EP0734093B1 - Vorrichtung zur Speisung einer Mehrstrahl-Gruppenantenne - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Speisung einer Mehrstrahl-Gruppenantenne Download PDF

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EP0734093B1
EP0734093B1 EP96400526A EP96400526A EP0734093B1 EP 0734093 B1 EP0734093 B1 EP 0734093B1 EP 96400526 A EP96400526 A EP 96400526A EP 96400526 A EP96400526 A EP 96400526A EP 0734093 B1 EP0734093 B1 EP 0734093B1
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directional
input
module
output
modules
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French (fr)
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EP0734093A1 (de
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Antoine Roederer
Simon John Stirland
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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Agence Spatiale Europeenne
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device

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  • the subject of the present invention is a device for feeding antennas multisources for the generation of multiple beams including partial or full recovery.
  • Each beam has a prescribed shape and contours, to optimize the gain depending on the direction and, also, in many cases, to limit interference.
  • Nb multiple beams at partial or total angular overlap can be performed from antennas with Ne sources or radiating elements, either direct radiation or indirect radiation, that is to say, illuminating an optic with one or more reflectors and / or lenses.
  • Each beam has a law optimal complex excitation for these sources.
  • these optimal directivity excitation laws are only generally not “orthogonal”.
  • the beams corresponding to non-orthogonal distributions are also not orthogonal (see for example "A Variable Power Dual Mode Network .. "by H.S. Luh, IEEE Transactions - Volume AP 32 n ° 12 - December 1984 - page 1382-4). Their generation is consequently accompanied by losses in the circuits beam forming.
  • This type of distributor is described for example in the book "Microwave Antenna Handbook" by Y.T. Lo and S.W. Lee, 1988 edition, p 19.10 and 19.11.
  • On transmission, part of the power of one or several non-orthogonal beams is lost in the charges whose presence is necessary for the realization of non-orthogonal distributions desired.
  • the device of Figure 1a shown here during transmission, normally operates with an amplifier beam, which limits flexibility in the distribution of power between beams.
  • Such flexibility can be obtained (see Figure 1b) by adding to the device of Figure 1a device called multi-port amplifier comprising a number of identical amplifiers, in number equal to that of the beams, and arranged between two distributors hybrids, for example constituted by matrices of Butler (described in the cited work "Microwave Antenna Handbook "by Y.T. Lo and S.W. Lee, 1988).
  • a Butler matrix is a passive network without losses theoretical comprising N inputs and N outputs, N being generally a power of 2. Its inputs are isolated between them, and a signal applied to any one of product inputs on all signal outputs of equal amplitudes, but whose phases vary linearly from one output to the next.
  • the resulting assembly has a structure complex and, although it produces the desired beams, it involves electrical losses after amplification which reduce yield performance.
  • the second possibility II is to generate "orthogonal" excitation laws corresponding to a distributor without electrical losses.
  • FIGS. 2 a and 2 b This is the case of antennas with shaped beams, having a reflector illuminated by an array of radiating elements, themselves supplied by a multimode type lossless distributor illustrated in FIGS. 2 a and 2 b .
  • the distribution laws on the source network and corresponding to the beams are obtained by optimization from the desired radiation diagrams.
  • the condition of orthogonality of the distributions must be added in the optimization which leads, according to known techniques, a reduction in directivity.
  • Such antennas implementing a distribution network whose output signals are controlled only by the value of the phase of its phase shifting elements, are described for example in the article cited "A Variable Power Dual Mode Network ..” by HS Luh , IEEE Transactions AP 32 N ° 12 - December 1994-pages 1382-1384.
  • the devices of FIG. 2 a and of FIG. 3 a shown on transmission, with respectively lossless dies of the Blass type and dies in cascade, operate normally with a beam amplifier, which limits the flexibility in the distribution of power between beams.
  • a cascade matrix is described in the article "On Multimode Antenna Concepts” by La Flame et al - ESA Workshop on Advanced Beam Networks - ESA WPP-030 (1991) (figs. 3 and 4).
  • Such flexibility can be achieved by adding to those of FIGS. 2a and 3a, a device known as multi-port amplifier with number identical amplifiers, equal to that of the beams, between two hybrid matrix type distributors Butler (described in the cited work of Lo and Lee page 19.9).
  • the resulting devices shown in FIGS. 2 b and 3 b , are complex and, although they do not involve losses after amplification, produce only approximate distributions giving beams with non-optimal performance.
  • the third possibility III is to use an active antenna.
  • a module amplifier is connected to each radiating element.
  • This type of antenna can include a direct radiation, as shown in Figure 4 to the emission, or be an illuminated reflector antenna by a network of the same type.
  • the distribution losses corresponding to the non-orthogonality of the optimal laws are compensated here by a distributed amplification, introduced between the loss circuits and radiating sources.
  • the fourth possibility IV is to use a semi-active antenna called multimatrix.
  • a semi-active antenna is a distributed amplification - not centralized - where a lossless hybrid distributor is introduced between amplifier modules and radiant elements for y control the power distribution.
  • a semi-active multimator antenna is a semi-active antenna where this lossless hybrid splitter consists of a multiplicity of distributors smaller hybrids at 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 6x6, 8x8 ... doors, identical or not, connected to the radiating elements in a way that depends on the type of beams to beget.
  • the beams can be modified there, if necessary, by acting on low phase shifters level.
  • Such a multimating power supply device is described for multisource reflector antennas, in French Patent N ° 89 12584 filed by Applicant on September 26, 1989 and published on March 29, 1991 under No. 2,652,452 and whose inventor is A.
  • Roederer and for direct radiation networks, in French Patent N ° 91,01086 filed by the Applicant on January 31, 1991 and published on August 7, 1992 under N ° 2 672 436, and the inventors of which are A. Roederer and C. van't Klooster. It allows by optimization, for each beam, of the phases of signals before amplification, to get beams neighbors of those requested. Such a system allows to generate without loss distributions (beams) no orthogonal. However, since only the phases at the input are optimized, and that the dispatcher is simplified by the use of small distributors multiple, optimal distributions cannot be than approximate. This results in a loss of directivity typically between 0.5 and 1 decibel.
  • the first solution I is rarely used cause electrical loss.
  • the second solution II is the most used, often with only two beams (or modes) and with a separate amplification system for each channel multiplexed on each beam (figure la), but sometimes also in combination with a multi-port amplifier, for example for US-Canada M-SAT satellites (see "M-SAT L-Band Antenna Subsystem ", by S. Gupta, proceedings of JINA'94 Symposium, page 197).
  • Training matrices of beams are orthogonal and this results in a loss directivity typically between 0.5 and 1.5 dB compared to the ideal case where each beam would be generated from a separate antenna with the law optimal for the corresponding beam (ideal case).
  • Solution III i.e. an antenna active
  • Solution III is successfully used for speed cameras, where it is the product of emission-reception diagrams (beams) and not each of these diagrams that matters.
  • beams emission-reception diagrams
  • Solution IV that is to say a semi-active multimating antenna, may prove to be more efficient than the previous one, but, as indicated above, it does not however lead to the desired optimal distributions, (except exceptional case where these happen to be achievable exactly by such a configuration).
  • the subject of the present invention is a feed device for a multisource antenna multiple beams which eliminates losses of directionality mentioned above while avoiding losses in high level circuits.
  • a first object of the invention is thus to achieve exactly and without losses, and with a distributed and uniform amplification, the distributions non-orthogonal excitation prescribed, with a semi-active antenna, either direct radiation or indirect radiation.
  • a second object of the invention is to make possible the choice of an Na number of amplifiers which is different from the number Nb of the beams and / or the number Do not radiant elements (or sources), while in the semi-active prior art antennas, the number Na of amplifiers is necessarily equal to the number Do not radiant elements.
  • a third object of the invention is to make possible adjustment of the power distribution between beams, depending on the fluctuations in traffic or propagation conditions, while maintaining total power consumption minimal.
  • the device according to the invention thus allows optimize both the phases and the amplitudes of distributions, and therefore avoid directivity losses linked to the approximate distributions of Prior Art.
  • signal phases corresponding to one of the Nb distributions can be null.
  • the dispatcher can include at least one directive module comprising a directive coupler with two inputs and two outputs and having a ratio of directivity r given, and an associated phase shift element coupled to an output of the directional coupler.
  • the distributor output power at Na inputs and Ne outputs includes in general [(Ne - 1) + (Ne - 2) + ... + (Ne - Na)] directive modules.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to the case where the number Na of the amplifier modules is equal to number Nb of beams.
  • It can preferably include five modules and it is then characterized in that it comprises five directive modules, namely a first module directive having an input connected to the output of a first amplifier module and having its first and second outputs connected to an input respectively a second and a third directive module, the third directive module also having a second input connected to the output of a second module amplifier, the first and second outputs of the second directive module being connected to a first input respectively of a fourth directive module and a fifth directive module, the first and second outputs of the third directive module being connected to a second entry respectively from the fifth and the fourth directive modules and the outputs of the fourth and fifth directive modules being each connected to a radiant element.
  • five directive modules namely a first module directive having an input connected to the output of a first amplifier module and having its first and second outputs connected to an input respectively a second and a third directive module, the third directive module also having a second input connected to the output of a second module amplifier, the first and second outputs of the second directive module being connected to a first input respectively of
  • the ratio directivity r of the first directional coupler of the first directive module and the phase shift of the phase shifter element associated with it are such that in the mode reception, the power at the two entrance doors of the first directive module is the same for each of the two beams, in that the directivity ratio r of directional couplers of the fourth and fifth modules directives, and the phase shifts of their phase-shifting elements associated are such that the power corresponding to first beam is concentrated in reception mode to only one of their front doors, in that the ratio r of the phase shift element of the third module directive and the phase shift of the associated phase shift element are such that the power corresponding to the first beam is concentrated towards its second entry and in this that the directivity ratio r of the directional coupler of first and second directive modules and phase shifts of their associated phase-shifting elements are such that the second beam output power is concentrated in reception mode to only one of their doors entry.
  • the ratios r of output couplers and second, third and fourth intermediate directive modules as well as phase shifts of the phase-shifting elements associated with them are chosen to concentrate the power corresponding to a directional beam towards only one of their doors input, while the ratio r of the directional coupler of the first intermediate directive module and the phase shift of the phase shift element associated with it are such that they -concentrate the power corresponding to a non-beam directive to only one of their front doors, and that the ratio r of the directional coupler of the phase shift module input and the phase shift of the phase shifter element which is associated are such that the powers are the same for the two beams at the inputs of the phase shift module input and therefore on the module outputs amplifiers.
  • the ratio r and the phase shift of the first and second downstream directive modules are such that in reception mode, the amplitudes of the signals on each of their entries are equal, for each of two incident beams, and in that the ratio r and the phase shift of the first and second directive modules upstream are such that in reception mode, the amplitudes of signals on their inputs are equal, for each of two incident beams.
  • the invention also relates to a distributor of power which is preferably usable in the frame of the above feeder.
  • This power distributor has a plurality of directive modules comprising a directive coupler having two inputs and two outputs and presenting, in the case of a directive module of a first type, an element phase shifter arranged at only one of the two outputs of said directional coupler, the output of the phase shifter constituting the output from the module, and in the case of a directive module of a second type, a phase-shifting element arranged at each of the two outputs of the directional coupler, the outputs of phase shifters constituting the module outputs.
  • It has a cascade arrangement symmetrical and without crossing including a line control unit comprising at least one directive module of the second type, this central line being surrounded symmetrically of at least one left line and at least a straight line of directive modules of the first type arranged in cascade without crossing, at least two directive modules of the first type constituting modules entry having at least one entry constituting the Na inputs of the power distributor, and it presents directive modules of the first type constituting modules output and having at least one output connected to a input of Ne antenna elements.
  • a line control unit comprising at least one directive module of the second type, this central line being surrounded symmetrically of at least one left line and at least a straight line of directive modules of the first type arranged in cascade without crossing, at least two directive modules of the first type constituting modules entry having at least one entry constituting the Na inputs of the power distributor, and it presents directive modules of the first type constituting modules output and having at least one output connected to a input of Ne antenna elements.
  • the directive modules of the first type which are arranged on the same side, respectively left or right with respect to said line central, have their phase shift element arranged in the respectively left or right output of their coupler directive.
  • the directive modules of the first type which are neither input modules nor output modules, and which are located on the left side by compared to said center line have at least their entry right connected to the left output of a directive module upstream, and vice versa by symmetry for said modules located on the right side.
  • the directive modules of the first type which are neither input modules nor output modules, and which are located on a line extreme left with respect to said center line, have their left input connected to the left output of a upstream directive module, and their right input connected to the left output of another upstream directive module, and conversely by symmetry for said modules located on the right side.
  • At least one phase shift element can be variable, so as to allow reconfiguration to less partial of the beams.
  • the output power distributor can advantageously include a plurality of modules phase shifters, including at least one input module whose inputs are connected to module outputs amplifiers and the directivity of the module (s) input is such that, for each beam, the powers on each of the inputs of the module (s) input phase shifters are the same, while the other phase shift modules do not meet this condition.
  • the beam forming device can operate at an intermediate frequency with respect to the device transmit / receive frequency, and it then has, at each of its Na outputs, a frequency converter, so as to allow a appropriate frequency change.
  • the beam-forming device can, in variant, operate at the transmission / reception frequency of device.
  • the beam-forming device can be a digital circuit comprising, at the output, digital to analog converters.
  • the invention also relates to an antenna characterized in that it comprises a device for focusing comprising at least one reflector and / or at minus a lens, and a feeding device such as defined above, the Ne radiating elements which are associated being positioned relative to the device focus to get focus at transmission and / or reception.
  • the power distributor can advantageously include [(Ne - 1) + (Ne - 2) + ... (Ne - Na)] directive modules.
  • the device according to the invention is intended for feeding multiple element beam antennas multiple radiant, of which the prescribed beams are partially cover and which consequently corresponding excitation distributions of these elements are not orthogonal, i.e. their complex dot products are not zero.
  • the devices according to the invention can be used during transmission and / or reception.
  • the antenna will mainly be described in transmission mode but all of the lessons can be transposed, mutatis mutandis, to reception operation by simple application of the principle of reciprocity, the structure of the circuits and their links remaining the same, but the signal traveling from the antenna array to the transmit / receive circuits instead of traveling in the opposite direction.
  • the amplifier stages which are placed in the same places, are, in this case, low noise amplifier stages whose input is located on the antenna side and the output on the transmit / receive circuit side.
  • the two types of amplifiers power amplifiers for transmission and low noise amplifiers for reception
  • the device according to the invention comprises a microwave hybrid distributor whose structure is fundamentally different from that of devices usual. This design allows in particular, and unlike existing systems, to choose will the number of Na amplifiers, which can be different from the number Nb of the beams and / or the number Ne radiant elements.
  • the device of the invention is, in general, illustrated by Figure 6.
  • Ne radiating elements 61 to radiation direct, or illuminating an optical system 1 are connected by lines 62, to a hybrid microwave distributor 63 without losses, at Ne x Na doors (Ne exit doors and Na entrance doors).
  • the Na entrance doors are connected to the outputs of Na amplifier modules 64.
  • the inputs of amplifiers 64 are connected to a 65 phase shifting distributor with losses having Na x Nb doors.
  • This phase shifting distributor 65 which constitutes a device low level beam former, has Na combiners 66 each with 1 x Nb doors (1 exit door and Nb entry doors), NaxNb phase shifters or sections of line 67, and Nb dividers 68 arranged between doors 69 Nb beams and phase shifters 67 of each beam.
  • Each divider 68 has Na x 1 doors.
  • the device can operate on transmission, reception or both modes at the same time, adapting the modules to each case amplifiers 64.
  • the amplifier modules are here of the type transmission / reception.
  • the distributor 103 includes 24 directive modules which are interconnected as shown in FIG. 11 a .
  • the distributor 103 ' has 22 interconnected modules as shown in Figure 11b .
  • Each of the Nb beams prescribed emanates from all or part of the Ne elements with a distribution amplitude and phase specific which is optimized for each beam as if the antenna should not generate that this beam.
  • optimization is done using conventional optimization programs such as minimax or multiple projections, known procedures specialists (see for example the book "The Handbook of Antenna Design ", edited by A. Rudge et al., 1986, p 263).
  • a microwave distributor 63 (fig. 6) according to the invention typically consists of couplers hybrids (which are generally not at 3 decibels), associated with fixed phase shifters or sections of line or waveguide, these components being connected in cascade by lines or waveguides.
  • the dispatcher 63 called orthogonal or multimode, is from the family of those used for example for multimode antennas with conventional shaped beams (from case II of section previous).
  • Na is always either the number Nb of the beams, in the case passive systems (fig. la, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b), or to the number Ne of radiating elements in the case of active systems (fig. 4), or semi-active systems (fig. 5).
  • the function of the power distributor 63 set implemented according to the invention is to match exactly at Nb distributions given at Ne level radiating elements, and generally not orthogonal, Nb distributions at Na entry doors, all at equal amplitudes with Nb ⁇ Na ⁇ Ne.
  • Hybrid microwave splitters are unable to fulfill this function when prescribed distributions are not orthogonal.
  • the distributor 63 presents a matrix of transfer exactly matching said distributions between them, and which is determined in implementing the following design rules.
  • the transfer function of the high dispatcher input excitation level and phases are so determined.
  • the synthesis of a microwave distributor 63 with known orthogonal transfer matrix can be implemented with architectures 103 with hybrid couplers and cascade phase shifters 102 (fig. 11 a ), or 103 ′ with distributors 102 ′ of the Blass type. (fig. 11 b ).
  • the feeding device also includes a 65-phase shifter-distributor with Nb inputs (with Nb ⁇ Na) and Na outputs, whose Na outputs are associated with Na inputs of the microwave distributor 63, if necessary by through converters, and whose Nb inputs correspond to the Nb beams required.
  • this 65-phase shifter divides the signals applied to each of the Nb into Na beam entries and dephase appropriately each of the Na signals obtained for each beam by phase shifters 67.
  • the signals from the different beams are, after phase shift, recombined on each of the Na outputs of the distributor-phase shifter 65 by a combiner 66.
  • the combiner 66 which constitutes the device for forming beam at low level, and which remains of design classic, is the seat of losses associated with non-orthogonality bundles, which at this level do not affect performance (or - upon receipt - the noise) of the system.
  • the Nb dividers into Na signals of each of the bundles and Na combiners 66 can for example be of the "Wilkinson" type, if the distributor 65 operates in microwave.
  • the device also includes Na modules amplifiers 64, nominally identical, which are inserted between the outputs of the 65-phase shifter-distributor, if required through converters frequency, and the Na inputs of distributor 63, if required via Na filters, not shown in Figure 6.
  • Na amplifiers can be added other modules to provide redundancy in the event of breakdown. On emission, these Na amplifiers amplify in powers the signals to be transmitted.
  • these Na amplifiers are identical, low noise, and amplify signals they receive from the distributor 63.
  • the device according to this embodiment of the invention thus presents, in combination, the elements radiant 61, lines 62, microwave distributor orthogonal 63 and the amplifier modules 64 operating all under nominal or quasi-nominal conditions, as well as the 65 phase-shifting distributor.
  • each 65 low level dispatcher inputs are optimally subdivided and phase-shifted, fixed or reconfigurable, and amplified by amplifiers 64. They are then distributed by the high dispatcher level 63 with radiating elements 61 with amplitudes and the optimal phases to generate each of corresponding beams.
  • the power radiated by each beam can be controlled by switching more or less channels at the corresponding inputs of the low level dispatcher 65, which leads to the total reconfigurability of the traffic.
  • the cover reconfiguration is done either by activating the desired part of the Nb beams available, either by action on variable phase shifters 67, if any, or by a combination of the two.
  • the device of the invention works also at the reception and helps to limit noise received while ensuring for each beam the gain optimum.
  • Amplifiers 64 are then replaced by low noise amplifiers, amplifying signals receipts from microwave 63.
  • the orthogonal microwave distributor 73 then reduces to the assembly of a fixed phase shifter 73 1 , producing a phase shift ⁇ , and a directional coupler 73 2 characterized by its directivity ratio r with 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, the phase shifter 73 1 or section of line or guide being inserted between the directional coupler and one of the radiating elements 71 2 .
  • coherent signals of equal amplitudes and of optimized phases at the two input gates (power amplifiers) emerge with amplitudes and phase desired to produce these beams.
  • the orthogonal microwave distributor 83 is then reduced to the assembly of six directional couplers (R 1 .... R 6 ), each characterized by its directivity ratio and each associated with a fixed phase shifter (D1 ... D6 ), each phase-shifter or section of line or guide being connected to one of the output ports of the corresponding directional coupler (R 1 ).
  • coherent signals of equal amplitudes and of optimized phases at the two input gates (power amplifiers) emerge with amplitudes of phase desired to produce these beams.
  • the non-equal signals incident on the elements 81 1 to 81 4 emerge equal in amplitude "at the outputs" of the amplifiers 84 (at low noise).
  • phase shifting modules comprising the three couplers R 3 , R 5 and R 6 and their associated phase shifters D 3 , D 5 and D 6 are calculated so as to concentrate, in reception mode, the power of the first beam towards a single gate "d ' input "of the modules, which does in this mode, output function. This calculation can be carried out in a known manner.
  • the two directional couplers R 2 and R 4 and the associated phase shifters D 2 and D 4 are calculated in reception mode so as to concentrate the available power of the second beam B 2 towards a single "input" gate of each of the couplers D 2 and D 4 .
  • the last (lower) coupler R 1 and the associated phase shifter D 1 are calculated in reception mode, to equalize for each beam (B 1 , B 2 ) the powers at the two "input" gates which in this mode operate output (using the same method as for the coupler and phase shifter of the previous device (fig. 7).
  • FIG. 9 A simplified configuration of the device of Figure 8 is shown in Figure 9, in which the elements corresponding to those of Figure 8 have the same reference number to which is added the sign "'".
  • the directional coupler R 1 and its associated phase shifter D 1 have been eliminated.
  • the device comprises five directional couplers (R ' 2 ... R' 6 ) and their five associated phase shifters (D ' 2 ... D' 6 ) which are interconnected like the directional couplers (R 2 ... R 6 ) and the phase shifters (D 2 ... D 6 ), except that an input of the couplers R ' 2 and R' 3 is connected to the output of an amplifier respectively 84 ' 2 and 84' 1 .
  • the device of figure 10 illustrates the case a network antenna (here at eight sources) producing two bundles B1 and B2 from one of two sources, and the other of the eight sources. These beams of widths are clearly non-orthogonal (around the axis, the power incident on the antenna cannot clearly not be fully captured by the B2 beam, without a part going to beam B1 - hence a loss compared to the case of a single beam).
  • the beam B1 emanates from the two radiating elements 91 7 and 91 8 and the beam B2 from all the eight radiating elements 91 1 and 91 8 .
  • the orthogonal microwave distributor 93 is then reduced to the assembly of nine directional couplers R 11 to R 19 each characterized by its directivity ratio r and each associated with a fixed phase shifter D 11 to D 19 , each phase shifter or line section or guide being connected to one of the doors of the corresponding coupler.
  • the seven couplers R 13 to R 19 and the associated phase shifters D 13 to D 19 of FIG. 9 are calculated so as to concentrate the power of the beam B2 towards a single input port of the couplers R 13 to R 19 .
  • the coupler R 12 and phase shifter D 12 associated in dashes concentrate the power of B1 on a single input port of the coupler R 12 .
  • the input coupler R 11 equalizes the powers for B1 and B2 at each of its "inputs" to the amplifiers (using the same method as for the coupler and the phase shifter in FIG. 7). The calculations are made on reception, the "inputs" of the couplers making, in this case, an output function according to the definition given above.
  • the power distributor comprises four directional modules (R “ 3 , D” 3 ), (R “ 3 , D” 4 ), ( R “ 5 , D” 5 ) and (R “ 6 , D” 6 ), which are interconnected like the directional modules (R ' 3 , D' 3 ) ... (R ' 6 , D' 6 ) of the figure 9.
  • the directional modules (R “ 5 , D” 5 ) and (R “ 6 , D” 6 ) are calculated, in reception mode, so as to equalize the amplitudes of the signals on each of their inputs, this for each distribution (beam) incident on elements 111 1 to 111 4 .
  • the two directional modules (R “ 3 , D” 3 ) and (R “ 4 , D” 4 ) are calculated so as to equalize the amplitudes on each of their inputs, this for each incident distribution (beam).
  • the distributions and consequently the desired beams are obtained by reciprocity from uniform amplitude distributions at the inputs of the amplifiers 114 1 to 114 4 .
  • Figure 20 shows an architecture favorite of the power distributor 63. Its advantage is to be symmetrical and not to present a crossover, such as for example those between elements R3 to R6, or R'3 to R'6 or R "3 to R" 6 in Figures 8, 9 and 13. It can be used in place of cascade distributors Figures 3a, 3b, 8, 9, 11a and 13 or even Blass matrices of Figures 1a, 1b, 2c, 2b and 11b. This architecture can also be used for many other applications: this power is in itself a power divider lossless microwave.
  • the 8 x 8 dispatcher transfer matrix is first determined using the rules of design described above, from Nb optimal distributions or "output vectors" corresponding to the aforementioned Nb beams.
  • complex distribution means below the complex conjugate of a line in the matrix of complex transfer.
  • the hybrid couples LL1, LL2 and LL3 as well as the phase shifters LD1, LD2 and LD3 are chosen so as to direct the signals coming from the first distribution and available on the antenna elements 61 1 to 61 4 towards the right input ed of the LL3 coupler.
  • the same operation is performed symmetrically at the level of the hybrid couplers RR1, RR2 and RR3 and their phase shifter RD1, RD2 and RD3, for the signals of a second distribution orthogonal to the first which are received on the other antenna elements. further to the right 61 5 to 61 8 . These signals of the second distribution are thus routed to the left input eg of RR3.
  • the following two couplers LL4 and LL5 and the corresponding phase shifters LD4 and LD5 are determined to direct the signals of the second distribution received on the antenna elements 61 1 to 61 4 to the right input ed of the coupler LL5 (the term "input "being defined in a configuration in transmission mode).
  • the two couplers RR4 and RR5 and their associated phase shifters RD4 and RD5 are determined to direct the signals of the first distribution received on the antenna elements 61 5 to 61 8 to the left input eg of the coupler RR5.
  • the coupler C1 and the associated phase shifters CDL1 and CDR1 whose outputs attack the inputs respectively right and left of LL3 and RR3, are determined to direct the signals from the first distribution which are present at the right ed entrance of LL3 to the right input port of coupler C1.
  • the signals of distribution 1 and 2 are therefore spread over four ports of entry, namely the port right ed of the coupler LL5, which in reception mode only receives signals only from the second distribution, the port left eg of the RR5 coupler which in reception mode does not receive of signals that from the first distribution, the port left input eg of coupler C1, which receives signals from the second distribution but receives no signal of the first distribution, since this is directed only to the right port ed of coupler C1, and finally the right input port ed of coupler C1, which receives first distribution signals but on which it does may be hypothesized to signal the second distribution, otherwise the dot product of these two distributions would be nonzero which would be contrary to the orthogonality criterion that has been set.
  • the LL6 coupler and its associated phase shifter LD6 are configured to direct the signals of the second distribution which are present at the port eg of C1 and to the ed port of LL5 to its right entry port ed, which constitutes the input E2, and the coupler RR6 and its DD6 associated phase shifter are configured to direct the first distribution signals, which are present on the port ed of C1 and on the port eg of RR5, on the left input port eg of RR6 which constitutes the input E1.
  • the same procedure is suitable for any even number of entry and exit.
  • Another simplified configuration of the device of the invention can be obtained by relaxing the constraint of strict equality of the signals of each beam to each amplifier module, tolerating a weak "ripple" of for example ⁇ 1 dB. Optimization components of the distributor is then done by a conventional optimization procedure by imposing a maximum "ripple" at module level amplifiers.
  • phase shifters used in the context of the present invention can also be variables to reconfigure all or part of the beams, for example if a satellite changes its coverage.
  • the power distributor must then be sized to the set of achievable beams, which are not all activated at the same time.
  • the phase shifters can be analog or quantized (digital).
  • the distributor-phase shifter 65 can operate in microwave at transmission (or reception) frequency. Amplification can be performed if necessary level of the inputs of the phase-shifter 5.
  • the distributor-phase shifter 65 can also operate at an intermediate frequency; a converter frequency is then connected to each of its Na outputs.
  • the distributor-phase shifter 65 can also be of digital type. It is then followed by converters digital / analog and possibly converters frequency.
  • the radiating sources 101 can be direct radiation and arranged on a surface by flat example (referenced 1 in fig. 12), cylindrical, conical, spherical, or on another surface.
  • the device of the invention can be combined either to a reflector 1 '(fig. 6) or to a lens.
  • the device can be combined with a system multi-reflectors or multi-lenses or a mixture of reflectors and lenses.
  • the device according to the invention can be associated either with a reflector or with a lens conformed to improve performance.
  • the device according to the invention can in particular be associated either with a reflector or with a lens oversized.
  • the surface on which the sources are located can be optimized or moved around the fireplace.
  • the essential advantage of the device is that it is able to generate exactly non-orthogonal distributions of amplitudes and phases on the radiating elements, and therefore to overcome the associated directivity losses.
  • All the amplifiers 64 can operate at (or in the vicinity of) their nominal level, which produces the best power output for the transmission whatever the conditions of allocation of channels to the beams.
  • the complexity of the device's output distributor is exactly the same as for a conventional multimode (passive) distributor designed to generate the same beams with a beam amplifier module (fig. 3, 11 a and 11 b ).
  • the flexibility to allocate power to beams with optimal amplifier performance at the emission is an intrinsic quality of the device.
  • the output distributor being lossless, the activated beams can be reconfigured by readjustment of the corresponding phases at the input of amplifiers.
  • the device In its configuration operating on reception, the device retains the advantage of increased directivity compared to conventional multimode (passive ) distributors.
  • the device of the invention provides a gain improvement from 0.42 to 1.16 dB depending on the bundles.
  • the device according to the invention Compared to the 24-hour multimeter system amplifiers, the device according to the invention provides an improvement in directivity from 0.62 to 0.75 dB depending on the beams.

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Claims (28)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Speisung einer halbaktiven Mehrfachrichtstrahlerantenne mit mehreren Quellen von dem Typ, der aufeinanderfolgend aufweist:
    a) eine Tiefpegel-Strahlformeinrichtung (65), welche Nb Eingangssignale von Strahlen in Abhängigkeit von angestrebten Abdeckungseigenschaften teilt und diese nach einer Phasenverschiebung zum Bilden von Na Ausgangssignalen an ihren Na Ausgängen kombiniert, wobei die Strahlformeinrichtung eine nicht-orthogonale Übertragungsmatrix aufweist,
    b) Na Verstärkermodule (64) zum Verstärken der Na Ausgangssignale im Ausstrahlungsmodus,
    c) einen zwischen den Na Verstärkermodulen (64) und Ne Strahlerelementen (61) angeordneten Ausgangsleistungsverteiler (63) mit einer orthogonalen Übertragungsmatrix,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nb ≤ Na ≤ Ne, und daß die orthogonale Übertragungsfunktion des Leistungsverteilers (63) derart ist, daß sie den Übergang zwischen einerseits Nb Verteilungen am Eingang des Leistungsverteilers (63), wobei die Amplitude der Na Signale im wesentlichen für jeden der Nb Strahlen gleich ist und die Phase der Na Signale mindestens die Bedingung einer Gleichheit der paarweise betrachteten Skalarprodukte der Nb Anregungsvektoren am Eingang des Leistungsverteilers (63) und der paarweise betrachteten Skalarprodukte der entsprechenden Nb Ausgangsanregungsvektoren erfüllt, und anderseits Nb vorgegebenen Ausgangsverteilungen gestattet.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Eingang des Leistungsverteilers die Phase der Signale, die einer der Nb Verteilungen entsprechen, Null ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsverteiler mindestens ein Richtmodul mit einem Richtkoppler mit zwei Eingängen und zwei Ausgängen und mit einem gegebenen Richtwirkungsverhältnis r aufweist, sowie mindestens ein zugeordnetes Phasenschieberelement, das mit einem Ausgang des Richtkopplers gekoppelt ist, wobei der Ausgang des Phasenschiebers einen ersten Ausgang des Richtkopplers darstellt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsverteiler [(Ne - 1) + (Ne - 2) + ... + (Ne - Na)] Richtmodule aufweist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nb = Na.
  6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nb = Na = Ne = 2, und daß der Leistungsverteiler (63) ein einziges Richtmodul (731, 732) mit einem Richtkoppler (732) mit einem gegebenen Richtwirkungsverhältnis r, dessen Eingänge mit den Ausgängen der Verstärkermodule (74) gekoppelt sind, und einem zwischen einem Ausgang des Richtkopplers (732) und einem der beiden Strahlerelemente (71) angeordneten Phasenschieberelement (731) aufweist, wobei der weitere Ausgang des Richtkopplers (732) direkt mit dem weiteren Strahlerelement verbunden ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nb = Na = 2, daß Ne ≥ 4, und daß der Richtverteiler mindestens fünf Richtmodule aufweist, von denen jedes einen Richtkoppler mit einem gegebenen Richtwirkungsverhältnis r aufweist, deren Eingänge die Eingänge des Richtmoduls darstellen, und an einem ersten Eingang ein ihm zugeordnetes Phasenschieberelement aufweist, wobei der erste Ausgang des Richtmoduls aus dem Ausgang des zugeordneten Phasenschieberelementes besteht.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie fünf Richtmodule aufweist, nämlich ein erstes Richtmodul (R'2, D'2), das einen mit dem Ausgang eines ersten Verstärkermoduls (84'2) verbundenen Eingang aufweist, und dessen erster und zweiter Ausgang mit einem Eingang eines zweiten (R'4, D'4) bzw. eines dritten (R'3, D'3) Richtmoduls verbunden sind, wobei das dritte Richtmodul (R'3, D'3) ebenfalls einen zweiten Eingang aufweist, der mit dem Ausgang eines zweiten Verstärkermoduls (84'1) verbunden ist, der erste und der zweite Ausgang des zweiten Richtmoduls (R'4, D'4) mit einem ersten Eingang eines vierten Richtmoduls (R'6, D'6) bzw. eines fünften Richtmoduls (R'5, D'5) verbunden sind, der erste und der zweite Ausgang des dritten Richtmoduls (R'3, D'3) mit einem zweiten Eingang des fünften (R'5, D'5) bzw. des vierten (R'6, D'6) Richtmoduls verbunden sind, und die Ausgänge des vierten (R'6, D'6) und fünften (R'5, D'5) Richtmoduls jeweils mit einem Strahlerelement (81'1, 81'2, 81'3, 81'4) verbunden sind.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Richtwirkungsverhältnis r des ersten Richtkopplers (R'1) des ersten Richtmoduls (R'2, D'2) und die Phasendifferenz des ihm zugeordneten Phasenschieberelementes (D'2) derart sind, daß im Empfangsmodus die Leistung an den beiden Eingangsanschlüssen des ersten Richtmoduls (R'2, D'2) für jeden der beiden Strahlen (B1, B2) gleich ist, daß das Richtwirkungsverhältnis r der Richtkoppler (R'5, R'6) des vierten (R'6, D'6) und fünften (R'5, D'5) Richtmoduls und die Phasendifferenzen ihrer zugeordneten Phasenschieberelemente (D'5, D'6) derart sind, daß die dem ersten Strahl (B1) entsprechende Leistung im Empfangsmodus auf einen einzigen ihrer Eingangsanschlüsse konzentriert ist, daß das Verhältnis r des Phasenschieberelementes (R'3) des dritten Richtmoduls (R'3, D'3) und die Phasendifferenz des zugeordneten Phasenschieberelementes (D'3) derart sind, daß die dem ersten Strahl (B1) entsprechende Leistung auf seinen zweiten Eingang konzentriert ist, und daß das Richtwirkungsverhältnis r des Richtkopplers (R'2, R'4) des ersten (R'2, D'2) und des zweiten (R'4, D'4) Richtmoduls und die Phasendifferenzen der ihnen zugeordneten Phasenschieberelemente (D'2, D'4) derart sind, daß die Ausgangsleistung des zweiten Strahls (B2) im Empfangsmodus auf einen einzigen ihrer Eingangsanschlüsse konzentriert ist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nb = Na = 2, daß Ne = 8, und daß der Richtverteiler neun Richtmodule aufweist, von denen ein jedes einen Richtkoppler mit einem gegebenen Richtwirkungsverhältnis r aufweist, deren Eingänge die Eingänge des Richtmoduls darstellen, und an einem ersten Ausgang ein ihm zugeordnetes Phasenschieberelement aufweist, wobei der Ausgang des zugeordneten Phasenschieberelementes den ersten Ausgang des Richtmoduls darstellt, der Ausgang eines ersten (R16, D16), zweiten (R17, D17), dritten (R18, D18) und vierten (R19, D19) Ausgangsrichtmoduls jeweils mit einem Strahlerelement (911, .... 918) verbunden ist, die Eingänge eines Eingangsrichtmoduls (R11, D11) mit den Ausgängen von Verstärkermodulen (94) verbunden sind, und ein erstes (R12, D12), zweites (R13, D13), drittes (R14, D14) und viertes (R15, D15) Zwischenrichtmodul in Kaskadenschaltung angeordnet sind, ein Eingang des ersten Zwischenrichtmoduls (R12, D12) mit dem zweiten Ausgang des Eingangsrichtmoduls (R11, D11) gekoppelt ist, sein erster und zweiter Ausgang mit einem Eingang des vierten Ausgangsrichtmoduls (R19, D19) bzw. mit einem Eingang des zweiten Zwischenrichtmoduls (R13, D13) gekoppelt sind, ein Eingang des zweiten Zwischenmoduls (R13, D13) mit dem ersten Ausgang des Eingangsrichtmoduls (R11, D11) gekoppelt ist und sein erster und zweiter Ausgang mit einem Eingang des vierten Ausgangsrichtmoduls (R19, D19) bzw. mit einem Eingang des dritten Zwischenrichtmoduls (R14, D14) gekoppelt sind, der erste und der zweite Ausgang des dritten Zwischenrichtmoduls (R14, D14) mit einem Eingang des vierten Zwischenrichtmoduls (R15, D15) bzw. mit einem Eingang des dritten Ausgangsrichtmoduls (R18, D18) gekoppelt sind, und der erste und der zweite Ausgang des vierten Zwischenrichtmoduls (R15, D15) mit einem Eingang des zweiten (R15, D15) bzw. des ersten (R16, D16) Ausgangsrichtmoduls gekoppelt sind.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verhältnisse r der Ausgangskoppler und des zweiten (R13, D13), dritten (R14, D14) und vierten (R15, D15) Zwischenrichtmoduls wie auch die Phasendifferenzen der ihnen zugeordneten Phasenschieberelemente so gewählt sind, daß im Empfangsmodus die einem Richtstrahl entsprechende Leistung auf einen einzigen ihrer Eingangsanschlüsse konzentriert ist, während das Verhältnis r des Richtkopplers des ersten Zwischenrichtmoduls (R12, D12) und die Phasendifferenz des ihm zugeordneten Phasenschieberelementes derart sind, daß sie im Empfangsmodus die Leistung eines nicht-gerichteten Strahls auf einen einzigen ihrer Eingangsanschlüsse konzentrieren, und das Verhältnis r des Richtkopplers des Eingangsphasenschiebermoduls (R11, D11) und die Phasendifferenz des ihm zugeordneten Phasenschieberelementes derart sind, daß die Leistungen für die beiden Strahlen an den Eingängen des Eingangsphasenschiebermodul (R11, D11) und somit an den Ausgängen der beiden Verstärkermodule (94) gleich sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Nb = 2, Na = 4 und Ne = 4, und daß sie ein erstes (R"3, D"3) und ein zweites (R"4, D"4) stromaufwärtiges Richtmodul aufweist, deren Eingänge jeweils mit einem Ausgang eines Verstärkermoduls (1141, 1142, 1143, 1144) verbunden sind, sowie ein erstes (R"5, D"5) und ein zweites (R"-6, D"6) stromabwärtiges Richtmodul, deren Ausgänge mit den Strahlerelementen (1111, 1112, 1113, 1114) verbunden sind, daß der erste und der zweite Ausgang des ersten stromaufwärtigen Richtmoduls (R"3, D"3) mit einem Eingang des ersten (R"5, D"5) bzw. des zweiten (R"6, D"6) stromabwärtigen Richtmoduls verbunden ist, und daß der erste und der zweite Ausgang des zweiten stromaufwärtigen Richtmoduls (R"4, D"4) mit einem Eingang des zweiten (R"6, D"6) bzw. des ersten (R"5, D"5) stromabwärtigen Richtmoduls verbunden ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis r und die Phasendifferenz des ersten (R"5, D"5) und des zweiten (R"6, D"6) stromabwärtigen Richtmoduls derart sind, daß im Empfangsmodus die Amplituden der Signale an jedem ihrer Eingänge für jeden der beiden einfallenden Strahlen (B1, B2) gleich sind, und daß das Verhältnis r und die Phasendifferenz des ersten (R"3, D"3) und des zweiten (R"4, D"4) stromaufwärtigen Richtmoduls derart sind, daß im Empfangsmodus die Amplituden der Signale an ihren Eingängen für jeden der beiden einfallenden Strahlen (B1, B2) gleich sind.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ausgangsleistungsverteiler (63) eine Mehrzahl von Phasenschiebermodulen aufweist, darunter mindestens ein Eingangsmodul, dessen Eingänge mit den Ausgängen der Verstärkermodule (64) verbunden sind, und dadurch, daß die Richtwirkung des bzw. der Eingangsmodule derart ist, daß für jeden Strahl die Leistung an jedem der Eingänge des bzw. der Eingangsphasenschiebermodule gleich ist, und dadurch, daß das bzw. die weiteren Phasenschiebermodule diese Bedingung nicht erfüllen.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsverteiler (63) eine Mehrzahl von Richtmodulen mit einem Richtkoppler (LL1 ... LL12; RR1 ... RR12; C1 ... C3) mit zwei Eingängen und zwei Ausgängen aufweist, der im Fall eines Richtmoduls von einem ersten Typ (LL1 ... LL12; RR1 ... RR12) ein an einem einzigen der beiden Ausgänge des Richtkopplers (LL1 ... LL12; RR1 ... RR12) angeordnetes Phasenschieberelement (LD1 ... LD12; RD1 ... RD12) aufweist, wobei der Ausgang des Phasenschiebers den Ausgang des Moduls darstellt, und im Fall eines Richtmoduls von einem zweiten Typ (C1 ... C3; CDL1... CDL3, CDR1 ... CDR3), ein an jedem der beiden Ausgänge des Richtkopplers (C1 ... C3) angeordnetes Phasenschieberelement (CDL1... CDL3; CDR1... CDR3), wobei die Ausgänge der Phasenschieber die Ausgänge des Moduls darstellen; und dadurch, daß sie in symmetrischer und kreuzungsfreier Kaskadenanordnung eine Mittellinie mit mindestens einem Richtmodul (C1 ... C3; CDL1...CDL3; CDR1 ... CDR3) vom zweiten Typ aufweist, wobei diese Mittellinie symmetrisch von mindestens einer linken Linie (LL1 ... LL12; LD1 ... LD12) und mindestens einer rechten Linie (RR1 ... RR12; RD1 ... RD12) von Richtmodulen vom ersten Typ umgeben ist, die in kreuzungsfreier Kaskadenanordnung angeordnet sind, mindestens zwei Richtmodule (LL6, LD6, RR6, RD6) vom ersten Typ, welche Eingangsmodule mit mindestens einem Eingang darstellen, welche die Na Eingänge (E1, E2 ... E8) des Leistungsverteilers darstellen, und daß sie Richtmodule vom ersten Typ aufweist, welche Ausgangsmodule (LL1, LL2, LL3, RR1, RR2, RR3) darstellen und mindestens einen Ausgang aufweisen, der mit einem Eingang der Ne Antennenelemente (611 .... 618) verbunden ist.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Phasenschieberelement (LD1 ... LD12; RD1 ... RD12) der Richtmodule vom ersten Typ, die auf einer gleichen Seite bzw. links (LL1 ... LL12; LD1 ... LD12) oder rechts (RR1 ... RR12; RD1 ... RD12) bezüglich der Mittellinie angeordnet sind, jeweils im linken bzw. rechten Ausgang ihres Richtkopplers (LL1 ... LL12, RR1 ... RR12) angeordnet ist.
  17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei den Richtmodulen vom ersten Typ (LL4 ... LL11; LD4 ... LD11), bei denen es sich weder um Eingangs- noch Ausgangsmodule handelt, und die auf der linken Seite bezüglich der Mittellinie angeordnet sind, mindestens ihr rechter Eingang (ed) mit dem linken Ausgang (sg) eines stromaufwärtigen Richtmoduls verbunden ist, und symmetrisch dazu umgekehrt bei den rechtsseitig angeordneten Modulen (RR4 ... RR11; RD4 ... RD11).
  18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei den Richtmodulen vom ersten Typ (LL4, LL7, LL9, LL11; LD4, LD7, LD9, LD11), bei denen es sich weder um Eingangs- noch Ausgangsmodule handelt, und die auf einer links außen bezüglich der Mittellinie befindlichen Linie angeordnet sind, ihr linker Eingang (eg) mit dem linken Ausgang (sg) eines stromaufwärtigen Richtmoduls verbunden ist und ihr rechter Eingang (ed) mit dem linken Ausgang (sg) eines weiteren stromaufwärtigen Richtmoduls verbunden ist, und symmetrisch dazu umgekehrt bei den rechtsseitig angeordneten Modulen (RR4, RR7, RR9, RR11, RD4, RD7, RD9, RD11).
  19. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens ein Phasenschieberelement variabel ist, so daß eine mindestens teilweise Konfigurierung der Strahlen ermöglicht wird.
  20. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlformeinrichtung (65) auf einer Zwischenfrequenz in bezug auf die Sende-/Empfangsfrequenz der Vorrichtung arbeitet, und daß sie an jedem ihrer Na Ausgänge einen Frequenzwandler aufweist.
  21. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlformeinrichtung (65) auf der Sende-/Empfangsfrequenz der Vorrichtung arbeitet.
  22. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Strahlformeinrichtung (65) digital ist und am Ausgang D/A-Wandler aufweist.
  23. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gleichheit zwischen den Amplituden der Na Signale für jeden der Nb Strahlen unter Tolerierung einer geringen Welligkeit in der Größenordnung von ± 1dB zwischen den Na Signalen verwirklicht ist.
  24. Antenne, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Fokussiereinrichtung aufweist, mit mindestens einem Reflektor und/oder mindestens einer Linse und einer Speisungseinrichtung gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die ihr zugeordneten Ne Strahlerelemente bezüglich der Fokussiereinrichtung so angeordnet sind, daß eine Fokussierung beim Senden und/oder beim Empfang erzielt wird.
  25. Verfahren zum Bestimmen der Übertragungsfunktion des Ausgangsleistungsverteilers einer Vorrichtung zum Speisen einer halbaktiven Mehrfachrichtstrahlerantenne mit mehreren Quellen von dem Typ, der aufeinanderfolgend aufweist:
    a) eine Tiefpegel-Strahlformeinrichtung, welche Nb Eingangssignale von Strahlen in Abhängigkeit von angestrebten Abdeckungseigenschaften teilt und und diese zum Bilden von Na Ausgangssignalen an ihren Na Ausgängen kombiniert, wobei die Strahlformeinrichtung eine nicht-orthogonale Übertragungsmatrix aufweist,
    b) Na Verstärkermodule zum Verstärken der Na Ausgangssignale im Ausstrahlungsmodus,
    c) den Ausgangsleistungsverteiler, der zwischen den Na Verstärkermodulen und Ne Strahlerelemente angeordnet ist, und eine orthogonale Übertragungsmatrix aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden Schritte aufweist, wobei Nb ≤ Na ≤ Ne:
    Auferlegen der Bedingung für die Na Amplituden der Verteilungen am Eingang des Leistungsverteilers, daß sie für jeden der Nb Strahlen gleich sind,
    Ableiten daraus von Nb(Nb-1) Gleichheiten der paarweise betrachteten komplexen Skalarprodukte, der Nb komplexen Anregungsvektoren am Eingang des Verteilers und der Nb Ausgangsanregungsvektoren,
    Bestimmen der Phasen der Eingangssignale entweder direkt oder mittels eines Optimierungsprogramms,
    Ableiten der Übertragungsfunktion des Verteilers daraus.
  26. Verfahren nach Anspruch 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Eingang des Leistungsverteilers die Phasen der Signale, die einer der Nb Verteilungen entsprechen, Null sind.
  27. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 25 oder 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsverteiler mindestens ein Richtmodul mit einem Richtkoppler mit zwei Eingängen und mit einem gegebenen Richtwirkungsverhältnis r, sowie ein mit einem Ausgang des Richtkopplers gekoppeltes, zugeordnetes Phasenschieberelement aufweist.
  28. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Leistungsverteiler [(Ne -1) + (Ne - 2) + (Ne - Na)] Richtmodule aufweist.
EP96400526A 1995-03-20 1996-03-14 Vorrichtung zur Speisung einer Mehrstrahl-Gruppenantenne Expired - Lifetime EP0734093B1 (de)

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CA2172013A1 (fr) 1996-09-21
US5736963A (en) 1998-04-07
DE69613035D1 (de) 2001-07-05
FR2732163B1 (fr) 1997-05-30
EP0734093A1 (de) 1996-09-25
FR2732163A1 (fr) 1996-09-27
JPH09116334A (ja) 1997-05-02

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