EP0687483B1 - Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement d'effluents solides ou liquides charges en metaux lourds - Google Patents
Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement d'effluents solides ou liquides charges en metaux lourds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0687483B1 EP0687483B1 EP19950401367 EP95401367A EP0687483B1 EP 0687483 B1 EP0687483 B1 EP 0687483B1 EP 19950401367 EP19950401367 EP 19950401367 EP 95401367 A EP95401367 A EP 95401367A EP 0687483 B1 EP0687483 B1 EP 0687483B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- treatment
- process according
- conditioning process
- solid
- solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 26
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 2-ethylhexyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010413 mother solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KUYLHALFMPOMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxy-sulfanylidene-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(O)(=S)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C KUYLHALFMPOMKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclooctane Chemical group CC1CC(C)CC(C)CC(C)C1 BZJTUOGZUKFLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CP(O)(=O)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C QUXFOKCUIZCKGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVRJUOAQXLUUGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-hydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=S)OCC(CC)CCCC TVRJUOAQXLUUGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- JJJOZVFVARQUJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CP(O)(O)=O JJJOZVFVARQUJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004296 sodium metabisulphite Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000206607 Porphyra umbilicalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003889 chemical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010804 inert waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012633 leachable Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical group O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/37—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/24—Organic substances containing heavy metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/43—Inorganic substances containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
- A62D2203/02—Combined processes involving two or more distinct steps covered by groups A62D3/10 - A62D3/40
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method treatment and conditioning of solid effluents or liquids loaded with heavy metals. His goal is to treat effluents from, for example, processes surface treatment chemicals, processes waste incineration or any other process leading to the formation of highly charged effluents heavy metals and therefore extremely toxic. This process allows, more particularly, recovery selective for these heavy metals over chlorine or to alkali or alkaline earth metals.
- the solid waste produced by these different chemical processes are particularly toxic to the environment because they have a fairly large soluble fraction which prohibits their landfill storage.
- the volumes of liquid effluents formed are generally very important.
- a medium-sized company working in this type industry can generate up to a tonne per year of sludges concentrated in metals. This represents a extremely significant pollution over the entire National territory.
- Purification technique of this type effluent generally consists of carrying out a conventional treatment of neutralization and precipitation, so as to form sludges susceptible to be stored in class "I" landfills (i.e. a waterproof site intended to receive special industrial waste).
- the polluting fraction is essentially made up of heavy metals, the most common of which are zinc, lead, cadmium and chromium.
- composition of these "REFIOM” is very variable and depends on the techniques used work for the purification of fumes from processes incineration (dry, semi-wet techniques or wet).
- REFIOM in the processes dry or semi-wet incineration REFIOM can be washed with water which allows to train the soluble fraction containing the majority of metals heavy.
- the leachate is treated with soda which allows on the one hand the precipitation of these metals under form of hydroxide and their recycling with the part insoluble from the preliminary washing operation, the whole being able to be vitrified, and on the other hand the production of a sodium effluent containing anions and non-toxic cations to be treated later.
- Wet processes can operate from similarly, except washing, since the effluent recovered is already in the form of a suspension which undergoes the same precipitation treatment as previously described.
- the solid residue obtained may also be vitrified.
- vitrification requires compliance with a number of criteria.
- the vitrified elements must be digestible in the glass, so as to avoid the formation of heterogeneous phases or precipitates in large quantities.
- the anions (Cl, F, PO 4 , SO 4 ) are the most troublesome elements due to their low solubility in glass which causes phase separations.
- the glasses then obtained are non-homogeneous and of poor quality, because the molten salt phase which is not vitrified contains a non-negligible proportion of toxic cations.
- the molten salt phases being lighter than the glass itself, the fairly high volatility of these salts is further increased by their contact with the gaseous atmosphere.
- waste and glass must be compatible.
- the treated effluents can contain a high proportion, (i.e. more than 50% by weight), of alkali metal salts, (sodium and potassium) or alkaline earth metal salts (magnesium and calcium). These salts have no particular nuisance for the environment and it it is not necessary to make them inert in a specific matrix.
- the object of the invention is to carry out a treatment and conditioning process solid or liquid effluents loaded with metals heavy which allow to selectively separate from effluent, chlorine and alkali metals or alkaline earth in order to make the fraction vitrifiable toxic residual from the metal-containing effluent heavy.
- This process applies to the treatment of various effluents and in particular solid effluents or liquids from chemical treatment processes surface or waste incineration processes.
- the process according to the invention allows recovery selective heavy metals over chlorine and with alkali or alkaline earth metals and this under a solid form suitable for vitrification. Also inert salts are recovered with respect to environment and which can be used in road engineering for example.
- the solvent containing an extractant and a hydrocarbon should be chosen appropriately.
- the hydrocarbon used is generally the hydrogenated tetrapropylene (TPH).
- TPH hydrogenated tetrapropylene
- an agent preventing the separation of extractant and diluent for example a heavy alcohol in C10 to C14, may be necessary.
- the dilution factor should not not be too important in order to be able to focus strongly metals and not having to increase the size of the extractor.
- the quality of the extraction is highly dependent on the pH of the aqueous phase. Now, during metal extraction which takes place by exchange of cations, the acidity of the aqueous phase increases. We will therefore take care to maintain the most constant possible through injections of an agent neutralizing at predetermined positions in the extraction device.
- the pH of the aqueous phase is preferably kept at a value between 4.5 and 6.5, or better between 5.0 and 6.0 depending on the extractant used.
- the agent neutralizer used to adjust the pH is a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.
- the second stage of extraction can be performed at room temperature (20 to 25 ° C about), it is best to do it hot, that is to say between 40 and 60 ° C, preferably 50 ° C, if you wish to purify the solvent from the whole metals before recycling in the first device extraction.
- This hot treatment also presents the advantage of avoiding precipitation of chloride lead whose solubility is more limited in the second extraction device.
- the precipitation stage allows transform metals into insoluble carbonates, i.e. a chemical form suitable for vitrification.
- Carbonate is advantageously used powdered sodium or in solution at 200 g / l or still powdered calcium carbonate which quantitatively precipitate heavy metals more troublesome, such as cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc.
- the precipitation pH is chosen at a value between 8 and 10, or better 9, to limit redissolution of hydroxides aluminum and chromium in particular.
- This stage of precipitation is generally carried out between 40 and 60 ° C or better about 50 ° C, which increases the speed formation and ripening of the precipitates and allows avoid untimely precipitation of chloride lead.
- the installation necessary for the implementation of the method according to the invention comprises six pieces of equipment chemical engineering, namely two extraction devices, referenced respectively 2 and 4, of the column type pulsed, a precipitation device 6, of the type thickener, a filtration device 8, type continuous vacuum filter with drum or belt or of the discontinuous press filter type and a vitrification 10.
- this device may also include concentration 12.
- a leaching device 14 advantageously constituted of an apparatus of the stirred tank type, mounted in waterfall and whose volume and number is adapted to flow of waste to be treated and by a filtration 16, of the continuous vacuum filter type at drum or band, or of the discontinuous filter type with hurry.
- Solid effluent 18 is introduced with acid concentrated hydrochloric 20 in the device leach 14 where the reaction takes place between 40 and 80 ° C.
- a control of the pH of the solid-liquid suspension 22 leaving the leaching device allows adjustment the hydrochloric acid flow rate 20.
- the pH is maintained between 0.5 and 3.0.
- the solid-liquid suspension 22 is introduced into the filtration device 16.
- the solid cake is washed with water 24 and the filtrate 26 liquid is recovered.
- the washing mother liquors 28 are recycled to the leaching device 14 where they make up the leach solution.
- the flow rate of the washing water 24 is adapted at the solid waste rate, so as to obtain a filtrate 26 containing between 5 and 20% by weight of solids and a washed residual solid 30 containing less 1% chlorides.
- a reducing agent 32 and a filtrate 34 from filtration device 8 as will be described later so as to form a stock solution 36.
- the reducing agent 32 is for example the sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, ferrous sulfate or sulfur dioxide.
- the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted by injections of a neutralizing agent in different points, referenced respectively 40, 42 and 44.
- the relative flow of the two solutions is adjusted such so that the raffinate 46 coming out of the first device contain less than 15.0 mg / l of metals heavy.
- solvent 38 comes from the second device 4.
- the organic solution loaded with metals heavy 48 leaving the first extraction device 2 enters the second extraction device 4 where it is treated against the current and hot by a 50 hydrochloric acid solution.
- the title in acid from this aqueous hydrochloric acid solution is such that the solvent 38 leaving the second device 4 is sufficiently discharged not to generate heavy metal leaks and in particular cadmium higher than 0.2 mg / l in the raffinate 46.
- the loaded aqueous extraction solution 52 heavy metals, from the extraction device 4, is introduced hot into the precipitation apparatus 6 where she is treated with the help of a precipitation 54 which can be advantageously sodium or calcium carbonate.
- a precipitation 54 which can be advantageously sodium or calcium carbonate. This carbonate maintains a sufficiently alkaline pH for which heavy metals are thus precipitated as carbonates, the chloride anions remaining in solution.
- the solid-liquid suspension 56 resulting from the precipitation device 6 is introduced into the filtration apparatus 8 and the filtrate obtained is recycled to 34.
- the solid precipitate 64 is washed with introduction of water in 58, while the mother liquors of outgoing wash 60 are recycled in the appliance 4.
- the flow of washing water used is at least equal to the flow required to dilute hydrochloric acid 62 introduced.
- the mother liquors of wash 60 and hydrochloric acid form the solution aqueous 50 introduced into the second device 4.
- the aqueous solution 50 contains between 0.1 and 6.0 mol / l hydrochloric acid. Relative flow rates of wash water 58 and acid hydrochloric acid are further adjusted so that the solvent 38 contains less than 50 mg / l of heavy metals.
- raffinate 46 can be processed in the concentrator 8 so to recover, on the one hand, recyclable water 68, salts 70 crystallized or in brine form.
- the organic solvent 38 has a title of 0.6 M / l bis- (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) -monothiophosphinic acid in TPH.
- the organic solution loaded with metals heavy 48 is processed in the second device extraction 4, against the flow of an acid solution hydrochloric 3 N whose volume flow is five times lower than the flow of organic phase.
- the first extraction operation 2 is performed at an average temperature of around 22 ° C, while the second extraction operation 4 is carried out at an average temperature of the order of 50 ° C.
- the de-extracted solvent 38 recovered contains less than 15 mg / l of residual heavy metals.
- the organic solvent 38 has a title of 0.6 M / l di- (2-ethylhexyl) -manothiophosphoric acid in the TPH.
- the organic solution loaded with metals heavy 48 is processed in the second device extraction 4, against the flow of an acid solution hydrochloric 3 N whose volume flow is 5 times more lower than the flow of organic phase.
- the first extraction 2 operation is performed at an average temperature of around 22 ° C, while the second extraction operation 4 is performed at an average temperature of 50 ° C.
- the de-extracted solvent 38 recovered contains less than 15 mg / l of residual heavy metals.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Description
- calcium 10 à 30 % ;
- chlore 10 à 25 % ;
- sulfate 15 à 25 % ;
- silicium 3 à 15 % ;
- aluminium 2 à 6 % ;
- potassium 1 à 7 % ;
- sodium 1 à 4 % ; et
- métaux lourds 3 à 4%.
- en mettant dans un dispositif de lixiviation l'effluent solide à traiter en contact avec une solution de lixiviation et un acide minéral dilué avec une solution aqueuse et capable de solubiliser la fraction soluble de l'effluent solide pour former une suspension ;
- en introduisant cette suspension dans un dispositif de filtration, afin de la séparer en un solide résiduel insoluble et en un effluent liquide à introduire dans le premier appareil d'extraction ; et
- en lavant le solide résiduel insoluble par de l'eau.
Claims (18)
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement d'effluents solides ou liquides chargés en métaux lourds, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à :a) réduire chimiquement à l'aide d'un agent réducteur (32), l'effluent liquide (26) ou l'effluent solide (18) traité de façon à se présenter sous forme liquide, pour obtenir une solution mère (36) ;b) mettre, dans un premier appareil d'extraction (2), cette solution mère (36) en contact avec un solvant organique (38) contenant essentiellement un extractant organophosphoré et un hydrocarbure capable d'extraire sélectivement les métaux lourds, des anions et des métaux alcalins et alcalino-terreux ;c) mettre, dans un deuxième appareil d'extraction (4), la solution organique chargée en métaux lourds et issue du premier appareil d'extraction (2), en contact avec une solution aqueuse (50) capable d'extraire les métaux lourds de la phase organique ;d) mettre en contact, la solution aqueuse (52) issue du deuxième appareil d'extraction (4), avec un agent de précipitation (54) capable de précipiter la totalité des métaux lourds contenus dans la solution aqueuse (52) sous forme d'espèces chimiques insolubles et vitrifiables ;e) filtrer la suspension (56) obtenue et récupérer le filtrat (34) afin de le recycler avec la solution mère (36), puis laver le précipité solide (64) à l'eau afin de le séparer des eaux mères de lavage (60) ; etf) vitrifier le précipité lavé filtré (64).
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agent réducteur (32) est choisi parmi le bisulfite de sodium, le métabisulfite de sodium et le sulfate ferreux ou le dioxyde de soufre.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'extractant organophosphoré peut être choisi parmi l'acide bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-monothiophosphinique ou l'acide di-(2-éthylhexyl)-monothiophosphorique, en présence de calcium dans la solution mère, ou parmi l'acide di-(2-éthylhexyl)-phosphorique, l'acide di-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinique ou le mono(2-éthylhexyl) ester de l'acide (2-éthylhexyl)-phosphonique, en l'absence de calcium dans la solution mère (36).
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'hydrocarbure est le tétrapropylène hydrogéné (TPH).
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le solvant organique (38) est constitué par un mélange contenant 0,2 à 1,0 mole par litre d'extractant organophosphoré dilué dans l'hydrocarbure.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le solvant organique (38) introduit dans le premier appareil d'extraction (2) est issu du deuxième appareil d'extraction (4).
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'un des appareils d'extraction (2, 4) est une colonne pulsée.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement réalisé dans le premier appareil d'extraction (2) est effectué à un pH compris entre 4,5 et 6,5 environ.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement réalisé dans le premier appareil d'extraction (2) est effectué à une température comprise entre 20 à 25°C environ.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement réalisé dans le deuxième appareil d'extraction (4) est effectué à une température comprise entre 40 et 60°C environ.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement de précipitation est effectué à une température comprise entre 40 et 60°C environ.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agent de précipitation (54) est du carbonate de sodium ou du carbonate de calcium.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la solution aqueuse (50) introduite dans le deuxième appareil d'extraction (4) est obtenue à partir des eaux mères de lavage (60) issues de la filtration (8) et ajustée en continu par une solution d'acide chlorhydrique (62) de façon à contenir entre 0,1 et 6,0 mol/l d'acide chlorhydrique.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le raffinat (46) issu du premier appareil d'extraction (2) est concentré de façon à former des sels (70) et une phase aqueuse (68).
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le traitement de l'effluent solide (18) de façon à le rendre liquide est effectué :en mettant dans un dispositif de lixiviation (14) l'effluent solide à traiter (18) en contact avec une solution de lixiviation (28) et un acide minéral (20) dilué avec une solution aqueuse et capable de solubiliser la fraction soluble de l'effluent solide (18), pour former une suspension (22) ;en introduisant cette suspension (22) dans un dispositif de filtration (16), afin de la séparer en un solide résiduel insoluble (30) et en un effluent liquide (26) à introduire dans le premier appareil d'extraction (2) ; eten lavant le solide résiduel insoluble obtenu par de l'eau (24).
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le traitement de lixiviation est effectué à une température comprise entre 40 et 80°C environ.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la solution de lixiviation (28) est constituée par l'eau mère de lavage issue du dispositif de filtration (16), additionnée d'acide chlorhydrique de façon à ajuster le pH de la suspension à une valeur comprise 0,5 et 3,0 environ.
- Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la quantité d'eau de lavage (24) mise en oeuvre dans le dispositif de filtration (16) est telle qu'après recyclage dans le dispositif de lixiviation (14), la suspension (22) obtenue contienne entre 5 et 20 % en poids de matière solide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9407297A FR2721237B1 (fr) | 1994-06-15 | 1994-06-15 | Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement d'effluents solides ou liquides chargés en métaux lourds. |
| FR9407297 | 1994-06-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0687483A1 EP0687483A1 (fr) | 1995-12-20 |
| EP0687483B1 true EP0687483B1 (fr) | 1998-08-26 |
Family
ID=9464224
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19950401367 Expired - Lifetime EP0687483B1 (fr) | 1994-06-15 | 1995-06-13 | Procédé de traitement et de conditionnement d'effluents solides ou liquides charges en metaux lourds |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0687483B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69504248T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2123221T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2721237B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2760663B1 (fr) * | 1997-03-11 | 1999-04-23 | Recupyl Sa | Procede de traitement des residus provenant de l'incineration des ordures menageres (refiom) et des dechets industriels (refedi) |
| FR2760662B1 (fr) * | 1997-03-11 | 1999-09-17 | Recupyl Sa | Procede de traitement de l'amiante par conversion thermochimique |
| FR2770159B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-12-10 | Recupyl Sa | Procede de recyclage des refiom et refidi par voie hydrometallurgique |
| FR2801521B1 (fr) * | 1999-11-29 | 2002-04-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de traitement et de conditionnement d'un effluent en vue d'une vitrification |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6161688A (ja) * | 1984-08-31 | 1986-03-29 | Daihachi Kagaku Kogyosho:Kk | 銅および/もしくはカドミウムとコバルトおよび/もしくはニツケルとを分離する方法 |
| DE3614814C1 (de) | 1986-05-02 | 1987-08-20 | Kernforschungsz Karlsruhe | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Rauchgas |
| US5041398A (en) | 1989-02-22 | 1991-08-20 | Wheaton Industries | Method for treating incinerator ash |
| US5000858A (en) * | 1989-07-17 | 1991-03-19 | Coltec Industries Inc. | Method for removing hexavalent chromium from water |
| DD289030A5 (de) * | 1989-10-05 | 1991-04-18 | Ingenieurbetrieb Anlagenbau Leipzig Gmbh I.G.,De | Verfahren zur reinigung blei- und chromathaltiger abwaesser mit gleichzeitiger wertstoffrueckgewinnung |
| FI904979A7 (fi) * | 1990-10-10 | 1992-04-11 | Wiser Oy | Menetelmä jäte- ja/tai juomaveden puhdistamiseksi |
-
1994
- 1994-06-15 FR FR9407297A patent/FR2721237B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-06-13 EP EP19950401367 patent/EP0687483B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-06-13 DE DE1995604248 patent/DE69504248T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-13 ES ES95401367T patent/ES2123221T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69504248T2 (de) | 1999-04-01 |
| EP0687483A1 (fr) | 1995-12-20 |
| DE69504248D1 (de) | 1998-10-01 |
| FR2721237B1 (fr) | 1996-08-02 |
| FR2721237A1 (fr) | 1995-12-22 |
| ES2123221T3 (es) | 1999-01-01 |
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