EP0809067A1 - Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen - Google Patents

Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0809067A1
EP0809067A1 EP97400984A EP97400984A EP0809067A1 EP 0809067 A1 EP0809067 A1 EP 0809067A1 EP 97400984 A EP97400984 A EP 97400984A EP 97400984 A EP97400984 A EP 97400984A EP 0809067 A1 EP0809067 A1 EP 0809067A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
zone
fuel
recombustion
pressure
combustion
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Granted
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EP97400984A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0809067B1 (de
Inventor
Thierry Ferlin
Jean-Charles Joigneault
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Engie SA
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Gaz de France SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for reduction by recombination, nitrogen oxides contained in the fumes from primary combustion produced in an oven, as well as an installation for the implementation of this process.
  • This process consists in injecting a hydrocarbon according to very precise operating conditions, downstream of a first combustion during which the nitrogen oxides are produced.
  • the purpose of injecting this hydrocarbon is to create a reducing atmosphere which has the consequence, when the temperature is sufficiently high (generally above 1000 ° C.), of cracking the components of the hydrocarbon and of producing radicals (CH ° , H °, ..) which will combine with nitrogen monoxide and the other precursors of nitrogen oxides from the main combustion (first combustion) by complex chemical transformations to form molecular nitrogen and oxygen.
  • the zone in which the injection of this hydrocarbon is carried out is called the reduction or overcombustion zone.
  • the unburnt materials formed in the reductive overcombustion zone are then oxidized in a third step known as post-combustion.
  • the hydrocarbon which will supply the radicals necessary for the destruction of nitrogen oxides, is thus used both as a reactive depollution agent and as energy.
  • the efficiency of a recombustion process depends on many factors such as the temperature, the residence time in the recombustion zone, the nature and mode of injection of the hydrocarbon, the quantity of hydrocarbon injected, the rate initial nitrogen oxides, etc.
  • the recombination process of the prior art described above only achieves efficiency rates for the reduction of nitrogen oxides of the order of 50 to 60%.
  • the rate of effectiveness of the reduction of nitrogen oxides corresponds to the ratio of the number of moles of nitrogen oxides destroyed by the recombination / number of moles of nitrogen oxides before the recombustion.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the above drawbacks by ensuring better penetration and distribution of the fuel in the combustion zone and thus obtaining satisfactory nitrogen oxide reduction rates even when the dimensions of the furnace do not did not allow a good mixture of fuel and fumes, as in the process of the prior art.
  • the invention proposes a process for reducing the nitrogen oxides contained in the fumes from primary combustion, in an oven, by recombination of said fumes characterized by an injection of fuel into the recombustion zone of said oven according to at least two jets associated with relatively high and relatively low pressure respectively.
  • the low pressure fuel jet is externally concentric with the higher pressure fuel jet.
  • the fuel is a gas at a pressure of between a few millibars and a few hundred millibars for the low pressure jet and between a few hundred millibars and a few bars for the high pressure jet.
  • the pressure and the gas flow rates of the two above-mentioned jets are controlled so as to adapt to the dimensions of the combustion zone and to the characteristics of the fumes.
  • furnace's recombustion zone is subjected to acoustic waves.
  • the above-mentioned acoustic waves have a frequency of less than about 20 Hz.
  • the invention also provides an installation for implementing the method described above comprising an oven equipped with a primary combustion zone supplied by a main fuel and followed by a recombustion zone supplied by a secondary fuel, characterized in that that said recombustion zone is provided with at least two secondary fuel inlets at different pressures.
  • the two aforementioned inputs are coaxial.
  • the two aforementioned inlets are respectively provided with a device for controlling the flow rate and the pressure of the secondary fuel forming the two aforementioned jets.
  • the installation according to the invention has an acoustic wave generator mounted on the wall of the furnace so as to be able to homogenize the mixture in the recombustion zone.
  • One of the problems encountered during the implementation of the recombination process of the prior art resides in the mixing of the fuel (natural gas or any other hydrocarbon used) with the fumes containing the nitrogen oxides originating from the combustion zone and arriving in the recombustion zone. Indeed, a good homogenization of the fuel and the fumes in the recombustion zone is essential from the point of view of the temperature and mass exchanges. In fact, if there are flow zones where the radicals (CH °, etc.) are not produced and diffused, no destruction of the nitrogen oxides will take place in these zones.
  • the temperature must be sufficient to crack the radicals which will react with the nitrogen oxides to give molecular nitrogen and oxygen.
  • hydrocarbon used is dispersed and cracked as quickly as possible. Otherwise, the hydrocarbon (fuel) will burn with the residual oxygen from the fumes from the main combustion and create nitrogen oxides which is contrary to the desired goal.
  • the homogenization of the mixture is all the more difficult to obtain that the dimensions of the furnace are large and that the volume of fuel injected represents only about 1% of the volume of the fumes of the main combustion.
  • the homogenization of the fuel and smoke mixture is often limited by the residence time of the fuel-smoke mixture in the combustion zone. Indeed, this residence time is limited by the dimensions of the oven which are most often limited in height.
  • FIG. 1 a combustion oven for implementing the process for reducing nitrogen oxides according to the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • This oven has the three combustion zones mentioned above, that is to say say a first zone A of main combustion, a second zone B of recombustion and a third zone C of post-combustion. Above the post-combustion zone, there is a gas cooling zone D.
  • the main combustion zone A comprises supply orifices 3 for a mixture of a so-called fuel primary fuel and air.
  • the primary fuel can be of any kind: coal, fuel oil, waste, wood, natural gas, etc.
  • the primary fuel will be natural gas.
  • the aeration rate of this main combustion zone i.e., the ratio of the actual combustion air volume to the theoretical combustion air (stoichiometric combustion) generally varies in the range of 1.05 at 1.1.
  • the nitrogen oxides contained in the fumes from this primary combustion are then reduced in zone B of reductive combustion or overcombustion.
  • the reduction of nitrogen oxides is achieved by injecting a fuel called secondary fuel by the feed marked 2 in FIG. 1.
  • the secondary fuel is injected through inlet 2 in a volume representing 10 to 20% of the volume of the primary fuel, in order to obtain a ventilation rate close to 0.9 in zone B.
  • the secondary fuel used for the recombustion injected into the reducing zone B can, like the primary fuel, be of any kind: coal, fuel oil, waste, wood, natural gas, etc. However, according to the invention, natural gas is preferably used.
  • the oxidation stage of unburnt materials is called the post-combustion stage, and is then carried out.
  • the post-combustion stage is carried out thanks to the introduction, by the inlet marked 1 in FIG. 1, of air to complete the combustion.
  • the injection of the secondary fuel, preferably natural gas, into the recombustion zone B must be carried out in a temperature range between 1100 and 1500 ° C. and it must be carried out at a corresponding flow rate and pressure.
  • sufficient residence time in the recombination zone to allow satisfactory homogenization of the fuel-smoke mixtures as well as to allow reduction reactions to take place.
  • the residence time must generally be of the order of 0.5 to 1 second depending on the operating conditions.
  • the reduction temperature used for the recombustion step, in the recombustion zone B, can be lowered to approximately 1000 ° C. but it is then necessary to increase the residence time.
  • a balance must therefore be found between the residence time-temperature parameters, in order to obtain a satisfactory homogenization between the secondary fuel used in zone B of combustion and the fumes from zone A of primary or main combustion containing the oxides d nitrogen to reduce.
  • the secondary fuel behaves like a jet in a transverse flow and the homogenization of a mixture of a jet (secondary fuel) in a transverse flow (fumes from primary combustion) is subject to antagonistic constraints, d 'all the more difficult as the volume flow rate of the jet on the wall of the furnace is low compared to the main transverse flow.
  • the present invention consists in injecting the secondary fuel, preferably natural gas, via a system with several pulses. More particularly, in the installation illustrated in FIG. 1, the secondary fuel is injected by a double pulse system into the recombustion zone.
  • the secondary fuel preferably natural gas
  • the double pulse injection according to the invention has two gas supply circuits 2, 2 ′, a low pressure supply circuit 2 ′, adjusted and controlled by any suitable means noted 4 in FIG. 1, and a high pressure gas supply circuit 2 adjusted and controlled by any suitable means noted 5 in FIG. 1.
  • the double pulse makes it possible to improve the penetration of the jet of secondary fuel up to the center of the oven and also to distribute this fuel throughout the oven enclosure.
  • the central high pressure jet also entrains part of the fuel injected at lower pressure, which also improves its mixing.
  • This double pulse of gaseous fuel can be very easily adjusted, the variations in flow rate and pressure of the gaseous fuel are very easy to achieve in order to optimize the mixture, that is to say in order to adapt to the dimensions of the combustion zone, to the characteristics of the smoke, and at the desired reduction rates.
  • the two inlets 2, 2 ′ of the secondary fuel are coaxial and the inlet of the low pressure fuel is externally concentric with the inlet of the high pressure fuel.
  • the invention is therefore particularly advantageous in cases in which the dimensions of the furnace do not allow good mixing of the fuel in the flue gases, in particular.
  • the invention also makes it possible, by improving the mixture, to reduce the quantities of secondary fuel to be injected in order to obtain a given rate of reduction of nitrogen oxides.
  • the nitrogen reduction rates obtained are of the order of 50 to 60% in moles, by substituting, for coal, 20% in energy supply of natural gas.
  • an infrasound generator denoted 6 in FIG. 1 appended is mounted on one of the walls of the combustion furnace at the level of the recombination zone B.
  • the reduction rate of nitrogen oxides contained in the fumes from primary combustion is generally greater than 80%, more precisely in the range of about 80 to about 90%, in moles.
  • the process for reducing nitrogen oxides by recombining the fumes from primary combustion therefore makes it possible to achieve an NOx reduction efficiency of the order of 70 to 80% by performing the injection.
  • secondary fuel preferably natural gas, in the combustion zone, following at least two jets associated with relatively high and relatively low pressure respectively.
  • the low pressure fuel jet is externally concentric with the higher pressure fuel jet, which improves the penetration of the secondary fuel to the center of the furnace thanks to the high pressure jet and also distributes the gas throughout the enclosure.
  • the central high-pressure jet entraining part of the gas injected at a lower pressure, the mixture of the gaseous secondary fuel with the fumes of the primary combustion containing the nitrogen oxide to be reduced is thus improved.
  • the gaseous fuel is injected for the low pressure jet at a pressure between a few millibars and a few hundred millibars and for the high pressure jet, between a few hundred millibars and a few bars.
  • the acoustic waves used have a frequency of less than about 20 Hz.
  • the use of multiple pulse injection and the production of infrasound in the nitrogen oxides recombination process makes it possible to achieve NOx reduction efficiency rate of around 50% but using less fuel.
  • the reduction in the quantity of secondary fuel is of the order of 50% by volume, which makes it possible to reduce the cost of the process.
  • a method and a device comprising a double-pulse injection have been described, devices and methods using a multiple-pulse injection of the secondary fuel in the recombination zone can be used.
  • a triple pulse injection of the secondary fuel can be envisaged, in which the gaseous fuel will be injected according to two high pressure jets concentric with one another and a low pressure jet concentrically external to the two high pressure jets.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
EP97400984A 1996-05-21 1997-04-30 Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen Expired - Lifetime EP0809067B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI9730090T SI0809067T1 (en) 1996-05-21 1997-04-30 Process and installation for reducing by recombustion of nitric oxides in exhaust gases from a primary combustion in a furnace

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9606293 1996-05-21
FR9606293A FR2749066B1 (fr) 1996-05-21 1996-05-21 Procede de reduction, par recombustion, des oxydes d'azote contenus dans les fumees issues d'une combustion primaire realisee dans un four, et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0809067A1 true EP0809067A1 (de) 1997-11-26
EP0809067B1 EP0809067B1 (de) 2000-08-30

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EP97400984A Expired - Lifetime EP0809067B1 (de) 1996-05-21 1997-04-30 Verfahren und Anlage zum Reduzieren mittels Wiederverbrennung der Stickoxide in Abgasen einer Primärverbrennung in einem Ofen

Country Status (11)

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EP (1) EP0809067B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE195999T1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ135297A3 (de)
DE (1) DE69702950T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2152070T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2749066B1 (de)
HU (1) HUP9700845A1 (de)
PL (1) PL320054A1 (de)
PT (1) PT809067E (de)
SI (1) SI0809067T1 (de)
SK (1) SK55397A3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999008045A1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Gas Research Institute Nitrogen oxide reduction by gaseous fuel injection in low temperature, overall fuel-lean flue gas
FR2834774A1 (fr) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-18 Saint Gobain Emballage BRULEUR ET PROCEDE POUR LA REDUCTION DE L'EMISSION DES NOx DANS UN FOUR DE VERRERIE
NL2001797C2 (nl) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-18 Essent En Produktie B V Werkwijze voor het verbranden van een tweede vaste brandstof in combinatie met een eerste vaste brandstof.

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004035365A (ja) * 2002-07-05 2004-02-05 Fujikura Ltd 多重管バーナおよびこれを用いたガラス体の製造方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59173605A (ja) * 1983-03-23 1984-10-01 Hitachi Zosen Corp 燃焼炉における粉体燃料の均一供給方法
EP0159492A2 (de) * 1984-03-24 1985-10-30 Steag Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung der NOx-Bildung in mit Kohlenstaub betriebenen Feuerungsanlagen, insbesondere Schmelzkammerfeuerungen, und Feuerungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP0182063A2 (de) * 1984-11-15 1986-05-28 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH Verfahren zur Verringerung des NOX-Gehalts in Verbrennungsgasen
US4779545A (en) * 1988-02-24 1988-10-25 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company Apparatus and method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions
EP0512156A1 (de) * 1991-05-07 1992-11-11 Ente Nazionale Per L'energia Elettrica - (Enel) Verfahren zum Reduzieren der Stickoxide im Rauchgas
US5181475A (en) * 1992-02-03 1993-01-26 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc. Apparatus and process for control of nitric oxide emissions from combustion devices using vortex rings and the like
JPH0727313A (ja) * 1992-08-27 1995-01-27 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 高温炉装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59173605A (ja) * 1983-03-23 1984-10-01 Hitachi Zosen Corp 燃焼炉における粉体燃料の均一供給方法
EP0159492A2 (de) * 1984-03-24 1985-10-30 Steag Ag Verfahren zur Verminderung der NOx-Bildung in mit Kohlenstaub betriebenen Feuerungsanlagen, insbesondere Schmelzkammerfeuerungen, und Feuerungsanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
EP0182063A2 (de) * 1984-11-15 1986-05-28 L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH Verfahren zur Verringerung des NOX-Gehalts in Verbrennungsgasen
US4779545A (en) * 1988-02-24 1988-10-25 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company Apparatus and method of reducing nitrogen oxide emissions
EP0512156A1 (de) * 1991-05-07 1992-11-11 Ente Nazionale Per L'energia Elettrica - (Enel) Verfahren zum Reduzieren der Stickoxide im Rauchgas
US5181475A (en) * 1992-02-03 1993-01-26 Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc. Apparatus and process for control of nitric oxide emissions from combustion devices using vortex rings and the like
JPH0727313A (ja) * 1992-08-27 1995-01-27 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd 高温炉装置

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 29 (M - 356) 7 February 1985 (1985-02-07) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 95, no. 001 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1999008045A1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Gas Research Institute Nitrogen oxide reduction by gaseous fuel injection in low temperature, overall fuel-lean flue gas
FR2834774A1 (fr) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-18 Saint Gobain Emballage BRULEUR ET PROCEDE POUR LA REDUCTION DE L'EMISSION DES NOx DANS UN FOUR DE VERRERIE
NL2001797C2 (nl) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-18 Essent En Produktie B V Werkwijze voor het verbranden van een tweede vaste brandstof in combinatie met een eerste vaste brandstof.
WO2010008280A1 (en) * 2008-07-14 2010-01-21 Essent Energie Productie B.V. Method for combusting a second solid fuel in combination with a first solid fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2152070T3 (es) 2001-01-16
FR2749066A1 (fr) 1997-11-28
DE69702950D1 (de) 2000-10-05
PT809067E (pt) 2001-02-28
HU9700845D0 (en) 1997-06-30
SK55397A3 (en) 1998-01-14
EP0809067B1 (de) 2000-08-30
HUP9700845A1 (hu) 2000-05-28
DE69702950T2 (de) 2001-03-29
ATE195999T1 (de) 2000-09-15
CZ135297A3 (en) 1997-12-17
PL320054A1 (en) 1997-11-24
FR2749066B1 (fr) 1998-08-21
SI0809067T1 (en) 2001-04-30

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