EP0804705B1 - Procede d'incineration de matieres dans un lit fluidise - Google Patents

Procede d'incineration de matieres dans un lit fluidise Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0804705B1
EP0804705B1 EP96901273A EP96901273A EP0804705B1 EP 0804705 B1 EP0804705 B1 EP 0804705B1 EP 96901273 A EP96901273 A EP 96901273A EP 96901273 A EP96901273 A EP 96901273A EP 0804705 B1 EP0804705 B1 EP 0804705B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vorticity
layer
gas stream
gasification bell
bell
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP96901273A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0804705A1 (fr
Inventor
Ralf Paulsen
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the combustion of substances in a fluidized bed and an apparatus for performing this method.
  • Such a method is, for example, AT-B-382 227 known. With this procedure, the ones to be burned Materials are fed to a fluidized bed and burned there.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages mentioned and a To create an inexpensive system that has a good firing efficiency and very is universally suitable for burning all kinds of substances.
  • the open underside a primary gas stream is introduced into the fluidized bed and laterally into the gasification bell Secondary gas flow for afterburning unburned gaseous or / and solid Components rejected. In addition to a better mixing, this results in a step-shaped Low-NOx combustion achieved.
  • the number of combustion stages can be increased by turning off the secondary gas flow several arranged in the flow direction of the flue gas one behind the other Exhaust openings emerge from the gasification bell.
  • the secondary gas flow is optionally direct is introduced into the fluidized bed. This creates a cross flow in the fluidized bed generated, which intensifies the combustion by a better mixing of the Gases with the air is achieved. By the way, it is introduced into the fluidized bed an improved integration of the pollutants into the reaction components of the fluidized bed achieved.
  • the pollutants contained in the secondary gas are also in this case integrated into the fluidized bed.
  • the secondary gas flow to be introduced into the flue gas stream above the fluidized bed. This is it possible, the free space temperature at the level required for good combustion to haly. For the rest, an excellent additional swirling of the Flue gas flow and thereby intensifies the post-combustion.
  • the exiting from the gasification bell Secondary gas flow can be introduced into a combustion chamber, which is also supplied with air is, wherein in the combustion chamber auxiliary surfaces are arranged which are derived from Heat is used in a heating system, with the resulting combustion gases entering the fluidized bed or / and be derived into the flue gas stream.
  • a Air supply at any time allows the boiler to be regulated quickly.
  • the emerging Combustion gases are optionally cleaned in the fluidized bed.
  • the gas can e.g. B. supplied to a gas storage from which it can be requested if necessary.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawing 1 denotes a combustion chamber in which the boiler walls 2 surround a gasification bell 3 with outer walls 4 is arranged.
  • the Gasification bell 3 is arranged in the combustion chamber 1 so that the gasification bell 3 is surrounded by a fluidized bed 5.
  • a nozzle base 6 is arranged below the gasification bell 3 and the fluidized bed.
  • the nozzle base 6 is formed by air supply pipes 7, of which air outlet nozzles 8 branch off. Between the air supply pipes 7 there are openings 9 for the drain the ashes generated during combustion. For the exit of the ashes is a cooled one Ash deduction 10 is provided in the boiler wall 2.
  • the gasification bell 3 opens a nozzle 11 of a line 12 for the supply of gasifying and combustible substances.
  • the gasification bell 3 has one on its underside opening 14 extending over its diameter, from which the primary gas also emerges.
  • the combustion chamber shown follows 1 in the upper area, a boiler, not shown in the drawing, with its auxiliary devices on. Below the ash extraction 10 of the combustion chamber 1 includes Ash cooler with its removal devices.
  • the gasification bell 3 is on the side an inner combustion chamber 16 is arranged.
  • an inner combustion chamber 16 In the upper area of the combustion chamber 16 open gas burner 17. Gas enters the gas burner 17 from the gasification bell 3.
  • a line 18 is led to the gas burner 17, through which air is supplied.
  • the combustion chamber 16 In the combustion chamber 16 are arranged below the gas burner 17 heating surfaces 19.
  • a Wall 20 of the combustion chamber 16 extends downward into the region of the fluidized bed 5 in.
  • the inner combustion chamber 16 of the gasification bell 3 also instructs an outlet opening 21 on its underside for those arising in the inner combustion chamber 16 Combustion gases on.
  • the fluidized bed is heated up 5 by means of a support heater, not shown in the drawing, to approximately 850 ° C.
  • Material to be burned is brought into the gasification bell 3 via the line 12 and the nozzle 11 and exits there.
  • the air supply pipes 7 and their Air outlet nozzles 8 of the gasification bell 3 and the fluidized bed 5 for gasification and combustion and air required for fluidization.
  • the feed gas gasifies at a temperature between 850 ° C and 900 ° C. This temperature is in the gasification bell 3 by heat dissipation on heating surfaces, which are arranged for example on the outer walls 4, controlled. This happens but if necessary also by a controlled insertion and removal of the outer walls 4 of the Gasification bell 3 in the fluidized bed 5. Basically, it must be noted that the Temperature within the gasification bell 3 below the melting temperature from the gas ashes escaping ash.
  • the gas produced in the gasification bell 3 predominantly occurs as Primary gas flow through the opening 14 at the bottom of the gasification bell 3 in the fluidized bed 5 over and burns there.
  • the harmful gases generated during combustion are included in the fluidized bed 5 by adding limestone.
  • With an additional Secondary gas supply via the outlet openings 15 in the outer walls 4 the gasification bell is achieved that unburned components of the primary gas in in an afterburning zone. This happens in particular through a Cross turbulence of the fluidized bed 5 through the introduction of the secondary gas stream.
  • the flue gas stream emerging from the combustion chamber 1 subsequently reaches the Area of the downstream boiler, not shown in the drawing, and there Heat to other heating surfaces.
  • a release of heat to the boiler's steam water system otherwise already takes place via the boiler walls 2, in a manner known per se are designed as membrane walls.
  • combustion chamber 1 can also be used is functional when outlet openings 5 for a secondary gas flow in the outer walls 4 of the gasification bell 3 are closed or nonexistent.
  • introduction of a secondary gas stream in addition to the introduction of the primary gas stream ultimately depending on the properties of the substances to be burned.
  • the method according to the invention is also particularly suitable for known methods for Burning substances to supplement.
  • high investment costs for additional techniques such as catalysts, HOK filters, flue gas scrubbing, spray absorbers, etc. ⁇ ., saved.
  • Due to the relatively small size of the system there are additional ones financial benefits in the area of operating and maintenance costs. It deals is an inexpensive technical solution for the energetic utilization of substances that fully takes into account the Circular Economy Act.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé d'incinération de matières en lit fluidisé (5), caractérisé en ce qu'une cloche de gazéification (3), dans laquelle les matières sont tout d'abord totalement ou partiellement gazéifiées, est disposée de manière à être entourée par le lit fluidisé (5) et en ce que le gaz sortant de la cloche de gazéification (3) est introduit dans le lit fluidisé (5) et y est brûlé.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un flux de gaz primaire sortant du côté inférieur de la cloche de gazéification (3) est introduit dans le lit fluidisé (5) et en ce qu'un flux de gaz secondaire sort latéralement pour une post-combustion de composants gazeux et/ou solides non brûlés, l'introduction du flux de gaz secondaire s'effectuant derrière l'introduction du flux de gaz primaire dans le sens de la circulation du gaz de fumées.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le flux de gaz secondaire est aussi introduit dans le lit fluidisé (5).
  4. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le flux de gaz secondaire est introduit au-dessus du lit fluidisé (5) dans le flux de gaz de fumées.
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le flux de gaz secondaire émergeant de la cloche de gazéification (3) est introduit dans une chambre de combustion (16) à laquelle par ailleurs de l'air est amené, en ce que des surfaces de chauffe (19) qui sont disposées dans la chambre de combustion (16) servent à l'évacuation de la chaleur dans un système de chauffage et en ce que les gaz de combustion produits sont introduits dans le lit fluidisé (5) et/ou dans le flux de gaz de fumées.
  6. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'accessoirement du gaz est soutiré sur la cloche de gazéification (3) pour une autre utilisation.
  7. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une chambre de combustion dans laquelle des matières sont incinérées dans un lit fluidisé (5), caractérisé en ce qu'une cloche de gazéification (3), dans laquelle les matières sont tout d'abord gazéifiées totalement ou partiellement, est disposée dans la chambre de combustion (1) de manière à être entourée par le lit fluidisé (5) et en ce que le gaz sortant d'au moins une ouverture (14) de la cloche de gazéification (3) est introduit dans le lit fluidisé (5) et y est brûlé.
EP96901273A 1995-01-19 1996-01-16 Procede d'incineration de matieres dans un lit fluidise Expired - Lifetime EP0804705B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19501504A DE19501504C1 (de) 1995-01-19 1995-01-19 Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Stoffen in einer Wirbelschicht
DE19501504 1995-01-19
PCT/EP1996/000149 WO1996022492A1 (fr) 1995-01-19 1996-01-16 Procede d'incineration de matieres dans un lit fluidise

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0804705A1 EP0804705A1 (fr) 1997-11-05
EP0804705B1 true EP0804705B1 (fr) 1998-11-18

Family

ID=7751845

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP96901273A Expired - Lifetime EP0804705B1 (fr) 1995-01-19 1996-01-16 Procede d'incineration de matieres dans un lit fluidise

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0804705B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH10513541A (fr)
AT (1) ATE173535T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19501504C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0804705T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2125094T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996022492A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6029612A (en) * 1997-07-07 2000-02-29 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Fluidized bed reactor
DE19848155C1 (de) * 1998-10-20 2000-11-02 Ralf Paulsen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung von Stoffen in einer Wirbelschicht

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3003245A1 (de) * 1980-01-30 1981-11-12 Deutsche Babcock Ag, 4200 Oberhausen Verfahren und vorrichtung zum verbrennen von stoffen mit schwer ausbrennenden bestandteilen
AT382227B (de) * 1985-04-30 1987-01-26 Simmering Graz Pauker Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verbrennung von festen, fluessigen, gasfoermigen oder pastoesen brennstoffen in einem wirbelschichtofen
AT401419B (de) * 1987-07-21 1996-09-25 Sgp Va Energie Umwelt Wirbelschichtverfahren zur vergasung und verbrennung von brennstoffen sowie vorrichtung zu seiner durchführung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19501504C1 (de) 1996-03-21
EP0804705A1 (fr) 1997-11-05
DK0804705T3 (da) 1999-08-02
WO1996022492A1 (fr) 1996-07-25
JPH10513541A (ja) 1998-12-22
ES2125094T3 (es) 1999-02-16
ATE173535T1 (de) 1998-12-15

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