Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
  • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
  • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
  • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
  • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
  • F27B15/02—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
  • F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the combustion of substances in a fluidized bed and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.
• the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and to create an inexpensive system that has a good combustion efficiency and is very universally suitable for the combustion of substances of all kinds.
• REPLACEMENT BLADE This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.
• a gasification bell is arranged in the region of the fluidized bed and that gas is introduced from the gasification bell into the fluidized bed and burned there can be achieved that the substances to be burned are primarily gasified and that basically only then does the combustion in the fluidized bed begin .
• the solids which have not yet been gasified remain essentially in the gasification bell until they have been gasified. Only a small part of the solids ever emerges from the gasification bell and into the surrounding fluidized bed. Ultimately, this already shows that in the process according to the invention, the solids can always be burned with a very good firing efficiency without z. B. a complex circulation process is required.
• a primary gas stream is introduced into the fluidized bed from the open underside of the gasification bell and a secondary gas stream is discharged laterally for post-combustion of unburned gaseous and / or solid components.
• the number of combustion stages can be increased by the secondary gas stream emerging from the gasification bell from a plurality of lateral outlet openings arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the flue gas.
• the secondary gas stream is optionally introduced directly into the fluidized bed.
• a transverse flow is generated in the fluidized bed, which intensifies the combustion by achieving better mixing of the gas with the air.
• the introduction into the fluidized bed also improves the integration of the pollutants into the reaction components of the fluidized bed.
• the pollutants contained in the secondary gas are also incorporated into the fluidized bed.
• the secondary gas stream into the flue gas stream above the fluidized bed. This makes it possible to maintain the free space temperature at the level required for good combustion. In addition, an excellent additional swirling of the flue gas stream is achieved and the afterburning is thereby intensified.
• the secondary gas stream emerging from the gasification bell can be introduced into a combustion chamber, which also supplies air. is guided, heating surfaces being arranged in the combustion chamber, which serve to dissipate heat into a heating system, the combustion gases which are produced being discharged into the fluidized bed and / or into the flue gas stream. Thanks to a controlled air supply, the boiler can be regulated quickly at any time. The resulting combustion gases are optionally cleaned in the fluidized bed.
• the gas can e.g. B. a gas storage can be supplied from which it can be requested if necessary.
• FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a combustion chamber with a gasification bell, from which a primary gas stream and a secondary gas stream emerge;
• FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a combustion chamber with a gasification bell, which additionally has an inner combustion chamber.
• FIG. 1 of the drawing 1 denotes a combustion chamber, in which a gasification bell 3 with Au Ben walls 4 is arranged surrounded by boiler walls 2.
• the gasification bell 3 is arranged in the combustion chamber 1 in the region of a fluidized bed 5.
• a nozzle base 6 is arranged below the gasification bell 3 and the fluidized bed.
• the nozzle base 6 is formed by air supply pipes 7, from which air outlet nozzles 8 branch off. Between the air supply pipes 7 there are openings 9 for the outflow of the ashes resulting from the combustion.
• a cooled ash extractor 10 is provided in the boiler wall 2 for the exit of the ash.
• a nozzle 11 of a line 12 opens into the gasification bell 3 for the supply of the substances to be gasified and burned.
• the gasification bell 3 A nozzle 11 of a line 12 opens into the gasification bell 3 for the supply of the substances to be gasified and burned.
• the gasification bell 3 has on its underside an opening 14 extending over its diameter, from which the primary gas also emerges.
• outlet openings 15 are provided in the outer walls 4 of the gasification bell 3 for the secondary gas flow.
• the combustion chamber 1 shown in the upper area is followed by a boiler (not shown in the drawing) with its auxiliary devices.
• an inner combustion chamber 16 is arranged on the side of the gasification bell 3. Gas burners 17 open into the upper region of the combustion chamber 16. Gas enters the gas burner 17 from the gasification bell 3.
• a line 18 is led to the gas burner 17, through which air is supplied.
• heating surfaces 19 are arranged below the gas burner.
• a wall 20 of the combustion chamber 16 extends down into the region of the fluidized bed 5.
• the inner combustion chamber 16 of the gasification bell 3 also has an outlet opening 21 on its underside for the combustion gases which arise in the inner combustion chamber 16.
• Air outlet nozzles 8 of the gasification bell 3 and the fluidized bed 5 supply the air required for the gasification and combustion as well as for the fluidization.
• the feed gasified at a temperature between 850 ° C and 900 ° C. This temperature is controlled in the gasification bell 3 by giving off heat to heating surfaces which are arranged, for example, on the outer walls 4. However, this may also be done by a controlled immersion and immersion of the outer walls 4 of the gasification bell 3 in the fluidized bed 5. In principle, it must be ensured that the temperature inside the gasification bell 3 is below the melting temperature of the ash emerging from the gasifying substances.
• ERS ⁇ ZBL ⁇ T otherwise already takes place via the boiler walls 2, which are designed in a manner known per se as membrane walls.
• combustion chamber 1 is fully functional 5 even if outlet openings 5 for a secondary gas flow in the outer walls 4 of the gasification bell 3 are closed or are not present at all.
• introduction of a secondary gas stream in addition to the introduction of the primary gas stream is ultimately dependent on the properties of the substances to be combusted.
• the method according to the invention is also particularly suitable for known methods for
• Burning substances to be supplemented can be supplemented.
• additional technologies such as catalysts, HOK filters, flue gas scrubbing, spray absorbers or the like. Due to the relatively small size of the plant, there are additional financial advantages in the area of operating and maintenance costs. It is an inexpensive technical solution for the energetic utilization of substances that

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
• Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
• Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=7751845

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

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Family Cites Families (3)

• 1995
  • 1995-01-19 DE DE19501504A patent/DE19501504C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1996
  • 1996-01-16 AT AT96901273T patent/ATE173535T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1996-01-16 DK DK96901273T patent/DK0804705T3/da active
  • 1996-01-16 WO PCT/EP1996/000149 patent/WO1996022492A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 1996-01-16 ES ES96901273T patent/ES2125094T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-01-16 JP JP8522029A patent/JPH10513541A/ja active Pending
  • 1996-01-16 EP EP96901273A patent/EP0804705B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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