EP0704519A1 - Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung aus Aminen, Kohlenwasserstoffpolymeren und Trägerölen - Google Patents

Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung aus Aminen, Kohlenwasserstoffpolymeren und Trägerölen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0704519A1
EP0704519A1 EP95114693A EP95114693A EP0704519A1 EP 0704519 A1 EP0704519 A1 EP 0704519A1 EP 95114693 A EP95114693 A EP 95114693A EP 95114693 A EP95114693 A EP 95114693A EP 0704519 A1 EP0704519 A1 EP 0704519A1
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Prior art keywords
mixture
fuel
component
lubricant additive
weight
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EP95114693A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0704519B1 (de
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Thomas
Harald Dr. Schwahn
Peter Dr. Schreyer
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
    • C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M129/48—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M149/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2215/26—Amines
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    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
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    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • the invention further relates to the use of the mixture as fuel and lubricant additives and fuels for gasoline engines and lubricant compositions which contain the mixture in effective amounts.
  • Carburetor and intake systems of gasoline engines are increasingly contaminated by contaminants caused by dust particles from the air, unburned hydrocarbon residues from the combustion chamber and the ventilation gases from the crankshaft housing that are conducted into the carburetor .
  • the residues adsorb fuel and shift the air-fuel ratio at idle and in the lower part-load range, so that the mixture becomes richer, the combustion incomplete and in turn the proportions of unburned or partially burned hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas increase and the gasoline consumption increases.
  • the document (1) further teaches that in fuel additives up to about 50 wt .-% of the active substance, that is, the polyisobutylamine, can be replaced by polyisobutene without loss of effectiveness; such a replacement is primarily for cost reasons. There is no indication of an improvement in effectiveness with certain amounts of polyisobutene.
  • carrier oils Another important additive component for fuels are so-called carrier oils. These carrier oils are usually high-boiling, thermostable liquids.
  • EP-B 356 726 (2) discloses esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids with long-chain alcohols as carrier oils.
  • EP-A 374 461 (3) describes combinations of polyethers based on propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide with a molecular weight of at least 500 with esters of mono- or polycarboxylic acids and alkanols of the polyols, these esters having a minimum viscosity of 2 mm2 / s at 100 ° C, described, which increase the efficiency of the detergent via synergistic mechanisms of action.
  • US Pat. No. 5,006,130 (4) discloses mixtures of aliphatic alkylene polyamines with at least one oil-soluble synthetic or mineral carrier oil.
  • WO-A 91/03529 (5) teaches the combination of detergents which carry certain amino groups with polyether alcohols as carrier oils. This combination contributes less than its individual components to the increase in octane requirement (ORI, Octane Requirement Increase), which results from deposits of fuel or additives on engine parts. A new engine only reaches its final octane requirement after a considerable operating time, which can then be considerably higher than at the beginning. In general, additives should at least not increase this effect.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide fuel and lubricant additives with improved effectiveness as detergents.
  • the mixture defined at the outset was found, which is characterized by a weight ratio of component A to component B of 80:20 to 60:40, in particular 77:23 to 65:35.
  • Component A is primarily effective as a detergent in fuels.
  • Suitable component A are those amines which have a hydrocarbon radical with an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000, preferably from 600 to 2500 and particularly preferably from 700 to 1500.
  • the hydrocarbon residue is usually branched.
  • such a residue is obtainable by polymerizing olefins.
  • olefins are preferably C2 to C6 olefins, such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, but particularly preferably isobutene.
  • Both homopolymers and copolymers e.g. Polymers made from 70 to 100 wt% isobutene and 0 to 30 wt% 1-butene. Due to their manufacturing process, these polyolefins generally consist of a mixture of compounds of different molecular weights.
  • these polyolefins can be reacted with amines after chlorination.
  • hydroformylation of the polyolefin and amination of the aldehyde and alcohol mixture thus obtained is preferred under hydrogenating conditions, as described, for example, in (1), since this route leads to chlorine-free products.
  • the amine group of detergent A is derived from known amines such as ammonia, primary amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, secondary amines such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, dibutylamine, dioctylamine or heterocycles such as piperazine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, which may be further can carry inert substituents. Ammonia is particularly preferred.
  • component A is a polyisobutylamine with an average molecular weight of 700 to 1500, where up to 20% by weight of the isobutene units can be replaced by 1-butene units.
  • hydrocarbon polymer B Particularly suitable as hydrocarbon polymer B are the olefin polymers described as precursors to component A.
  • component B such olefin polymers have an average molecular weight of preferably 400 to 1750, in particular 500 to 1500.
  • the hydrocarbon polymer B can still contain olefinic double bonds due to the production process; however, such double bonds can also have been hydrogenated.
  • Component B can either be added separately or can be introduced into the mixture according to the invention by carrying out a suitable reaction in the preparation of component A from an excess of the olefin polymers described.
  • a very particularly preferred embodiment for component B is a polyisobutene with an average molecular weight of 500 to 1500, where up to 20% by weight of the isobutene units can be replaced by 1-butene units.
  • Both component A and component B can each be mixtures of different individual compounds.
  • carrier oils C can also be poly- ⁇ -olefins or polymers from internal olefins, i.e. Olefins with non-terminal double bonds can be used.
  • mixtures of the aforementioned carrier oils e.g. from (a) and (b), (a) and (c), (a) and (d), (b) and (c) or (c) and (d).
  • a component oil mixture of polyethers (b) and esters (d) is used as component C, with (b) and (d) preferably in a weight ratio of 20:80 to 80:20, in particular 35:65 until 65:35.
  • Component C is usually present in the mixture according to the invention in a ratio by weight to the sum of amine A and hydrocarbon polymer B of 5:95 to 85:15, in particular 20:80 to 70:30.
  • the mixture according to the invention can contain further components D, the amounts of D being 0 to 40% by weight, preferably 0 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of components A to C. These components D only slightly influence the properties of the mixtures according to the invention with regard to their use in fuels.
  • Component D comprises additives known per se for mixtures which are added to fuels and lubricants. These include in particular corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, detergents or understand dispersants such as amides and imides of polyisobutyl succinic anhydride.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the mixture of components A to C described as fuel and lubricant additives.
  • the present invention further relates to fuels for gasoline engines which contain effective amounts of the mixture according to the invention.
  • Leaded and unleaded regular and premium gasoline can be used as fuels.
  • the gasolines can also contain components other than hydrocarbons, e.g. Contain alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol and ethers such as methyl tert-butyl ether.
  • the fuels according to the invention generally contain the mixtures of components A to C in amounts of 10 to 5000 ppm, based on the total mass, preferably 50 to 1000 ppm.
  • the fuels according to the invention can also contain antioxidants, e.g. N, N'-di-sec-butyl-para-phenylenediamine, and stabilizers, e.g. N, N'-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.
  • Components A to C can be mixed to form clear, homogeneous solutions.
  • Additive fuels show significantly lower valve deposits than pure fuels. Furthermore, the additives do not contribute to an increase in the octane requirement (ORI).
  • ORI octane requirement
  • the present invention further relates to lubricant compositions which contain effective amounts of the mixture according to the invention.
  • Effective amounts are generally understood to mean 0.1 to 6% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the lubricant composition.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung aus im wesentlichen (A) mindestens einem Amin, welches einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 10000 trägt, (B) mindestens einem Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 300 bis 10000, welches in nicht hydrierter oder in hydrierter Form vorliegen kann, und (C) mindestens einem üblichen Trägeröl, gekennzeichnet durch ein Gew.-Verhältnis der Komponente A zur Komponente B von 80:20 bis 60:40.

Description

  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine neue als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung aus im wesentlichen
    • (A) mindestens einem Amin, welches einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 10000 trägt,
    • (B) mindestens einem Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 300 bis 10000, welches in nicht hydrierter oder in hydrierter Form vorliegen kann, und
    • (c) mindestens einem üblichen Trägeröl.
  • Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung die Verwendung der Mischung als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditive sowie Kraftstoffe für Ottomotoren und Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen, welche die Mischung in wirksamen Mengen enthalten.
  • Vergaser- und Einlaßsystem von Ottomotoren, aber auch Einspritzsysteme für die Kraftstoffdosierung in Otto- und Dieselmotoren werden in zunehmendem Maße durch Verunreinigungen belastet, die durch Staubteilchen aus der Luft, unverbrannte Kohlenwasserstoffreste aus dem Brennraum und die in den Vergaser geleiteten Entlüftungsgase aus dem Kurbelwellengehäuse verursacht werden.
  • Die Rückstände adsorbieren Kraftstoff und verschieben das Luft-Kraftstoffverhältnis im Leerlauf und im unteren Teillastbereich, so daß das Gemisch fetter, die Verbrennung unvollständiger und wiederum die Anteile unverbrannter oder teilverbrannter Kohlenwasserstoffe im Abgas größer werden und der Benzinverbrauch steigt.
  • Es ist bekannt, daß durch Zusatz von Detergentien das Einlaßsystem von Ottomotoren sauber gehalten werden kann (siehe z.B. M. Rosenbeck in Katalysatoren, Tenside, Mineralöladditive, Herausgeber J. Falbe, U. Hasserodt, S. 223 f., Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, und Ullmann's Encyclopedea of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A 16, 719 ff, 1990, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft). Emissionen und Kraftstoffverbrauch werden dadurch reduziert und das Fahrverhalten verbessert. Das molekulare Bauprinzip solcher Detergentien kann allgemein beschrieben werden als Verknüpfung polarer Strukturen mit meist höhermolekularen lipophilen Resten. Vertreter hierfür sind z.B. Produkte auf Basis von Polyisobuten mit Amingruppierungen als polare Gruppen, wie in der EP-A 244 616 (1) beschrieben.
  • Die Schrift (1) lehrt weiterhin, daß in Kraftstoffadditiven bis zu ca. 50 Gew.-% der Wirksubstanz, also des Polyisobutylamins, ohne Verlust der Wirksamkeit durch Polyisobuten ersetzt werden können; solch ein Ersatz geschieht vornehmlich aus Kostengründen. Auf eine Verbesserung der Wirksamkeit bei bestimmten Polyisobuten-Mengen wird keinerlei Hinweis gegeben.
  • Eine weitere wichtige Additivkomponente für Kraftstoffe sind sogenannte Trägeröle. Bei diesen Trägerölen handelt es sich in der Regel um hochsiedende thermostabile Flüssigkeiten. Aus der EP-B 356 726 (2) sind Ester aromatischer Polycarbonsäuren mit langkettigen Alkoholen als Trägeröle bekannt. In der EP-A 374 461 (3) sind Kombinationen von Polyethern auf der Basis von Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 500 mit Estern aus Mono- oder Polycarbonsäuren und Alkanolen der Polyolen, wobei diese Ester eine Mindestviskosität von 2 mm²/s bei 100°C aufweisen, beschrieben, welche über synergistische Wirkungsmechanismen den Wirkungsgrad des Detergents erhöhen. Aus der US-A 5 006 130 (4) sind Mischungen von aliphatischen Alkylenpolyaminen mit mindestens einem öllöslichen synthetischen oder mineralischen Trägeröl bekannt.
  • Die WO-A 91/03529 (5) lehrt die Kombination von Detergentien, die bestimmte Aminogruppen tragen, mit Polyetheralkoholen als Trägeröle. Diese Kombination trage insbesondere weniger als ihre Einzelkomponenten zum Anstieg des Octanzahlbedarfes (ORI, Octane Requirement Increase) bei, der durch Ablagerungen des Kraftstoffs oder der Additive an Motorteilen herrührt. Ein neuer Motor erreicht erst nach erheblicher Laufzeit seinen endgültigen Octanzahlbedarf, der dann erheblich höher liegen kann als zu Beginn. Allgemein sollten Additive diesen Effekt zumindest nicht verstärken.
  • Die bekannten Additive des Standes der Technik zeigen noch nicht die optimale Reinigungswirkung im Motor, insbesondere die Verhinderung oder Reduzierung von Ventilablagerungen ist noch verbesserungsbedürftig.
  • Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es daher, Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditive mit verbesserter Wirksamkeit als Detergentien bereitzustellen.
  • Demgemäß wurde die eingangs definierte Mischung gefunden, welche durch ein Gew.-Verhältnis der Komponente A zur Komponente B von 80:20 bis 60:40, insbesondere 77:23 bis 65:35, gekennzeichnet ist.
    • Komponente A
  • Die Komponente A ist in Kraftstoffen primär als Detergens wirksam. Als Komponente A kommen solche Amine in Frage, die einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 10000, vorzugsweise von 600 bis 2500 und besonders bevorzugt von 700 bis 1500 haben.
  • Der Kohlenwasserstoffrest ist in der Regel verzweigt. Im allgemeinen handelt es sich um einen solchen Rest, der durch Polymerisation von Olefinen erhältlich ist. Vorzugsweise handelt es sich bei diesen Olefinen um C₂- bis C₆-Olefine, wie Ethylen, Propylen, 1-Buten, 1-Penten, besonders bevorzugt aber um Isobuten. Es kommen sowohl Homopolymere in Betracht wie auch Copolymere, z.B. Polymere aus 70 bis 100 Gew.-% Isobuten und 0 bis 30 Gew.-% 1-Buten. Bedingt durch ihren Herstellungsprozeß bestehen diese Polyolefine in der Regel aus einer Mischung von Verbindungen verschiedenen Molekulargewichts.
  • In an sich bekannter Weise können diese Polyolefine nach Chlorierung mit Aminen umgesetzt werden. Bevorzugt wird aber eine Hydroformylierung des Polyolefins und Aminierung des so erhaltenen Aldehyd- und Alkoholgemisches unter hydrierenden Bedingungen, wie beispielsweise in (1) beschrieben, da dieser Weg zu chlorfreien Produkten führt. Die Amingruppe des Detergenses A leitet sich von an sich bekannten Aminen wie Ammoniak, primären Aminen wie Methylamin, Ethylamin, Butylamin, Hexylamin, Octylamin, sekundären Aminen wie Dimethylamin, Diethylamin, Dibutylamin, Dioctylamin oder Heterocyclen wie Piperazin, Pyrrolidin, Morpholin, die gegebenenfalls weitere inerte Substituenten tragen können, ab. Besonders bevorzugt ist Ammoniak.
  • Eine ganz besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform für die Komponente A ist ein Polyisobutylamin mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 700 bis 1500, wobei bis zu 20 Gew.-% der Isobuten-Einheiten durch 1-Buten-Einheiten ersetzt sein können.
    • Komponente B
  • Als Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer B eignen sich insbesondere die als Vorstufe zur Komponente A beschriebenen Olefinpolymerisate. Solche Olefinpolymerisate weisen als Komponente B ein mittleres Molekulargewicht von vorzugsweise 400 bis 1750, insbesondere von 500 bis 1500 auf. Das Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer B kann noch herstellungsbedingt olefinische Doppelbindungen enthalten; solche Doppelbindungen können jedoch auch hydriert worden sein. Die Komponente B kann entweder separat zugegeben werden oder durch geeignete Reaktionsführung bei der Herstellung der Komponente A aus einem Überschuß der beschriebenen Olefinpolymerisate in das erfindungsgemäße Gemisch eingebracht werden.
  • Eine ganz besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform für die Komponente B ist ein Polyisobuten mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 1500, wobei bis zu 20 Gew.-% der Isobuten-Einheiten durch 1-Buten-Einheiten ersetzt sein können.
  • Sowohl die Komponente A als auch die Komponente B können jeweils Mischungen verschiedener Einzelverbindungen sein.
    • Komponente C
  • Als Trägeröle C eignen sich im Prinzip alle üblicherweise für diesen Zweck verwendeten Verbindungen. Besonders bevorzugt werden jedoch Trägeröle C aus folgenden vier Gruppen:
    • (a) Mineralöle wie beispielsweise naphthenische oder paraffinische Mineralöle mit einer Viskosität von 2 bis 25 mm²/s bei 100°C;
    • (b) Polyether auf Basis von Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid, insbesondere solche mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 500; insbesondere kommen hier Polyalkylenoxide in Betracht, die auf einem mittel- oder langkettigen Alkanol oder Alkandiol, einem von der Kettenlänge vergleichbaren Amin oder einem Alkylphenol, z.B. auf 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,8-Octandiol, iso-Tridecanol, iso-Nonylphenol, iso-Dedecylphenol oder iso-Tridecylamin, gestartet wurden. Pro Startermolekül können meist bis zu 50 mol, insbesondere 8 bis 30 mol, Propylenoxid oder Butylenoxid oder eine Mischung hieraus, welche blockartig oder zufällig verteilt eingebaut wird, umgesetzt werden;
    • (c) Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid und Ammoniak oder primären oder sekundären Mono- oder Polyaminen, insbesondere solche mit einer Molmasse von mindestens 500; derartige Polyetheramine (c) werden vorzugsweise aus Polyethern (b) durch Aminierung nach bekannten Methoden hergestellt, wobei die endständige Hydroxylgruppe unter Wasserabspaltung durch eine Aminogruppe ersetzt wird;
    • (d) Ester aus Mono- oder Polycarbonsäuren mit Alkanolen oder Polyolen, insbesondere solche mit einer Mindestviskosität von 2 mm²/s bei 100°C; als Mono- oder Polycarbonsäuren können aliphatische oder vorzugsweise aromatische eingesetzt werden, als Esteralkohole bzw. -polyole eignen sich vor allem langkettige Vertreter mit beispielsweise 6 bis 24 C-Atomen; typische Vertreter der Ester (d) sind Adipate, Phthalate, iso-Phthalate, Terephthalate und Trimellitate des iso-Octanols, iso-Nonanols, iso-Decanols und des iso-Tridecanols.
  • Weiterhin können als Trägeröle C jedoch auch Poly-α-olefine oder Polymere aus internen Olefinen, d.h. Olefinen mit nicht-terminalen Doppelbindungen, verwendet werden.
  • Generell können auch Mischungen aus den geannten Trägerölen, z.B. aus (a) und (b),(a) und (c), (a) und (d), (b) und (c) oder (c) und (d), eingesetzt werden.
  • In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform setzt man als Komponente C ein Trägerölgemisch aus Polyethern (b) und Estern (d) ein, wobei (b) und (d) vorzugsweise im Gew.-Verhältnis 20:80 bis 80:20, insbesondere 35:65 bis 65:35, stehen.
  • Die Komponente C liegt in der erfindungsgemäßen Mischung üblicherweise in einem Gew.-Verhältnis zur Summe aus Amin A und Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer B von 5:95 bis 85:15, insbesondere 20:80 bis 70:30, vor.
  • Die erfindungsgemäße Mischung kann weitere Komponenten D enthalten, wobei die Mengen an D 0 bis 40 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0 bis 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Komponenten A bis C, betragen. Diese Komponenten D beeinflussen die Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Mischungen im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendung in Kraftstoffen nur in geringem Ausmaß.
  • Die Komponente D umfaßt an sich bekannte Additive für Mischungen, die Kraft- und Schmierstoffen zugesetzt werden. Darunter sind insbesondere Korrosionsinhibitoren, Demulgatoren, Detergentien oder Dispergatoren wie Amide und Imide des Polyisobutylbernsteinsäureanhydrids zu verstehen.
  • Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist auch die Verwendung der beschriebenen Mischung aus den Komponenten A bis C als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditive.
  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin Kraftstoffe für Ottomotoren, welche wirksame Mengen der erfindungsgemäßen Mischung enthalten.
  • Als Kraftstoffe kommen verbleites und unverbleites Normal- und Superbenzin in Betracht. Die Benzine können auch andere Komponenten als Kohlenwasserstoffe, z.B. Alkohole wie Methanol, Ethanol, tert.-Butanol sowie Ether wie Methyl-tert.-butylether, enthalten.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffe enthalten die Mischungen aus den Komponenten A bis C im allgemeinen in Mengen von jeweils 10 bis 5000 ppm, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse, vorzugsweise 50 bis 1000 ppm. Die erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffe können neben den oben beschriebenen Komponenten D außerdem noch Antioxidantien, z.B. N,N'-Di-sec.-butyl-para-phenylendiamin, und Stabilisatoren, z.B. N,N'-Disalicyliden-1,2-diaminopropan, enthalten.
  • Die Komponenten A bis C lassen sich zu klaren, homogenen Lösungen vermischen. Damit additivierte Kraftstoffe zeigen gegenüber den reinen Kraftstoffen deutlich geringere Ventilablagerungen. Weiterhin tragen die Additive nicht zu einem Anstieg des Octanzahlbedarfes (ORI) bei.
  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft weiterhin Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen, welche wirksame Mengen der erfindungsgemäßen Mischung enthalten. Unter wirksamen Mengen sind hier in der Regel 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, zu verstehen.
    • Beispiele
  • Bestimmung von Ventilablagerungen durch Motorentests im Mercedes-Benz M 102 E nach CEC-F-05-T-92
    Bei den Motorentests wurden Mischungen aus den Komponenten A, B und C und zum Vergleich Mischungen aus den Komponenten A und C auf ihre Wirksamkeit zur Reinerhaltung der Einlaßventile geprüft. Der verwendete Kraftstoff war Eurosuper bleifrei.
    Beispiel Nr. Komponente Menge [ppm ≙ mg/kg Kraftstoff] durchschnittliche Ventilablagerungen [mg]
    Zum Vergleich:
    1 A: PIBA (M ca. 1000) a) 300 83
    C: Mineralöl d) 300
    2 A: PIBA (M ca. 1000) a) 300 70
    C: Polyether e) 300
    3 A: PIBA (M ca. 1000) a) 300 80
    C: Ester f) 300
    erfindungsgemäß:
    4 A: PIBA (M ca. 1000) a) 300 48
    B: PIB (M ca. 1000) b) 150
    C: Polyether e) 150
    5 A: PIBA (M ca. 1000) a) 300 60
    B: PIB (M ca. 1000) b) 150
    C: Ester f) 150
    6 A: PIBA (M ca. 1000) a) 300 15
    B: PIB (M ca. 1000) b) 100
    C: Polyether e) 100
    Ester f) 100
    7 A: PIBA (M ca. 1000) a) 300 7
    B: PIB (M ca. 700) c) 100
    C: Polyether e ) 100
    Ester f) 100
    a) handelsübliches Polyisobutylamin (mittleres Molekulargewicht ca. 1000)
    b) nicht hydriertes Polyisobuten (mittleres Molekulargewicht ca. 1000)
    c) nicht hydriertes Polyisobuten (mittleres Molekulargewicht ca. 700)
    d) handelsübliches Mineralöl auf Basis eines Erdöldestillationsschnittes mit einer Viskosität von 11 mm²/s bei 100°C
    e) mit 22 mol Butylenoxid umgesetztes iso-Tridecanol
    f) Diisodecylphthalat
  • Zu erkennen ist die deutlich höhere Wirksamkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Mischung gemäß Beispiel 4 bis 7 gegenüber den Mischungen ohne Komponente B gemäß Beispiel 1 bis 3.

Claims (11)

  1. Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung aus im wesentlichen
    (A) mindestens einem Amin, welches einen Kohlenwasserstoffrest mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 10000 trägt,
    (B) mindestens einem Kohlenwasserstoffpolymer mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 300 bis 10000, welches in nicht hydrierter oder in hydrierter Form vorliegen kann, und
    (C) mindestens einem üblichen Trägeröl,
    gekennzeichnet durch ein Gew.-Verhältnis der Komponente A zur Komponente B von 80:20 bis 60:40.
  2. Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein Gew.-Verhältnis der Komponente A zur Komponente B von 77:23 bis 65:35.
  3. Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, in der als Komponente A ein Polyisobutylamin mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 700 bis 1500 eingesetzt wird, wobei bis zu 20 Gew.-% der Isobuten-Einheiten durch 1-Buten-Einheiten ersetzt sein können.
  4. Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, in der als Komponente B ein Polyisobuten mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht von 500 bis 1500 eingesetzt wird, wobei bis zu 20 Gew.-% der Isobuten-Einheiten durch 1-Buten-Einheiten ersetzt sein können.
  5. Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, in der als Komponente C Trägeröle aus der Gruppe
    (a) Mineralöle,
    (b) Polyether auf der Basis von Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid,
    (c) Polyetheramine auf der Basis von Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid und Ammoniak oder primären oder sekundären Mono- oder Polyaminen und
    (d) Ester aus Mono- oder Polycarbonsäuren und Alkanolen oder Polyolen
    eingesetzt werden.
  6. Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung nach Anspruch 5, in der als Komponente C ein Trägerölgemisch aus (b) Polyethern auf der Basis von Propylenoxid und/oder Butylenoxid und (d) Estern aus Mono- oder Polycarbonsäuren und Alkanolen oder Polyolen eingesetzt wird.
  7. Verwendung der Mischung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6 als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditive.
  8. Kraftstoffe für Ottomotoren, enthaltend wirksame Mengen der Mischung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6.
  9. Kraftstoffe für Ottomotoren, enthaltend 10 bis 5000 ppm der Mischung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6.
  10. Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen, enthaltend wirksame Mengen der Mischung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6.
  11. Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen, enthaltend 0,1 bis 6 Gew.-% der Mischung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6.
EP95114693A 1994-09-28 1995-09-19 Als Kraft- und Schmierstoffadditiv geeignete Mischung aus Aminen, Kohlenwasserstoffpolymeren und Trägerölen Expired - Lifetime EP0704519B1 (de)

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WO1999040166A1 (de) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-12 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Feste kraftstoffadditive
EP0950704A1 (de) * 1998-04-14 1999-10-20 The Lubrizol Corporation Polyalken-substituiertes Amin und Polyätheralkohol enthaltende Zusammensetzungen
US6348075B1 (en) 1998-04-14 2002-02-19 The Lubrizol Corporation Compositions containing polyalkene-substituted amine and polyether alcohol
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WO2000002978A1 (de) * 1998-07-09 2000-01-20 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Propoxilat enthaltende kraftstoffzusammensetzungen
US7250065B1 (en) 1998-07-09 2007-07-31 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Fuel compositions containing propoxylate
AU751122C (en) * 1998-07-09 2003-07-03 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Fuel compositions containing propoxilate
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US6498129B1 (en) 1998-09-08 2002-12-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Two-cycle lubricating oil containing polyisobutylene amine
WO2000014185A1 (en) * 1998-09-08 2000-03-16 Infineum Usa Lp Lubricating oil compositins and fuels for two-cycle engines
EP1277828A3 (de) * 1999-02-09 2003-07-02 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
JP2002536531A (ja) * 1999-02-09 2002-10-29 ビーエーエスエフ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト 燃料組成物
WO2000047698A1 (de) * 1999-02-09 2000-08-17 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP1104749A3 (de) * 1999-11-09 2001-11-21 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Oxyalkylierung von Alkanolen mit Alkylenoxiden
WO2001085874A3 (de) * 2000-05-05 2002-04-04 Basf Ag Kraftstoffadditivpakete für ottokraftstoffe mit verbesserten viskositätseigenschaften und guter ivd performance
US6840970B2 (en) 2000-05-05 2005-01-11 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Fuel additive compositions for fuels for internal combustion engines with improved viscosity properties and good IVD performance
WO2002022765A3 (en) * 2000-09-13 2007-10-18 Ass Octel Composition
WO2003068895A1 (en) * 2002-02-12 2003-08-21 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Gasolinen compositions
US7601185B2 (en) 2002-03-06 2009-10-13 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Fuel additive mixtures for gasolines with synergistic IVD performance

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ES2131243T3 (es) 1999-07-16
DE59505828D1 (de) 1999-06-10
US6579329B1 (en) 2003-06-17
EP0704519B1 (de) 1999-05-06

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