Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
  • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
  • E04C1/395—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
  • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
  • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
  • E04B2002/0265—Building elements for making arcuate walls

Definitions

• the invention relates to a shaped body, in particular made of concrete, for landscaping or garden design according to the preamble of claim 1.
• Concrete moldings are known in a wide variety of designs and sizes.
• concrete paving stones and palisades can have the same geometric cross-section despite a very different height, ie the top view of the palisade can e.g. B. be the same or similar to a paving stone geometry. Due to their greater height, palisades are used as a lateral border on paths, embankment supports or raised beds or the like.
• the invention has for its object to propose or design a shaped body for a wide variety of applications and in particular as a palisade, trough or embankment element, in which a spatial overlap of strung together shaped bodies takes place.
• the shaped body should be usable in a conception adapted to one another as a palisade, edge boundary, wall closure, embankment element or as a trough, with a geometric adaptation of the adjacent elements always taking place.
• the molded concrete body according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage over known designs that, on the one hand, because of the overall approximately rectangular cross-section, a planar laying is possible in its front view.
• the concrete molded body therefore behaves similarly to a rectangular shaped body when laying, ie flat and curved surfaces can also be laid.
• the peculiarity of the Shaped body lies in the individually arranged nose-shaped connecting surfaces which connect the shaped bodies, some of which interlock positively, but the mobility of the shaped stones about a vertical axis of rotation remains, so that a curve can be laid.
• a positive fit is also maintained if the shaped bodies vary to a certain extent in their distance from one another. The moldings therefore do not need to be exactly in the grid dimension to ensure the positive connection.
• a vertical contact plane in the laying direction which serves as a form-fitting stop surface and against which the shaped bodies lie in an overlapping manner in their contact surfaces.
• the connection surface perpendicular to the laying direction which is otherwise customary in the case of rectangular stone cross-sections, is placed in the laying direction in the present invention, so that a positive overlap of the shaped bodies is provided in the laying direction. If the form-fitting connecting surface is formed in a particularly slightly arcuate manner, it can more easily form a certain pivot point or a rotating surface for an arch-like laying of the shaped bodies.
• connection surfaces of the molded bodies accordingly form two Z-shaped surfaces which form a common connecting line in the middle.
• design variants of the shaped body are possible. These relate in particular to a geometric change in the basic shape, which can be either more diamond-shaped or more trapezoidal. Furthermore, a corner part is provided according to the invention in order to achieve a 90 ° deflection.
• the width of the shaped bodies can vary with respect to their center line, symmetrical or asymmetrical shaped bodies being provided, but each of which can be laid in a manner compatible with one another.
• a special feature of the invention therefore lies in the mutual arrangement of lateral connection surfaces, whereby nose-shaped connection surfaces are created by lateral displacement of trapezoidal base sides that fall into one another, but do not lie against one another in a completely positive manner.
• a molded body system according to the invention can be laid in a grid dimension, so that a perfect planning and laying of the molded body is possible.
• the shaped body can in particular be designed as a palisade with a full cross section or as a hollow slope element with or without a floor.
• the use as a trough for planting and as a U-stone is also possible. Basically, the same basic geometric shape is retained.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a row of molded concrete bodies in palisade form or as embankment support in a first embodiment, wherein
• Fig. 2 is a plan view of a
• Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the
• Fig. 4 shows a further shaping variant of the
• Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of FIG. 4 in an asymmetrical design.
• Fig. 6 shows a first basic shape of the shaped body as a trough or slope element
• FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment variant of a trough or embankment element.
• 11a, 11b a slope wall in a linear design with trough stone, U-stone and palisade in front and rear view,
• 13c, 13d a curved slope wall with structural elements as in FIG. 11 with trough stones or U-stones as arch elements in different views.
• FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of palisades which contain two different designs.
• the various palisade types shown in the drawings are designated by reference numerals 1 to 5.
• three "normal palisades” 1 are slightly arched side by side, two of which are Connect “corner palisades” 3 to form a right-angled heel.
• Two further "normal palisades” 1 form the front continuation of the corner palisades.
• 1 a shows a normal palisade
• FIG. 1 b shows a corner palisade 3.
• Each palisade 1, 3 has a height H of, for example, up to 3 m, with an arbitrarily shorter construction.
• the front 6 and the back 7 of the palisade 1 lie in a straight installation in planes oriented parallel to one another, as is also shown in the top row of FIG. 2 as a top view of such a palisade arrangement.
• the front level is designated by reference number 8, the rear level by reference number 9.
• the structure of the palisades 1, 3 is explained in more detail using a plan view of such a palisade arrangement.
• a center line 10 is drawn in due to the aligned arrangement, which is also shown as a vertical longitudinal center plane in the laying direction 12 of the palisades.
• 10 transverse lines 11 are also drawn perpendicular to the central longitudinal plane. The intersection of the planes 10, 11 is designated by reference numeral 24.
• a grid dimension "a” can accordingly be defined in the laying direction (arrow 12), which is represented as the distance of the transverse lines 11 from one another.
• the lateral connection surfaces 13, 14 oriented transversely to this are approximately diamond-shaped, ie aligned obliquely, which can be represented by the two parallel inclined planes 15, 16, which form an angle W 105 ° with respect to the front surface 6 or front plane 8 and with respect to the rear 7 or rear plane 9.
• these oblique diamond surfaces or diamond planes 15, 16 extend to the center line of symmetry 10. This applies to an upper diamond section 17 of the lateral connecting surface 13 shown on the right in FIG.
• each nose-shaped surface section 18, 18 ' has a surface section 19, 19' lying in a common plane and, in particular, aligned in the vertical longitudinal center plane 10, which lie positively on one another.
• this surface section 19, 19 ' is designed to be level, so that the adjacent palisades 1, 1' have a possible contact plane 19, 19 'which extends over the entire height H and which is somewhat shorter Form overlapping surface section, which is indicated in Fig. 2 with reference numeral 20.
• the entire width of the Surface section 19, 19 ' is designated by reference symbol "e", the maximum overlap region 20 being able to assume approximately the size "e”.
• the surface section 19, 19 'of the nose-shaped surface sections 18, 18' is followed by a further rounding 21 with a further surface section 22, 22 ', which in turn has the front 6 or the associated front plane 8 and the rear 7 or the associated rear plane 9 an angle ⁇ _ ⁇ , ⁇ . 105 ° includes.
• This recessed arrangement of the surface sections 22, 22 ' forms a palisade shape, which can also be described in cross-section or in plan view from two trapezoidal surface sections which always touch on their wider base sides or are reflected on the vertical longitudinal plane 10 which, however, are laterally offset from each other by the amount "e". If the lower trapezoid 23 is rotated in FIG. 2 about the center 24 (pivot point) by 180 °, the upper trapezoid 23 'is obtained. The normal palisade shape 1 consequently results from two mutually mirror-image but offset mutually trapezoidal sections 23, 23 '.
• the mirror plane is the trapezoid base side or the longitudinal center plane 10.
• the nose-shaped surface sections 18, 18 ' are arranged diametrically to one another.
• the grid dimension a is measured in each case from the middle contact point 25, that is to say the middle of the distance e or the distance 20, which also presents itself as the middle point of the contact surface section 19, 19 ′.
• the grid dimension a is also the distance between the transverse lines 11 from one another.
• the width of the palisade 1 is designated by "b", the longitudinal center line 10 being arranged at a distance b / 2.
• the width b can e.g. B. be dimensioned with b ⁇ & 200 mm.
• the palisade 1 according to FIG. 2 is referred to as a "symmetrical palisade” or "normal palisade”, since it consists essentially of two mirror images, but with their base sides 45, 45 'laterally offset from one another with approximately the same height b / 2 is constructed.
• a so-called “asymmetrical palisade” 2 is formed by the fact that the trapezoidal cross sections 23, 23 "arranged in mirror image to one another have different surface areas or trapezoidal heights.
• the lower trapezoidal cross section 23 is of the same design as the corresponding surface section 23 in FIG. 2.
• the upper trapezoidal cross section 23 "has a height h> hi, where h 2 c / 2 is.
• the palisade stone shape 2 is rotated by 180 ° around the center or fulcrum 24, so that the larger trapezoidal section 23 "is at the bottom and the smaller trapezoidal section 23 is at the top shown on the left in FIG. 3
• Palisade 2 ′′ arranged in the same way as palisade 2 shown on the right, ie with a larger trapezoidal cross section 23 "in the upper half of the picture and a smaller trapezoidal area 23 in the lower half of the picture.
• Such an” asymmetrical “arrangement of successive palisades each results in a dimension" f "set back front 6 or back 7 so that there is no uniform front level 8 or rear level 9.
• the shape of the "asymmetrical" palisade 2 is basically the same as that of the "symmetrical" palisade 1, i.e. two trapezoidal cross-sections, which are arranged in mirror image relative to one another, are laterally offset from one another in order to form the nose-shaped surface sections 18, 18 'in the central connecting surface area, which each serve for a lateral positive overlap.
• the same parts are identified by the same reference numerals.
• the palisade arrangement according to the invention is supplemented by a "corner palisade" 3, as shown in FIG. 2 in the left half of the picture in a triple arrangement to represent several right angles.
• this essentially consists of four sections, which are characterized as follows.
• the axis cross 10 ', 11' in turn builds up a grid dimension a or b in order to be able to integrate the corner part 3 into a grid dimension.
• the surface area 26 of the upper corner part 3 arranged on the right of the transverse axis 11 ' is constructed essentially the same as the area of the two palisades 1, 1' provided on the right of the transverse center line 11 in FIG. 2.
• an auxiliary line 27 is drawn in the front plane 8. This right-hand surface section 26 therefore adjoins the palisade 1 'to the right of it in grid dimension a / 2 up to the transverse line 11'.
• a further surface section 28 is provided at the corner part 3, which connects to the left of the transverse line 11' and below the longitudinal median plane 10 'and has a surface area or a cross-sectional shape, such as this the upper left or lower right trapezoidal section laterally corresponds to the transverse center lines 11 of the two trapezoids 23, 23 '.
• the surface section 28 accordingly also forms the grid dimension a / 2 up to the contact point 25, in the contact plane 19, 19 'now running at right angles to the longitudinal center plane 10.
• the surface section 28 accordingly also has a nose-shaped surface section 18 ', which serves for the positive overlap of two adjacent palisades.
• the upper corner palisade 3 is followed by a further corner palisade 3 'underneath as a top view of the palisade arrangement.
• the upper corner palisade 3 shown in FIG. 2 is completed by the upper, square surface section 29 with the edge length b / 2, in order to give the corner palisade 3 a harmonious, essentially roughly square cross section.
• the surface section 30 drawn in below the auxiliary line 27 with an oblique connecting line 31 serves to harmoniously perfect the corner palisade 3.
• the two flat side surfaces are designated by reference numerals 32, 33.
• FIG. 2 further shows, several corner palisades can be harmoniously arranged in a row one behind the other the grid system a, b can be integrated.
• the palisade 3 can be brought into a wide variety of positions depending on the rotation about the center of rotation 24 ', with a grid dimension a / 2 + b / 2 being set, from which the laying system is continued. This is evident from a four-fold stringing together of the corner palisades 3 in the left half of the figure in FIG. 2.
• the same parts are again identified by the same reference numerals.
• FIG. 2 shows three palisades 1 adjoining a corner palisade 3, which overlap in a form-fitting manner, and which describe a curve along line 34 in an arcuate arrangement. Due to the overlapping of the palisades in the area of the nose-shaped sections 18, 18 ', it is therefore also possible to achieve greater curvatures of the palisade arrangement without problems, without there being a viewing gap between individual palisades.
• the palisades 1 to 3 can have on their visible surfaces 6, 7, ie on the front and rear or on two visible corner sides 32, 33 of the corner palisade 3, two indentations 35, 35 'which are trapezoidal in cross section in order to give the front side a relaxed appearance or to get the back. Due to its shorter length, the visible surface 33 of the corner part 3 contains only one indentation 35 '. An indentation 35 'is arranged immediately next to the transverse center line 11 or 11', while the other trapezoidal indentation 35 "is located in the central region of the side region remaining to the side of the transverse center line 11.
• a supplementary stone to the present invention is in the
• FIG. 4 shows a palisade 4 in a "symmetrical design" and FIG. 5 shows a palisade 5 in an "asymmetrical design”.
• the symmetrical palisade 4 shown in FIG. 4 is generally reflected on the transverse center line 11, which is designed as a symmetry line 11.
• the nose-shaped surface sections 18 for forming the overlap surfaces are therefore generally arranged in the exemplary embodiment of the palisade 4 in FIG. 4 on one side of the trapezoidal surface sections 36 and not dieametrically opposite.
• the palisade 4 is therefore formed by a trapezoid 36 with a larger cross section with nose-shaped surface sections 18 arranged on both sides, to which a smaller trapezoid cross section 37 is assigned, the trapezoid cross sections 36, 37 along the longitudinal central plane 10 touching with their wider base sides.
• FIG. 5 shows the "asymmetrical" embodiment of the palisade according to FIG. 4, as is described analogously to FIG. 3.
• the palisades 5 are then in turn arranged one after the other rotated by 180 ° around the center 24, so that there is an offset in the front or rear surface by the amount "f".
• FIG. 3. 5 is therefore in the longitudinal dimension "a” and the modular dimension "c" in the transverse direction.
• FIGS. 4 and 5 the same parts are identified in FIGS. 4 and 5 with the same reference numerals, which are described for FIGS. 2 and 3.
• the total length "d" of the cross-sectional shape of the palisades 1, 2, 4, 5 shown in plan view is designated by reference symbol "d", where d _ * > a + 2 xe / 2.
• the shaped concrete body is designed as a trough or as an embankment element 40, 41, the geometric shapes of the palisades described above being basically retained.
• 6 shows a shaped concrete block 40 designed as a trough or slope element, which has essentially the same cross-sectional shape as the palisades 1, 2 in FIGS. 1 to 3.
• the shaped concrete body 41 designed as a trough or slope element has a cross-sectional shape, which corresponds to the cross section of the palisade 4, 5 described for FIGS. 4 and 5. This applies in particular to the respective lateral connection surfaces 13, 14, so that reference is expressly made to the description of the preceding figures.
• the shaped concrete blocks 40, 41 according to FIGS. 6 and 7 are provided with a cavity 42 in their interior, wherein the respective shaped concrete block can be designed with or without a base plate 43. If necessary, a base plate 43 can also be inserted separately into the otherwise bottomless concrete block 40, 41, for which purpose floor support elements, not shown, can be provided.
• the shaped concrete blocks 40, 41 can in turn be put together side by side in a form-fitting manner, as described for FIGS. 1 to 5. However, they can also be arranged one above the other and in particular offset, in order to serve as a slope wall.
• the floor area can be provided entirely, partially or not at all with a corresponding floor plate 43 in order to bring about plant growth or connection to the soil.
• the elements 40, 41 can of course also be used alone as a trough.
• the vertical inner walls 44 of the shaped elements 40, 41 can also be conically tapering downward, in order to possibly obtain a support for a base element 43 to be used.
• the palisades according to FIGS. 1 to 5 and the trough shapes or embankment elements according to FIGS. 6 and 7 can be used in a uniform system for the design of landscaping or gardens.
• the grid dimension "a" proposed in FIGS. 1 to 5 in the size of e.g. a _. 1/3 meter can e.g. B. in the stone element according to FIGS. 6 and 7, each trough 40, 41 e.g. the system dimension 3a, i.e. has approximately the system length of one meter.
• the width of the elements 40, 41 can be approximately three times the width b of the palisades 1, 4. B ß? 200 mm selected.
• the height of the stone elements 40, 41 can be adapted to the required heights.
• the height H ⁇ W can be 60 cm to 1 m.
• the palisades described in Figures 1 to 4 can have a total height H _. 3 m or less.
• the palisades can also have the dimensions of conventional concrete paving stones in cross section.
• the shaped concrete blocks according to the invention can be made of concrete or polymer concrete, i.e. be made of resin-based concrete. However, they can also be made from all other suitable materials.
• the shaped concrete blocks according to FIGS. 1 to 5 can also be equipped as palisades with an internal cavity in order to save weight, particularly in the case of high palisades.
• the inner cavity of the concrete blocks can also be used to hold reinforcement in order to strengthen the system.
• the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 7 relate to a basic geometric shape of the shaped body in which essentially two trapezoidal cross sections 23, 23 'of approximately the same size are joined together with their base sides 45, 45', with a lateral offset for producing the nose-shaped surface sections 18 of the base areas by the dimension "e" (see FIGS. 2, 3).
• This basic geometric concept was also retained in the trough according to FIG. 6.
• FIGS. 8 to 13 the surface areas of these adjacent trapezoids are designed very differently. For this purpose, reference is first made to FIG. 10a.
• 10a shows, for example, four individual palisades 1 corresponding to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in a 90 ° arrangement in plan view. Due to the V-shaped cutouts 38, 39 (see FIG. 2), the palisades can be laid in a curve without any problems, so that the lateral connection surfaces 13, 14 abut one another.
• Such palisades can, as shown in FIG. 10 a, be supplemented by a modified trough stone 47 or a U-stone 48, which basically have the same geometric shape as the palisades 1.
• the trough stone 47 consists of an upper, trapezoidal surface section 23 with the imaginary base 45 and the trapezoidal height h ⁇ .
• This surface 23, which is trapezoidal in plan view, is in turn assigned a second trapezoidal surface 23 ', with the imaginary base side 45' and the trapezoidal height h 2 .
• the trapezoid base sides 45, 45 ' are laterally offset from one another.
• the dimension of this offset is represented by "e"', ie the transverse symmetry lines 11, 11' of the two trapezoidal cross sections 23, 23 'are laterally displaced by the dimension "e”' to form the nose-shaped surface sections 18, 18 '.
• this dividing line 10 'lies between the trapezoidal surface sections 23, 23' at the trough stone 47 in the edge region of the stone.
• the height h ⁇ of the trapezoidal surface 23 is therefore substantially smaller than the trapezoidal height h of the surface section 23 ', the ratio hi: h j _> 1: 5.
• the nose-shaped surface section 18 of the palisade 1 can be connected to the nose-shaped section 18 of the trapezoidal surface section 23 of the trough stone 47 interact in the same way as has already been described for FIGS. 1 to 3. Due to the very different sizes of the palisade 1 and the trough stone 47, however, the eccentricity "e"'is approximately twice as large as the eccentricity "e” in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
• 10a also shows the trough-shaped recess or the cavity 22 of the trough stone 47 in a top view. This cavity 42 is located entirely in the lower trapezoidal surface section 23 '.
• the trough stone 47 also contains, analogously to the embodiment of the palisade 1, trapezoidal indentations 35, 35 'on the front 6' or on the rear 7 'in order to produce a uniform appearance.
• the U-stone 48 additionally shown in FIG. 10a differs from the trough stone 47 only in that the lower wall section 49 shown in FIG. 10a Back 7 'along the dashed line 50 is omitted. This results in a design of the U-stone 48 which is open towards the rear. This inner cavity is designated by 42 '.
• FIGS. 8a, 8b show the trough stone 47 from FIG. 10a in a perspective view.
• the trapezoidal indentations 35 on the front side 6 ' are designed deeper than the indentations 35' on the rear side 7 '.
• the height I13 of the trapezoidal indentation 35 is approximately 1/2 h ⁇ . H. half the height of the trapezoid 23 of the trough stone 47.
• FIG. 10a The U-stone 48 according to FIG. 10a is reproduced in a perspective representation from two views in FIGS. 9a, 9b. Like FIG. 8a, FIG. 9a shows the back 7 'and FIGS. 8b and 9b the front 6' of the respective stone.
• FIG. 10b shows a top view of four trough stones 47 which are formed at a right angle in a curve laying and which in turn can be followed by palisades 1 for continuing masonry or an embankment arrangement. Due to the geometrical design of the trapezoidal surface sections offset from one another, the trough stones can also be laid in an angular arrangement, the lateral connecting surfaces 13, 14 of adjacent elements in turn being able to touch.
• the lower wall section 49 is designed to be variable, ie it can be removed at the dividing line 50 in order to possibly produce a U-stone 48 from the trough stone 47.
• 11a, 11b show in front view (FIG. 11a) and in rear view (FIG. 11b) a straight-line or linear arrangement of palisades 1 and trough stones 47 or U-stones 48.
• FIG. 11b three are located side by side Trough stones 47 are arranged, on each of which two U-stones 48 are placed.
• the cavity 42 of the lower trough stones 47 can be used for planting.
• trough stone 47 and U stone 48 The slope arrangement of trough stone 47 and U stone 48 is delimited laterally by two palisades 1 each, ie. H. the palisades protrude three trough stones or U-stones 47, 48 arranged one above the other.
• FIG. 12a, 12b shows an angular arrangement in front view (FIG. 12a) and in rear view (FIG. 12b).
• An arrangement of four palisades 1 at an angle of 90 ° is followed on the left and right by an embankment arrangement of a lower trough stone 47 with two U-stones 48 arranged above it.
• the continued embankment arrangement is effected by two palisades 1 each shown.
• the curve shape is in turn brought about in various views by a row of four lower, adjacent trough stones 47, on each of which two U-stones 48 are placed. This in turn results in a 90 ° arrangement, formed from trough stones or U stones.
• the straight-line continuation is then again effected by palisades 1 arranged side by side.
• two palisades 1 are shown laterally in FIGS. 13a to 13d.
• any other combination of the elements can also be brought about.
• the decisive factor is in each case the adaptation of the connecting elements to one another, the nose-shaped surface sections permitting any straight-line or angular arrangement.
• the angle formed by the V-shaped cutouts 38, 39 is chosen such that an angle of 90 ° can be formed by stringing together about four adjacent components, as shown in FIG. 10a for the palisades 1 and FIG. 10b for the troughs 47 is shown.
• the invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment described and illustrated. Rather, it also encompasses all professional further training within the framework of intellectual property rights claims. For example, moldings other than those described can also be produced with this system.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
• Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

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• 1995
  • 1995-04-28 DE DE59504153T patent/DE59504153D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1995-04-28 WO PCT/EP1995/001638 patent/WO1995030058A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1995-04-28 EP EP95918620A patent/EP0758420B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-04-28 DE DE19515636A patent/DE19515636A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-04-28 AT AT95918620T patent/ATE173041T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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