straightened, for example by means of tappets acting on the ends of the material to be straightened.
- this will make the machine longer than the straightening material length, so that according to a further proposal of the invention it is provided to build up the compressive stresses in the longitudinal direction of the straightening material by opposing frictional shear stresses introduced on the surface of the straightening material. This considerably reduces the length of the required machines.
- a linear forming machine for straightening rolled, forged and / or extruded straightening material, in particular rails or similar profiles by plastic deformation in the longitudinal direction of the straightening material is characterized in accordance with the invention in that several similar tools are arranged one after the other on a partial length on both sides of the straightening material and at a distance that is variable in the longitudinal direction of the straightening material Surface areas of the straightened material can be non-positively applied.
- a correspondingly large change in the distance between the tools that are non-positively applied to the material to be straightened causes its plastic deformation between these tools.
- This embodiment permits continuous linear stretching or upsetting with small degrees of plastic deformation and is therefore particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- the speed of the tools which can be applied to one another can preferably be successively changed relative to the speed of the drive systems common to them.
- a feature of variant A of the invention provides that the tools are arranged on both sides of the leveling material in a common continuous drive system plane parallel to the leveling material longitudinal axis and correspond at least in the area to be leveled with the leveling material length on their sides facing away from the leveling material with guideways, as well as with Means are provided by means of which the distances between adjacent tools can be changed at least in the effective area of the tools during the rotation of the drive systems.
- the "non-positive compression straightening" required normal forces of the tools in the straightening zone are brought about by the guideways which press the tools against the straightening goods.
- each endlessly rotating propulsion system can have a chain rotating at an approximately uniform speed, on the brackets of which the tools for changing the distance in the longitudinal direction of the material to be tilted are fastened.
- Ropes, link belts or similar traction systems are also conceivable.
- electromechanically or hydraulically controlled drives which are each provided between two adjacent tools, can also be considered as means for changing the distance between adjacent tools.
- a particularly advantageous feature of variant A of the invention provides that, in order to change the distance between adjacent tools, each tool is provided with a plurality of support and guide rollers which can be moved on the guideways and which roll on guideway halves which run differently in the direction of travel, imparting a different speed to the tool from the adjacent tool.
- the necessary tool pressing force can be transferred from the leveling material to the supporting guideways on the one hand and, on the other hand, a tool movement in the longitudinal direction of the leveling material relative to the drive system can be caused in the longitudinal direction of the leveling material.
- each tool consists of a freely adjustable friction shoe, which is articulated transversely to the direction of flow on a tool holder and the support and guide rollers assigned to the guideways, then the tools or their friction shoes can be adjusted with the aid of the different and appropriately trained guideways running rollers are tilted so that they move away from or approach relative to adjacent tools. With the normal force applied at the same time, the area of the material to be straightened between two tools is stretched or compressed.
- the contact surfaces of the friction shoes are advantageously provided with a friction lining with a high coefficient of friction in order to be able to keep the necessary contact forces low.
- the contact pressure of the tools against the target can be adjustable.
- the variant B of a linear forming machine for carrying out the method according to claims 1 and 2 for straightening rolled, forged and / or extruded elongated straightening material, in particular rails or similar profiles by plastic deformation in the longitudinal direction of the straightening material is characterized in that two similar tool groups at a defined distance from one another
- the length of the material to be straightened can be applied in a force-fitting manner and can be moved in opposite directions to one another in the applied state. If the gripping tools (friction shoes) are guided on a defined curved path, then the compression is overlaid with a bending component which is dimensioned such that it can compensate for the expected elastic straightening back bending.
- the tool groups consist of clamping elements encompassing the straightening material on several sides and that the contact pressure of the tools or clamping elements against the straightening material is adjustable.
- the tools and their drive required for upsetting can be moved together with the straightening goods in a common machine frame, so that during its continuous passage the gripping tool groups grasp and squeeze the straightening goods frictionally and detach them from the straightening goods run back so that "quasi continuously" can be straightened.
- Hydraulic cylinders and pistons come as upsetting drives. Eccentric or spindle drives into consideration. The periodic forward and backward movement can be carried out hydraulically in a proven manner, by means of crank drives or other electromechanical gears.
- the path curvature required to compensate for the elastic bending back of straightened material with a flow stress of different sizes over the cross-section is adjustable according to another feature of the invention and designed according to the respective requirements.
- FIGS. 1 to 10 Exemplary embodiments of the invention variants A and B are shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 and are described in detail below. Show it:
- Fig. 1 is a rough schematic side view of a linear forming machine according to the embodiment variant A according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the linear forming machine according to FIG. 1.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a linear forming machine according to the embodiment variant B and
- FIG. 5 shows the working steps of the forming machine according to FIG. 4 in up to six successive phases.
- 1 and 2 denote two rotating drive systems of a linear forming machine according to variant A of the invention, which consist of chains rotating endlessly around the driven chain wheels 3 and 4.
- Tool carriers 11 are articulated evenly distributed on each drive system on articulated bolts 5, which are supported on guide tracks 8, 9 via 5 support and guide rollers 6, 7 and are equipped with friction shoes 10 at their ends facing the target material R, which can be tilted on the tool carrier 11 12 are articulated.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the linear forming machine according to FIG. 1, two supporting and guide rollers 7 and two supporting and guide rollers 6 in guide track halves 8 and 9 being recognizably assigned.
- the tool carrier 11 is connected to the brackets of the drive system 1 or 2 via articulated bolts 5; Articulated bolts 12 are provided between the friction shoe 10 and the tool carrier 11 for the articulated mounting of the friction shoes 10.
- the guideways or their halves 8, 9 are fastened to a stable welded structure, which is able to absorb the bending forces resulting from the pressure forces of the friction shoes, the necessary hydraulically constructed preload forces are transmitted between the machine frame halves via several symmetrically arranged tie rods.
- the guideway halves 8 and 9 run at different altitudes (FIG. 1) with different inclinations and cause the tool carriers 11 which are attached to the drive systems 1 and 2 to pivot about the joint protrusion 5 in accordance with the course of the guideways 8, 9 (FIG. 3).
- the friction shoe 10 moves to the right in the plane of the drawing and thus introduces a force into the surface of the target material R via the frictional engagement with the target product R.
- the movement of the friction shoe 10 relative to the adjacent friction shoe can be set differently, so that compressive or tensile forces are introduced between the friction shoes, which stretch or compress the straightening material R.
- the drive systems 1, 2 run at an approximately uniform speed and also move the tools approximately uniformly via the hinge pins 5. During the orbital movement of the tools, these are supported on the guideway halves 8, 9 by means of the support and guide rollers 6, 7, so that the clamping forces necessary for the frictional construction of the tensile or compressive forces can be generated.
- the guide track halves 8, 9 which are inclined in a characteristic manner with respect to one another have the effect that the tilting elements are inevitably tilted during the rotation of the drive systems, as a result of which the linear speed of the tools is changed in relation to the uniform speed of the drive systems in such a way that a relative movement arises between the adjacent tools, through which the clamped material is deformed by defined amounts.
- the two drive systems are provided with mutually opposite, identical guideways, between which the straightening material R is clamped via the tools and their mechanism.
- the longitudinal forming forces of the material to be straightened are absorbed in the drive systems, the expansion of which is taken into account when designing the guideways.
- the tool speed which differs from the drive system speed and the clamping forces between the guideways, builds up a non-positively transmitted tension on the leveling material R, which is present with a positive difference between the tool and drive system speeds as pressure and with a negative difference as a train.
- This tension causes a plastic deformation of the material to be formed in the middle of the machine Size is given by the speed difference of the friction shoes between the inlet and outlet area. In the outlet area of the machine, the tension is reduced in the inlet area in the same way as the build-up of tension.
- the position of the articulation points 12 of the friction shoes 10 is to be calculated in such a way that the load on the tool in the contact surface length of the friction shoes 10 on the leveling material R is uniform.
- the joint 10 ensures that the friction shoes 10 do not lift off the friction material R when the tool carrier 11 is tilted.
- the guide rollers 6, 7 can be replaced by other suitable machine elements, for example sliding shoes.
- FIGS. 4 to 10 show another linear shaping machine according to the invention of variant B, with which the method according to claim 2 can be carried out.
- 13 and 14 denote the two tool groups of the linear forming machine, which sit on the machine frames 15 and 16 which are movable in the longitudinal direction of the material to be aligned.
- the machine frames 15, 16 are positively connected to one another via the tie rods 17 and the hydraulic cylinders 18 and can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the material by the hydraulic cylinders 19.
- the fixing blocks 20 for supporting the leveling material are movable on the tie rods 17 through which they are guided.
- the sliding surface 21 and the eccentric 22 allow the tool group 14 to be inclined relative to the machine frame 16.
- the 5diving leveler works as follows:
- Clamping elements of the tool groups 13 and 14 grip the uniformly longitudinally directed product R and thereby build up clamping forces which are sufficient for frictionally transmitting the longitudinal compressive stress necessary for plastic upsetting. They are moved in synchronism with the target in the longitudinal direction.
- the length of the leveling material to be straightened is curved between the tool groups 13 and 14 by the fixing blocks 20 in accordance with the expected elastic bending back of leveling material R with a flow resistance of different size over the cross section.
- the fixing blocks 20 also prevent the straightening goods R from buckling.
- the position of the tool group 14 is adjusted according to the desired straightening goods curvature with the eccentric 22 on the sliding surface 21.
- the forces required for plastic upsetting are applied by the hydraulic cylinders 18 and transmitted between the tool groups 13 and 14 via the tie rods 17 and the machine frames 15 and 16.
- the adhesive elements of the tool groups 13 and 14 are loosened, the fixing blocks 20 opened, the hydraulic cylinders 18 brought into their starting days and the machine guided by the hydraulic cylinders 19 in reverse against the movement of the material to be directed, until an area which has not yet been reached is reached and by can be recreated.
- the forward and return paths of each compression straightening period are coordinated so that a small part of the area directed in the previous step is included. Due to the increase in cross-section during compression straightening and the resulting solidification, this area will be deformed less plastically in the subsequent step than the area that has not yet been straightened. In contrast to stretch straightening, this effect has a stabilizing effect on the compression straightening process.
- Thrust cylinder at leveling speed The Velocity vectors show the conditions in the left end position.
- Fig. 6 machines and rail speed are the same size.
- the clamping elements grip the target. Start of plastic compression between the force application blocks. Maximum stroke of the upsetting cylinder 100 mm,
- Clamping elements and the guide elements open and braking of the machine begins.
- the speed of the left tool group and the leveling material after the leveler is reduced by the upsetting speed
- Fig. 9 The machine moves in the opposite direction at a higher speed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4241644 | 1992-12-02 | ||
| DE4241644 | 1992-12-02 | ||
| PCT/DE1993/001142 WO1994012293A1 (de) | 1992-12-02 | 1993-11-26 | Verfahren und linearumformmaschine zum richten von stabförmigem richtgut |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0671983A1 true EP0671983A1 (de) | 1995-09-20 |
| EP0671983B1 EP0671983B1 (de) | 1997-03-26 |
Family
ID=6474912
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP94900741A Expired - Lifetime EP0671983B1 (de) | 1992-12-02 | 1993-11-26 | Verfahren und linearumformmaschine zum richten von stabförmigem richtgut |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0671983B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE150676T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU5559894A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE59305988D1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1994012293A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0976469A3 (de) * | 1998-07-27 | 2002-12-18 | Institut für Verformungskunde und Hüttenmaschinen | Verfahren zum Linearrichten |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012001989B4 (de) * | 2012-02-02 | 2018-10-18 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Verfahren zur mechanischen Randzonenverfestigung von Bauteilen |
| CN110252858B (zh) * | 2019-05-24 | 2024-05-24 | 常州市盛士达汽车空调有限公司 | 一种焊环自动整形机构 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1527434A1 (de) * | 1963-03-19 | 1969-12-18 | Truninger Ag | Streckmaschine zum Streckrichten von Streckgut,insbesondere Hohlprofilen aus Stahl |
| SU1148663A1 (ru) * | 1982-09-10 | 1985-04-07 | Научно-исследовательский и опытно-конструкторский институт автоматизации черной металлургии | Способ правки длинномерного проката |
| FR2584319B1 (fr) * | 1985-07-02 | 1989-09-15 | Forges & Acieries Bonpertuis | Machine a dresser par traction continue |
| US4751838A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1988-06-21 | Red Bud Industries, Inc. | Machine and process for leveling sheet metal strip |
-
1993
- 1993-11-26 WO PCT/DE1993/001142 patent/WO1994012293A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-26 AT AT94900741T patent/ATE150676T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-26 DE DE59305988T patent/DE59305988D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-26 EP EP94900741A patent/EP0671983B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-26 AU AU55598/94A patent/AU5559894A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9412293A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0976469A3 (de) * | 1998-07-27 | 2002-12-18 | Institut für Verformungskunde und Hüttenmaschinen | Verfahren zum Linearrichten |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59305988D1 (de) | 1997-04-30 |
| WO1994012293A1 (de) | 1994-06-09 |
| EP0671983B1 (de) | 1997-03-26 |
| AU5559894A (en) | 1994-06-22 |
| ATE150676T1 (de) | 1997-04-15 |
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