EP0851175B1 - Procédé et appareil pour le traitement des gaz industriels dans un lit fluidisé circulant - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour le traitement des gaz industriels dans un lit fluidisé circulant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0851175B1
EP0851175B1 EP97121573A EP97121573A EP0851175B1 EP 0851175 B1 EP0851175 B1 EP 0851175B1 EP 97121573 A EP97121573 A EP 97121573A EP 97121573 A EP97121573 A EP 97121573A EP 0851175 B1 EP0851175 B1 EP 0851175B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluidized
auxiliary
process gases
gas
fluidized bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97121573A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0851175A1 (fr
Inventor
Patrick Müller
Felix Koller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kanadevia Inova AG
Original Assignee
Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG filed Critical Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG
Publication of EP0851175A1 publication Critical patent/EP0851175A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0851175B1 publication Critical patent/EP0851175B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B15/00—Fluidised-bed furnaces; Other furnaces using or treating finely-divided materials in dispersion
    • F27B15/02—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for furnaces of these types
    • F27B15/10—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/60—Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a method of this type is known from DE-A-33 07 848.
  • process fumes such as combustion gases containing flammable constituents
  • a venturi-like entry device according to the Principle of a circulating fluidized bed functioning Fluidized bed reactor fed and burned there and cleaned.
  • the solid phase by a clear density jump from the one above Gas space is separated during this procedure - i.e. in the circulating fluidized bed - distribution states of the circulating solid without defined Aimed at the boundary layer at which the solids concentration inside the reactor from the bottom up decreases.
  • a steady decrease in the solids concentration is desirable from bottom to top within the circulating fluidized bed. So far, this has only been possible with circulating fluidized beds not with venturi-like entry device can be achieved. It has been observed that solid particles down in the edge areas of the fluidized bed sink and settle in the bottom, narrowest area of the bottom Collect the conically tapered fluidized bed reactor. This Solid particles are then circulated at this point and hardly get into circulation anymore. Especially at Treatment of process gases with sticky components, e.g. molten solid such as fly ash solid agglomerations, at this point tennis ball size reachable.
  • sticky components e.g. molten solid such as fly ash solid agglomerations
  • the accumulation of solids in the lower one The area of the fluidized bed reactor creates a constriction at the entry point in the fluidized bed reactor, whereby the process gas flow is restricted and accelerated becomes. This means there is less time to treat the Process gases available as intended.
  • the inhomogeneous Distribution of the solid causes an insufficient Heat exchange and temperature jumps in the reactor.
  • Another disadvantage of the known circulating Venturi fluidized bed is that the solids circulation is smaller than with a conventional fluidized bed.
  • the present invention is based on the object Process of the type mentioned above and a fluidized bed reactor to carry out the procedure with a steadily decreasing suspension density from bottom to top to create the residue particles. This leads to one improved heat exchange and an even temperature distribution.
  • the continuous distribution can be even optimize up to approximately exponential distribution.
  • Process gases are industrial gases, especially those from waste incineration.
  • the treatment of such gases according to the invention includes, for example, cooling, dry cleaning (removal of HCl, SO 2 etc.) and / or post-combustion.
  • the use of a circulating fluidized bed for cooling (quenching), dry cleaning or afterburning of process gases from a furnace and its advantages are known from the above-mentioned DE-A-33 07 848.
  • the process gases are used as fluidizing gases; sand, an adsorbent and / or a reagent, for example, are used as the fluidized bed solid.
  • the bed material is preferably formed at least in part from the fly ash originating from the furnace.
  • the bed material is distinguished by an excellent heat transfer medium which, with a suitable distribution of solid particles, enables a uniform temperature distribution in the fluidized bed reactor, the temperature being easily controllable in a manner known per se, for example via an external fluid bed cooler.
  • a fluidized bed reactor 1, 1 ' a fluidized bed reactor 1, 1 ', only the lower part of which is shown in the drawing is a diffuser area that widens conically upwards 2, in which a cylindrical channel 4 for Introducing the process gases to be treated opens.
  • the Process gases forming a core jet K flow in the direction of the arrow through the cylindrical channel 4 into the fluidized bed reactor, 1, 1 '.
  • the diffuser area 2 forms together with the cylindrical channel 4 and one on these at the bottom adjoining 5 a venturi-like Entry for the process gases.
  • the outlet opening is 8 of the cylindrical channel 4 opposite the Bottom edge zone 6 into the interior of the fluidized bed reactor 1 added.
  • FIG. 2 of a fluidized bed reactor 1 ' is the outlet opening 8 'in the same plane as the bottom edge zone 6.
  • Nozzles 9 are used. About the nozzles 9 are in the fluidized bed reactor 1 concentrically and preferably parallel to that emerging from the outlet opening 8 Core jet K a plurality of auxiliary gas flows denoted by arrows H. injected into the fluidized bed reactor 1.
  • the auxiliary gas flows about concentric in several circles around the Channel 4 arranged bottom openings 10 'injected, whereby a uniform soil fluidization in the annular Bottom edge zone 6 is reached.
  • the auxiliary gas flows both through the nozzles 9th as well as to inject through the bottom openings 10 'at the same time.
  • the auxiliary gas flows can either be from an additional Gas or part or all of the process gas be formed.
  • At one that takes place in the fluidized bed reactor Afterburning is advantageously an oxygen-containing one Gas, preferably with the auxiliary gas streams H, supplied.
  • the invention is further illustrated by the following example illustrated.
  • Air was injected into the afterburning chamber of a pilot plant for the afterburning of process gases as auxiliary gas flows over 12 lances with a diameter of 10 mm between 50 and 250 m 3 / h iN (corresponding to an exit speed of 15-75 m / s iN).
  • 15 to 50 m 3 / h iN (corresponding to a fluidization rate of 0.08-0.27 m / s iN) were injected with a further auxiliary gas stream for the soil fluidization.
  • the amount of flue gas entering the afterburning chamber was 800 to 1400 m 3 / h iN at a temperature of 1200 ° C to 1600 ° C.
  • Typical was a flue gas quantity of 1200 m 3 / h iN and 1500 ° C with an auxiliary gas quantity introduced by lances of 150 m 3 / h iN and optionally a further quantity of auxiliary gas for the soil fluidization of 15 m 3 / h iN
  • the ratio of the outer diameter of the bottom edge zone 6 to the diameter of the channel 4 or the outlet opening 8 for the core jet is preferably 3: 1 to 10: 8.
  • the auxiliary gas streams H swirl the solid particles again loosen up, loosen, hover and promote them into the core jet K without causing deposits and caking comes.
  • Any coarse ash can be easily be deducted (the coarse ash deduction is shown in Fig. 1 and 2 with 11, the withdrawal direction with an arrow A).
  • the coarse ash deduction enables optimization the pressure drop in the fluidized bed reactor. This will also requires a lower suction power, which is a allows simpler construction of the system.
  • a quieter operation due to the method according to the invention achieved by pulsations in the process gas supply is less dependent.
  • both the intern as well as the external solids particle circulation increased.
  • the good mixing of solid particles with Auxiliary gas flows into the core jet cause a lot good quench effect (e.g. from 1600 ° C to 900 ° C). This is for example, of particular importance for flue gas cooling.
  • the aforementioned increase in solid particle circulation also has an increase in the fluid bed cooler extractable for further use Heat energy result.
  • the main advantage of the method according to the invention or the fluidized bed reactor according to the invention in bringing about a constant suspension density distribution in the circulating fluidized bed with a venturi-like Infeed and thus optimal process control within the circulating fluidized bed.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé pour le traitement de gaz de processus industriels, en particulier provenant de la combustion de déchets, dans une couche fluidisée en circulation, les gaz du processus étant introduits par le bas dans la couche fluidisée, en fonction de gaz de fluidisation, par l'intermédiaire d'une entrée du type d'une buse de Venturi, les gaz du processus étant injectés dans la couche fluidisée sous forme d'un jet central (K), caractérisé en ce que des flux de gaz auxiliaires (H) sont simultanément injectés par le bas dans la couche fluidisée en circulation, dans une région de bordure annulaire (6), de manière concentrique au jet central (K) et en ce que dans les zones de bordure de la couche fluidisée en circulation, des particules solides de la couche fluidisée en chute vers le bas sont conduites jusque dans le jet central (k).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les flux de gaz auxiliaires (H) sont injectés parallèlement au jet central (K).
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les gaz dé processus sont au moins partiellement utilisés en fonction de gaz auxiliaires.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un gaz différent des gaz de processus est utilisé en fonction de gaz auxiliaire.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre le diamètre extérieur de la zone de bordure (6) et le diamètre du jet central (K) est compris entre 3 :1 et 10 :8.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'une partie des flux de gaz auxiliaires (H) est injectée à une vitesse de sortie des gaz de 15 à 75 m/s, calculée dans des conditions normales.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, pour provoquer une post-combustion, un gaz contenant de l'oxygène est introduit de préférence sous forme de flux de gaz auxiliaires (H).
  8. Réacteur à couche fluidisée (1, 1') pour réaliser le procédé selon la revendication 1, comprenant une région de diffuseur (2) s'évasant de manière conique vers le haut, qui en association avec une conduite cylindrique (4) et un convergent (5) forme une entrée de type d'une buse de Venturi pour les gaz du processus, qui font office de gaz de fluidisation, une zone de bordure annulaire du fond (6) étant présente entre la conduite (4) et la paroi du réacteur (3) qui forme la zone du diffuseur (2), caractérisé en ce que la zone de bordure annulaire du fond (6) présente une pluralité d'ouvertures dans le fond (10, 10'), réparties de manière homogène et concentrique par rapport à la conduite cylindrique (4), pour l'injection des gaz auxiliaires.
  9. Réacteur à couche fluidisée selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une partie des ouvertures dans le fond (10) est munie de buses (9), pour injecter les flux de gaz auxiliaires.
  10. Réacteur à couche fluidisée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures dans le fond (10') sont disposées en plusieurs cercles concentriques (4) par rapport à la conduite cylindrique (4).
  11. Réacteur à couche fluidisée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la conduite cylindrique (4) saillit dans la zone du diffuseur (2).
  12. Réacteur à couche fluidisée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la conduite cylindrique (4) affleure la zone de bordure du fond (6), côté diffuseur.
  13. Réacteur à couche fluidisée selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'un système d'extraction des cendres grossières est disposé au-dessus de la zone de bordure du fond (6), dans la région inférieure du diffuseur (2).
EP97121573A 1996-12-30 1997-12-08 Procédé et appareil pour le traitement des gaz industriels dans un lit fluidisé circulant Expired - Lifetime EP0851175B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH320096 1996-12-30
CH320096 1996-12-30
CH3200/96 1996-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0851175A1 EP0851175A1 (fr) 1998-07-01
EP0851175B1 true EP0851175B1 (fr) 2002-04-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97121573A Expired - Lifetime EP0851175B1 (fr) 1996-12-30 1997-12-08 Procédé et appareil pour le traitement des gaz industriels dans un lit fluidisé circulant

Country Status (12)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0851175B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3082035B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100271123B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE216476T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2222958A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ293171B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59707042D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2121717T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUP9702470A3 (fr)
NO (1) NO976155L (fr)
PL (1) PL324068A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW354363B (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008054038B3 (de) * 2008-10-30 2010-04-29 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung von Schadstoffemissionen in Verbrennungsanlagen

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101881458B (zh) * 2010-07-16 2012-11-14 李登平 用于处理垃圾焚烧废气的燃烧装置
CN110513705B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2024-03-15 安德森热能科技（苏州）有限责任公司 一种用于废气焚烧的调节比可调的燃烧器
KR102422089B1 (ko) 2019-02-28 2022-07-18 주식회사 엘지화학 유동층 반응기

Family Cites Families (12)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3398718A (en) * 1965-03-10 1968-08-27 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Fluidized-bed coating apparatus
US4065271A (en) * 1973-09-15 1977-12-27 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Process of separating hydrogen fluoride from gases
US4191544A (en) * 1978-03-17 1980-03-04 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Gas cleaning apparatus
JPS5568506A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-05-23 Babcock Hitachi Kk Rotating fluidized bed furnace
DE3307848A1 (de) 1983-03-05 1984-09-06 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur nachverbrennung und reinigung von prozessabgasen
DE3526008A1 (de) * 1985-07-20 1987-01-22 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur entfernung von schadstoffen aus rauchgas
JPH01210795A (ja) 1988-02-18 1989-08-24 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd 粉体燃焼床及び循環流動床燃焼装置
US4940007A (en) * 1988-08-16 1990-07-10 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Fast fluidized bed reactor
FR2644795B1 (fr) * 1989-03-24 1993-12-17 Institut Francais Petrole Procede et dispositif d'injection de la charge d'hydrocarbures dans un procede de craquage catalytique a l'etat fluide
JP3099530B2 (ja) * 1992-06-22 2000-10-16 川崎重工業株式会社 噴流層ごみ焼却炉
US5422080A (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-06-06 Tampella Power Corporation Solids circulation enhancing air distribution grid
DE19510212A1 (de) * 1995-03-21 1996-09-26 Graf Epe Gmbh Gaseinlaß zum Zuführen von Gas in einen Behälter

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008054038B3 (de) * 2008-10-30 2010-04-29 Karlsruher Institut für Technologie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung von Schadstoffemissionen in Verbrennungsanlagen
US9134022B2 (en) 2008-10-30 2015-09-15 Karlsruher Institut Fuer Technologie Method and device for reducing hazardous emissions in internal combustion systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH10206028A (ja) 1998-08-07
NO976155D0 (no) 1997-12-30
HUP9702470A2 (hu) 1999-07-28
JP3082035B2 (ja) 2000-08-28
KR19980064781A (ko) 1998-10-07
CA2222958A1 (fr) 1998-06-30
KR100271123B1 (ko) 2000-12-01
ATE216476T1 (de) 2002-05-15
CZ422997A3 (cs) 1998-11-11
EP0851175A1 (fr) 1998-07-01
ES2121717T1 (es) 1998-12-16
PL324068A1 (en) 1998-07-06
TW354363B (en) 1999-03-11
DE59707042D1 (de) 2002-05-23
CZ293171B6 (cs) 2004-02-18
NO976155L (no) 1998-07-01
HUP9702470A3 (en) 1999-12-28

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