EP0809067B1 - Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0809067B1
EP0809067B1 EP97400984A EP97400984A EP0809067B1 EP 0809067 B1 EP0809067 B1 EP 0809067B1 EP 97400984 A EP97400984 A EP 97400984A EP 97400984 A EP97400984 A EP 97400984A EP 0809067 B1 EP0809067 B1 EP 0809067B1
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Prior art keywords
zone
fuel
recombustion
pressure
combustion
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP97400984A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0809067A1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Ferlin
Jean-Charles Joigneault
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Engie SA
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Gaz de France SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a reduction method by recombustion, nitrogen oxides contained in the fumes from primary combustion produced in an oven, as well as an installation for the implementation of this process.
  • This process consists of injecting a hydrocarbon according to very precise operating conditions, downstream of a first combustion during which the oxides nitrogen are produced.
  • the injection of this hydrocarbon has aim of creating a reducing atmosphere which has for consequence, when the temperature is sufficiently high (generally above 1000 ° C), cracking components of the hydrocarbon and produce radicals (CH °, H °, ..) which will combine with the monoxide nitrogen and other precursors of nitrogen oxides from main combustion (first combustion) by complex chemical transformations to form molecular nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the area in which the injection of this hydrocarbon is carried out is called the recombustion or overcombustion zone reductive.
  • the unburnt products formed in the overcombustion zone reductive are then oxidized in a third step called post-combustion.
  • the hydrocarbon that will supply the radicals necessary for the destruction of oxides nitrogen, is thus used both as a reactive agent of pollution and as energy.
  • the effectiveness of a recombination process depends on many factors such as temperature, time of stay in the recombustion zone, nature and mode injection of oil, the amount of oil injected, the initial nitrogen oxides rate, etc.
  • the reduction efficiency rate nitrogen oxides is the ratio of the number of moles of nitrogen oxides destroyed by the recombustion / number of moles of nitrogen oxides before recombustion.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the previous disadvantages in ensuring a better fuel penetration and distribution in the recombustion zone and thus obtain rates of reduction of satisfactory nitrogen oxides even when the dimensions of the oven did not allow a good mixture fuel and fumes, as in the process of prior art.
  • the invention proposes a process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in fumes from primary combustion in an oven, by recombination of said fumes characterized by a fuel injection in the combustion zone of said oven following at least two jets associated with pressure relatively high and relatively low respectively so that the high pressure jet entrains part of the fuel injected at low pressure.
  • the jet of fuel low pressure is externally concentric with the jet of higher pressure fuel.
  • the fuel is a gas at a pressure between a few millibars and a few hundred millibars for the low jet pressure and between a few hundred millibars and a few bars for the high pressure jet.
  • the pressure and the flow rates of the gases of the two aforementioned jets are controlled so as to adapt to the dimensions of the recombination zone and to the characteristics of the fumes.
  • furnace's recombustion zone is subjected to acoustic waves.
  • the aforementioned acoustic waves have a frequency below about 20 Hz.
  • the invention also provides an installation for the implementation of the method described above comprising a oven equipped with a primary combustion zone supplied by a main fuel and followed by a zone of recombustion powered by a secondary fuel, characterized in that said recombustion zone is fitted with at least two secondary fuel inlets to a relatively high pressure and a relatively low pressure respectively so that the high pressure jet drives part of the fuel injected at low pressure.
  • the two aforementioned entries are coaxial.
  • the two aforementioned entries are respectively fitted with a flow control device and the pressure of the secondary fuel forming the two aforementioned jets.
  • the installation according to the invention has a generator of acoustic waves mounted on the wall of the oven so as to ability to homogenize the mixture in the recombustion.
  • the temperature is sufficient to crack the radicals which will react with nitrogen oxides to give molecular nitrogen and oxygen.
  • hydrocarbon used as quickly as possible dispersed and cracked. In otherwise, the hydrocarbon (fuel) will burn with the residual oxygen from the fumes from the main combustion and, create nitrogen oxides which is contrary to the aim sought.
  • the homogenization of the mixture is all the more delicate when get the dimensions of the oven important and that the volume of fuel injected represents only about 1% of the volume of combustion fumes main.
  • the homogenization of the fuel mixture and smoke is often limited by the residence time of the fuel-smoke mixture in the combustion zone. Indeed, this residence time is limited by the oven dimensions which are most often limited in height.
  • FIG. 1 a combustion furnace for setting up implementation of the nitrogen oxides reduction process according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • This oven comprises the three combustion zones mentioned above, i.e. a first main combustion zone A, a second recombination zone B and a third zone C of post-combustion. Above the post-combustion zone, there is a gas cooling zone D.
  • Main combustion zone A has orifices supply 3 of a mixture of a so-called fuel primary fuel and air.
  • Primary fuel can be of any kind: coal, fuel oil, waste, wood, natural gas, etc ...
  • the primary fuel will be natural gas.
  • the ventilation rate of this main combustion zone that is, the ratio of the actual air volume of combustion on theoretical combustion air (combustion stoichiometric) generally varies in the range of 1.05 to 1.1.
  • the nitrogen oxides contained in the fumes from this primary combustion are then reduced in the Reduction or overcombustion zone B.
  • the reduction of nitrogen oxides is achieved through the injection of a fuel called secondary fuel by the power supply marked 2 in FIG. 1.
  • the secondary fuel is injected through inlet 2 in one volume representing 10 to 20% of the fuel volume primary, in order to obtain a ventilation rate close to 0.9 in zone B.
  • the reducing atmosphere in default oxygen is created in the recombination zone.
  • Secondary fuel used for recombination injected into the reducing zone B can, like the primary fuel, being of any kind: coal, fuel oil, waste, wood, natural gas, etc. However, according to In the invention, natural gas is preferably used.
  • the oxidation stage of unburnt materials is called the post-combustion stage, is then performed.
  • the post-combustion stage is carried out thanks to the introduction, by the inlet marked 1 in FIG. 1, of air to complete the combustion.
  • fuel injection secondary, preferably natural gas, in the area of recombustion B must be within a range of temperature between 1100 and 1500 ° C and it must be performed at a flow and pressure corresponding to sufficient residence time in the recombination zone to allow homogenization of mixtures fuel-smoke satisfactory as well as to allow reduction reactions to occur.
  • Time to stay should generally be in the range of 0.5 to 1 second according to the operating conditions.
  • the reduction temperature used for the recombustion, in the recombustion zone B, can be lowered to around 1000 ° C but it is then necessary to increase the residence time.
  • a balance must therefore be found between the parameters residence time-temperature, in order to obtain a satisfactory homogenization between the fuel secondary used in zone B of recombustion and fumes from primary combustion zone A or main containing nitrogen oxides to reduce.
  • the secondary fuel behaves like a jet in a transverse flow and the homogenization of a mixing a jet (secondary fuel) in a stream transverse (fumes from primary combustion) is subject to antagonistic constraints, all the more difficult as the flow rate of the jet on the wall of the furnace is weak compared to cross flow main.
  • the present invention consists of injecting the secondary fuel, preferably natural gas, through a multiple pulse system. More specifically, in the installation illustrated in Figure 1, the fuel secondary is injected by a double pulse system in the recombustion zone.
  • the double pulse injection according to the invention has two gas supply circuits 2, 2 ', one circuit low pressure supply 2, adjusted and controlled by any suitable means noted 4 in Figure 1, and a high pressure gas supply circuit 2 'set and controlled by any suitable means noted 5 in Figure 1.
  • the double impulse improves the penetration of the jet of secondary fuel to the center of the furnace and also to distribute this fuel throughout the oven enclosure.
  • the high pressure central jet also causes part of the fuel injected into lower pressure, which also improves its mixed.
  • This double pulse of gaseous fuel can be easily adjusted, variations in flow and gas fuel pressures are very easy to be carried out to optimize the mixture, that is to say so as to adapt to the dimensions of the recombustion, smoke characteristics, and reduction rates sought.
  • the two secondary fuel inlets 2, 2 ' are coaxial and the low pressure fuel input is externally concentric with the fuel inlet at high pressure.
  • the invention is therefore particularly advantageous in cases in which the dimensions of the oven do not not allow proper fuel mixing in smoke, in particular.
  • the invention also makes it possible, by improving the mixing, reduce the amount of secondary fuel to inject to obtain a given rate of reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • the levels of reduction of nitrogen obtained are of the order of 50 to 60% in moles, by substituting, for coal, 20% in intake energy from natural gas.
  • a generator infrasound noted 6 in Figure 1 attached is mounted on one of the walls of the combustion furnace at the level of the zone B of recombustion.
  • the rate of reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in the fumes from primary combustion is generally greater than 80%, more precisely in the meantime from about 80 to about 90%, in moles.
  • the process of reduction of nitrogen oxides by recombination of fumes from primary combustion therefore achieves an efficiency NOx reduction of around 70 to 80% by performing injection of secondary fuel, preferably natural gas, in the combustion zone, according to minus two jets associated with relatively high pressure and relatively low respectively so that the high pressure jet causes part of the fuel injected at low pressure.
  • secondary fuel preferably natural gas
  • the low pressure fuel jet is externally concentric with the fuel jet at higher pressure, which improves the secondary fuel penetration to the center of the oven thanks to the high pressure jet and also to distribute gases throughout the enclosure.
  • the central jet at high pressure causing part of the gas injected to lower pressure, the secondary fuel mixture gaseous with fumes from primary combustion containing the nitrogen oxide to be reduced is thus improved.
  • the gaseous fuel is injected for the low pressure jet at a pressure between a few millibars and a few hundred millibars and for the high pressure jet, between a few hundred millibars and a few bars.
  • the acoustic waves used have a frequency less than about 20 Hz.
  • the use of injection multiple pulse and infrasound production in the nitrogen oxides recombination process allows achieve NOx reduction efficiency rates of around 50% but using less fuel. For example, reducing the amount of fuel secondary is around 50% by volume, which allows reduce the cost of the process.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zum Reduzieren der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen durch Wiederverbrennung besagter Abgase, gekennzeichnet durch ein Zuführen eines sekundären Brennstoffs in der Wiederverbrennungszone besagten Ofens gemäß wenigstens zwei zugeordneten Strahlen mit einem jeweils relativ hohen und einem relativ niedrigen Druck, derart, daß der Strahl mit hohem Druck einen Teil des mit niedrigem Druck zugeführten Brennstoffs mitnimmt.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Strahl des Brennstoffs mit niedrigem Druck außen am Strahl des Brennstoffs mit höherem Druck konzentrisch ist.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Brennstoff ein Gas mit einem Druck ist, der bei dem Strahl mit niedrigem Druck zwischen einigen Millibar und einigen hundert Millibar inbegriffen und bei dem Strahl mit hohem Druck zwischen einigen hundert Millibar und einigen Bar inbegriffen ist.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druck und die Durchsätze des Gases der zwei besagten Strahlen derart gesteuert werden, daß sie sich den Dimensionen der Wiederverbrennungszone und den Merkmalen der Abgase anpassen.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wiederverbrennungszone des Ofens akustischen Wellen unterworfen ist.
  6. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagten akustischen Wellen eine Frequenz von ungefähr unter 20 Hz haben.
  7. Einrichtung für die Umsetzung des Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 1 bis 6, umfassend einen Ofen umfassend eine primäre Verbrennungszone (A), die durch einen Hauptbrennstoff gespeist wird und gefolgt von einer Wiederverbrennungszone (B), die durch einen sekundären Brennstoff gespeist wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Wiederverbrennungszone mit wenigstens zwei Eingängen (2, 2') des sekundären Brennstoffs mit jeweils einem relativ hohen und einem relativ niedrigen Druck versehen ist.
  8. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei besagten Eingänge (2, 2') koaxial sind.
  9. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwei besagten Eingänge jeweils mit einem Steuerapparat für den Durchsatz und den Druck (4, 5) des sekundären die besagten zwei Strahlen bildenden Brennstoffs versehen ist.
  10. Einrichtung gemäß Anspruch 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Generator für akustische Wellen (6) auf der Wand des Ofens derart angebracht ist, daß die Mischung in der Wiederverbrennungszone homogenisiert werden kann.
EP97400984A 1996-05-21 1997-04-30 Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen Expired - Lifetime EP0809067B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9730090T SI0809067T1 (en) 1996-05-21 1997-04-30 Process and installation for reducing by recombustion of nitric oxides in exhaust gases from a primary combustion in a furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9606293 1996-05-21
FR9606293A FR2749066B1 (fr) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Procede de reduction, par recombustion, des oxydes d'azote contenus dans les fumees issues d'une combustion primaire realisee dans un four, et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0809067A1 EP0809067A1 (de) 1997-11-26
EP0809067B1 true EP0809067B1 (de) 2000-08-30

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EP97400984A Expired - Lifetime EP0809067B1 (de) 1996-05-21 1997-04-30 Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen

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EP (1) EP0809067B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE195999T1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ135297A3 (de)
DE (1) DE69702950T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2152070T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2749066B1 (de)
HU (1) HUP9700845A1 (de)
PL (1) PL320054A1 (de)
PT (1) PT809067E (de)
SI (1) SI0809067T1 (de)
SK (1) SK55397A3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2271341C2 (ru) * 2002-07-05 2006-03-10 Фудзикура Лтд. Многотрубчатая горелка и способ изготовления стеклянной заготовки с ее использованием

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5908003A (en) * 1996-08-15 1999-06-01 Gas Research Institute Nitrogen oxide reduction by gaseous fuel injection in low temperature, overall fuel-lean flue gas
FR2834774B1 (fr) * 2002-01-16 2004-06-04 Saint Gobain Emballage BRULEUR ET PROCEDE POUR LA REDUCTION DE L'EMISSION DES NOx DANS UN FOUR DE VERRERIE
NL2001797C2 (nl) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-18 Essent En Produktie B V Werkwijze voor het verbranden van een tweede vaste brandstof in combinatie met een eerste vaste brandstof.

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JPS59173605A (ja) * 1983-03-23 1984-10-01 Hitachi Zosen Corp 燃焼炉における粉体燃料の均一供給方法
DE3410945A1 (de) * 1984-03-24 1985-10-03 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Verfahren zur verminderung der no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-bildung in mit kohlenstaub betriebenen feuerungsanlagen, insbesondere schmelzkammerfeuerungen, und feuerungsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3441675A1 (de) * 1984-11-15 1986-05-22 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach Verfahren zur verringerung des no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-gehalts in verbrennungsgasen
US4779545A (en) * 1988-02-24 1988-10-25 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company Apparatus and method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions
IT1247541B (it) * 1991-05-07 1994-12-17 Ente Naz Energia Elettrica Processo per ridurre gli ossidi di azoto nei gas di combustione
US5181475A (en) * 1992-02-03 1993-01-26 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc. Apparatus and process for control of nitric oxide emissions from combustion devices using vortex rings and the like
JPH0727313A (ja) * 1992-08-27 1995-01-27 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 高温炉装置

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2271341C2 (ru) * 2002-07-05 2006-03-10 Фудзикура Лтд. Многотрубчатая горелка и способ изготовления стеклянной заготовки с ее использованием

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2152070T3 (es) 2001-01-16
FR2749066A1 (fr) 1997-11-28
DE69702950D1 (de) 2000-10-05
PT809067E (pt) 2001-02-28
HU9700845D0 (en) 1997-06-30
SK55397A3 (en) 1998-01-14
HUP9700845A1 (hu) 2000-05-28
DE69702950T2 (de) 2001-03-29
ATE195999T1 (de) 2000-09-15
EP0809067A1 (de) 1997-11-26
CZ135297A3 (en) 1997-12-17
PL320054A1 (en) 1997-11-24
FR2749066B1 (fr) 1998-08-21
SI0809067T1 (en) 2001-04-30

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