EP0677982B1 - Procédé pour commander un ballast de lampes à décharge - Google Patents

Procédé pour commander un ballast de lampes à décharge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0677982B1
EP0677982B1 EP95104776A EP95104776A EP0677982B1 EP 0677982 B1 EP0677982 B1 EP 0677982B1 EP 95104776 A EP95104776 A EP 95104776A EP 95104776 A EP95104776 A EP 95104776A EP 0677982 B1 EP0677982 B1 EP 0677982B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frequency
voltage
inverter
lamp
inverter frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95104776A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0677982A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Ribarich
Felix Tobler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Knobel AG Lichttechnische Komponenten
Original Assignee
Knobel AG Lichttechnische Komponenten
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Knobel AG Lichttechnische Komponenten filed Critical Knobel AG Lichttechnische Komponenten
Priority to EP95104776A priority Critical patent/EP0677982B1/fr
Priority to US08/420,880 priority patent/US5563477A/en
Publication of EP0677982A1 publication Critical patent/EP0677982A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0677982B1 publication Critical patent/EP0677982B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
    • H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
    • H05B41/298—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2981—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2983—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal power supply conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/39—Controlling the intensity of light continuously
    • H05B41/392—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor
    • H05B41/3921—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations
    • H05B41/3925—Controlling the intensity of light continuously using semiconductor devices, e.g. thyristor with possibility of light intensity variations by frequency variation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/05—Starting and operating circuit for fluorescent lamp
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/07—Starting and control circuits for gas discharge lamp using transistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the operation of a ballast for discharge lamps.
  • ballasts there is a mains voltage rectified to an intermediate circuit voltage.
  • the DC link voltage is fed to an inverter the one or more discharge lamps in one resonant lamp circuit close to its resonant frequency operates.
  • EP-A-239 420 and EP-A-338 109 ballasts are known, in which the Inverter frequency due to the lamp current or Lamp power is regulated, which is a certain regulation the light output allows.
  • Corresponding control circuits are, however, relatively complex.
  • Control is that from an AC voltage rectified DC link voltage always with a certain ripple is superimposed. Because the inverter frequency depending on the DC link voltage this leads to permanent modulation of the inverter frequency. This will make the electromagnetic Ballast interference spectrum broadened and flattened, resulting in a reduction in the maximum over time leads to narrowband interference levels. This reduces the effort for the interference filter.
  • To generate a Frequency modulation as high as possible for the intermediate circuit voltage should be the amplitude of the residual waviness at least 10%, preferably 10% - 20%, of the intermediate circuit voltage be.
  • the inverter frequency with decreasing Decrease the DC link voltage linearly, with what the lamp current or the lamp power essentially can be kept constant.
  • the DC link voltage the minimum inverter frequency not further diminished but again elevated. This can result in a very low DC link voltage the lamp current is reduced, the intermediate circuit or relieves the voltage source and flickering of the lamps be suppressed. In addition, this will also Switching load on the inverter is reduced as this if the DC link voltages and inverter frequencies are too low due to the nonlinear properties of the Lamp circle increases sharply.
  • the minimum inverter frequency should be as far as possible not to fall below during start-up, so that impermissibly high currents are safely avoided.
  • ballast The basic structure of a ballast according to the invention results from the simplified block diagram according to FIG. 1.
  • This ballast is designed for operation on an AC network. Its AC voltage U AC is rectified in a rectifier circuit 1.
  • This rectifier circuit corresponds essentially to that of a conventional ballast and includes z. B. a four-way rectifier, line filter and possibly a current limit.
  • the DC link voltage U ZK rectified in this way is applied via a smoothing capacitor C1 of z. B. 10,000 nF smoothed.
  • the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK is converted by an inverter 2 into a high-frequency AC voltage and fed to a lamp circuit.
  • This is a resonant circuit C2, L, La, C3 and R with a fluorescent lamp La.
  • resonant lamp circuits are also known to the person skilled in the art which are also suitable for use with the present invention.
  • the inverter frequency f W is determined by a voltage-controlled oscillator 3 (VCO). This oscillator is controlled by a control circuit 4.
  • this control circuit 4 comprises modules for controlling the inverter frequency in the preheating and ignition phase of the lamp.
  • this control circuit 4 also has a circuit that controls the inverter frequency f W when the lamp is operating as a function of the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK . The function of this circuit will now be described below.
  • the inverter frequency f W is determined according to the diagram in FIG. 2.
  • the normal average operating voltage in the intermediate circuit is marked with U ZK, n and the corresponding inverter frequency at this voltage with f W, n .
  • the circuit is designed so that f W, n is close to the resonant frequency of the lamp circuit.
  • the inverter frequency f W is now controlled in such a way that it decreases as the intermediate circuit voltage decreases. Since the lamp circuit now represents an essentially inductive load when the lamp is ignited, a decrease in f W causes a relative increase in the lamp current with a constant U ZK . As the U ZK decreases, the lamp power can thus be kept constant.
  • a linear dependency between U ZK and f W is selected in the normal voltage range A, the slope, ie the derivative dU ZK / df W, being selected such that the lamp current or the lamp voltage is at least in a linear approximation independent of the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK is.
  • the inverter frequency f W is automatically frequency modulated.
  • the time-averaged interference spectrum of the ballast is widened and flattened, so that the undesired interference peaks are reduced.
  • the amplitude U RW of the residual ripple should be about 10-20% of the amplitude of the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK .
  • the phase shift between current and voltage at the output of the inverter changes depending on the DC link voltage. If the DC link voltage is low and the inverter frequency is low, it is such that there is a heavy load on the inverter, which is avoided by increasing the inverter frequency. On the other hand, the increase in the inverter frequency and the associated reduction in lamp current also reduce the load on the intermediate circuit. This reduces the ripple of U ZK and increases the minimum voltage available for the lamp. This prevents flickering of the lamps down to very low DC link voltages.
  • the slope, ie the derivative dU ZK / df W is negative. It is preferably chosen to be about twice as large as that in the normal voltage range.
  • u therefore applies (you ZK / df W )
  • u -k ⁇ (dU ZK / df W )
  • n , where k 2 - 2.5.
  • FIG. 3 shows part of the control circuit 4 in detail. In this part of the circuit the control voltage generated after igniting the lamp the VCO 3 is supplied.
  • a first amplifier stage 5 a reference voltage U R and one of the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK proportional voltage U ZK supplied '.
  • This amplifier stage generates a current I1, which is 0 for U ZK '> U R and proportional to U ZK ' -U R for U ZK ' ⁇ U R.
  • the voltage U ZK 'and a second reference voltage U 0 are also fed to a second and a third stage 6 and 7, respectively. These two stages generate the currents I2 and I3, where I2 + I3 is proportional to U ZK '- U 0 . I2 is always negative or 0 and, I3 is always positive or 0.
  • the currents I1 to I3 are converted into a voltage via the resistor R S and fed to the VCO via a buffer stage 8.
  • the transition U G to undervoltage range B can be set via U R.
  • a voltage is added to the voltage generated with stages 6 and 7, which voltage is generated by stage 5 and which increases with decreasing intermediate circuit voltage. In this way, a control voltage or frequency curve can be generated in a simple manner, as is shown in FIG. 2.
  • Figure 3 shows only one possible execution of a circuit for generating a Frequency curve according to Figure 2.
  • Other designs are known to the expert.
  • FIG. 4 now schematically illustrates the time course of the inverter frequency f W when the ballast is started.
  • start frequency the highest inverter frequency (start frequency) f W0 is used immediately after switching on the ballast. This frequency is in the range of 80-100 kHz, preferably 80 kHz. This high frequency ensures that the lamp voltage does not become too high when switched on, so that undesired current surges in the cold lamp are avoided.
  • the start phase 10 takes about 50 microseconds.
  • the preheating phase 11 now begins.
  • the inverter frequency is regulated to a value f W1 of approximately 50 kHz in such a way that a desired preheating current I VH is maintained in the lamp circuit.
  • This preheating phase typically lasts 1.2 seconds.
  • the ignition phase 12 then begins.
  • the inverter frequency is lowered and regulated in such a way that a desired ignition current I Z is maintained in the lamp circuit.
  • This ignition current I Z is approximately three times the preheating current I VH , which leads to a further reduction in the inverter frequency f W to a range f W2 of typically approximately 45 kHz.
  • the resulting increase in lamp voltage will ignite a normal lamp within a very short time.
  • the inverter frequency f W, n is now approximately 35 kHz and is controlled on the basis of the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK , as illustrated in FIG. 2. (The frequency modulation of f W generated in normal operation 13 is not shown in FIG. 4.)
  • Figure 4 illustrates a case in which the lamp does not ignite immediately. Then the ignition phase 12 extended accordingly. If, however, after 0.8 seconds No ignition of the lamp is detected, the ignition process canceled.
  • This minimum frequency f W, min depends on the DC link voltage. It is generated by the circuit according to FIG. 3 and thus corresponds to the curve of f W, n in normal operation according to FIG. 2. This is illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 5 shows the course of the inverter frequency f W and the intermediate circuit voltage U ZK during the starting process - the intermediate circuit voltage does not remain constant in this process, since the current drawn from the intermediate circuit changes greatly.
  • the starting process begins at point 15 with the high starting frequency f W0 and high DC link voltage .
  • the frequency is reduced during the starting phase 10, the current drawn from the intermediate circuit increases and the intermediate circuit voltage decreases.
  • the preheating frequency f W1 is reached at point 11.

Landscapes

  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour commander un ballast de lampes à décharge, avec un inverseur (2) inversant avec une fréquence d'inversion (fW) une tension intermédiaire redressée (UZK) à partir d'une tension alternée, pour alimenter au moins une lampe (La), caractérisé en ce que lors du fonctionnement normal de la lampe (La) allumée la fréquence d'inversion est déterminée en fonction de la valeur de la tension intermédiaire redressée (UZK).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'à l'intérieur d'une plage normale de la tension intermédiaire (UZK) la fréquence d'inversion (fW) diminue linéairement lors d'une diminution de la tension intermédiaire (UZK).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'en-dessous de la plage normale de la tension intermédiaire (UZK) lui succède une plage de basse tension à l'intérieur de laquelle la fréquence d'inversion (fW) augmente, de préférence linéairement, lors d'une diminution de la tension intermédiaire (UZK).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la dérivée de la fréquence d'inversion (fW) par rapport à la tension redressée intermédiaire (UZK) satisfait essentiellement l'équation (dfW/dUZK)|u = - k· (dfW/dZK)|n ou (dfW/dUZK)|u est la valeur de la dérivée dans la plage de tension normale, (dfW/dUZK)|n la valeur de cette dérivée dans la plage de basse tension et k une constante entre 2 et 2.5.
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pendant une phase de démarrage du ballast on empêche la fréquence d'inversion de tomber au-dessous d'une fréquence minimale (fW,min), cette fréquence minimale étant une fonction de la tension intermédiaire redressée (UZK).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5 et une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la fréquence minimale dans la plage de basse tension augmente lorsque la tension intermédiaire redressée (UZK) diminue.
  7. Procédé selon une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que la valeur minimum (fW,min) de la fréquence d'inversion en fonction de la tension intermédiaire redressée pendant la phase de démarrage correspond essentiellement à la valeur da la fréquence d'inversion en fonction de la tension intermédiaire redressée pendant le fonctionnement normal de la lampe allumée.
  8. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que durant une phase de démarrage de la lampe
    en un premier stade lors de l'allumage du ballast la fréquence d'inversion est amenée en une première plage de fréquence (fW0),
    en un second stade destiné au préchauffage de la lampe la fréquence d'inversion est amenée en une seconde plage de fréquence (fW1),
    en un troisième stade destiné à l'allumage de la lampe la fréquence d'inversion est amenée en une troisième plage de fréquence (fW2), et
    qu'après l'allumage de la lampe ladite fréquence est amenée en une plage normale (fW,n),
    la première plage de fréquence (fW0) étant plus haute que les seconde et troisième plages (fW1, respectivement fW2), et plus haute que la plage normale (fW,n).
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au second stade on règle la fréquence d'inversion de façon à maintenir un courant de chauffage déterminé dans le circuit de la lampe.
  10. Procédé selon une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au troisième stade on règle la fréquence d'inversion de façon à maintenir un courant d'allumage déterminé dans le circuit de la lampe.
  11. Procédé selon les revendications 9 et 10, caractérisé en ce que le courant d'allumage est plus grand que le courant de chauffage.
  12. Procédé selon une des revendications 5 à 7 et une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que pendant la phase de démarrage on empêche la fréquence d'inversion de tomber sous une valeur minimale (fW,min).
  13. Procédé selon une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la fréquence d'inversion diminue de façon continue pendant le premier stade.
  14. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on module la fréquence d'inversion (fW) avec la fréquence de l'ondulation résiduelle de la tension intermédiaire redressée (UZK).
  15. Procédé selon une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tension intermédiaire redressée (UZK) présente une ondulation résiduelle dont l'amplitude (URW) est d'au moins 10% de celle de la tension intermédiaire redressée.
EP95104776A 1994-04-15 1995-03-31 Procédé pour commander un ballast de lampes à décharge Expired - Lifetime EP0677982B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95104776A EP0677982B1 (fr) 1994-04-15 1995-03-31 Procédé pour commander un ballast de lampes à décharge
US08/420,880 US5563477A (en) 1994-04-15 1995-04-13 Method for operating a ballast for discharge lamps

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94105852 1994-04-15
EP94105852 1994-04-15
EP95104776A EP0677982B1 (fr) 1994-04-15 1995-03-31 Procédé pour commander un ballast de lampes à décharge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0677982A1 EP0677982A1 (fr) 1995-10-18
EP0677982B1 true EP0677982B1 (fr) 2000-02-09

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EP95104776A Expired - Lifetime EP0677982B1 (fr) 1994-04-15 1995-03-31 Procédé pour commander un ballast de lampes à décharge

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US (1) US5563477A (fr)
EP (1) EP0677982B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1791399B2 (fr) † 2005-11-22 2017-05-31 OSRAM GmbH Arrangement d'entraînement pour cellules de diodes électroluminescentes

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US5539281A (en) * 1994-06-28 1996-07-23 Energy Savings, Inc. Externally dimmable electronic ballast
EP0876742B1 (fr) * 1996-01-26 2002-04-24 Tridonic Bauelemente GmbH Procede et circuit de commande electronique pour la regulation des caracteristiques de fonctionnement de lampes a decharge
US6111368A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-08-29 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. System for preventing oscillations in a fluorescent lamp ballast
FR2774546B1 (fr) * 1998-01-30 2000-04-21 Eclairage Public Beep Bureau E Dispositif d'alimentation haute frequence pour lampes d'eclairage
EP0984670B1 (fr) 1998-06-13 2009-12-09 Greenwood Soar IP Limited Ballast pour lampe à forte décharge
US6495971B1 (en) 1998-06-13 2002-12-17 Hatch Transformers, Inc. High intensity discharge lamp ballast
US6445141B1 (en) * 1998-07-01 2002-09-03 Everbrite, Inc. Power supply for gas discharge lamp
US6316887B1 (en) * 1999-10-01 2001-11-13 International Rectifier Corporation Multiple ignition high intensity discharge ballast control circuit
US6274988B1 (en) * 2000-01-27 2001-08-14 R-Can Environmental Inc. Open loop current control ballast low pressure mercury germicidal UV lamps
DE10163034B4 (de) 2001-12-20 2014-08-28 Tridonic Gmbh & Co Kg Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät mit Überspannungsüberwachung
DE10240807A1 (de) * 2002-08-30 2004-03-11 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Verfahren zum Betreiben von Leuchtstofflampen und Vorschaltgerät
DE10303276A1 (de) * 2003-01-28 2004-07-29 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Schaltungsanordnung und Verfahren zum Start und Betrieb von Entladungslampen
US7436123B2 (en) * 2004-12-03 2008-10-14 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Discharge lamp ballast device and lighting appliance
US7589480B2 (en) * 2006-05-26 2009-09-15 Greenwood Soar Ip Ltd. High intensity discharge lamp ballast
WO2008155714A1 (fr) * 2007-06-20 2008-12-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Commande de lampe, système d'éclairage et procédé
DE102011103638A1 (de) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Tridonic Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts für ein Leuchtmittel und elektronisches Vorschaltgerät

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EP0359860A1 (fr) * 1988-09-23 1990-03-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé de mise en oeuvre d'au moins une lampe à décharge
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1791399B2 (fr) † 2005-11-22 2017-05-31 OSRAM GmbH Arrangement d'entraînement pour cellules de diodes électroluminescentes

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Publication number Publication date
EP0677982A1 (fr) 1995-10-18
US5563477A (en) 1996-10-08

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