EP0866514A1 - Antenne pour la réception de transmission de radio et télévision dans des véhicules - Google Patents

Antenne pour la réception de transmission de radio et télévision dans des véhicules Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0866514A1
EP0866514A1 EP98104845A EP98104845A EP0866514A1 EP 0866514 A1 EP0866514 A1 EP 0866514A1 EP 98104845 A EP98104845 A EP 98104845A EP 98104845 A EP98104845 A EP 98104845A EP 0866514 A1 EP0866514 A1 EP 0866514A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
window
antennas
connection point
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98104845A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0866514B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Lindenmeier
Jochen Hopf
Leopold Reiter
Rainer Kronberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Fuba Automotive GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP0866514A1 publication Critical patent/EP0866514A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0866514B1 publication Critical patent/EP0866514B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1278—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens in association with heating wires or layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna in motor vehicles in the meter and decimeter wave range e.g. for radio and television reception. It starts from one Multi-antenna system, e.g. used for the design of an antenna diversity system becomes.
  • Such multi-antenna systems are e.g. B. described in EP 0 269 723, DE 36 18 452, DE 39 14 424, Fig. 14, DE 37 19 692, P 36 19 704 and can have different types of antennas, such as rod antennas, windshield antennas or similar use.
  • With sufficient RF decoupling of the antennas causes reception interference, which is related with level drops due to the multipath propagation of the electromagnetic Waves occur when the vehicle is positioned differently in the reception area on. This effect is explained by way of example with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 in EP 0 269 723.
  • a scanning antenna diversity system The operation of a scanning antenna diversity system is to occur a reception disturbance in the signal of the connected antenna to switch to another antenna and in a given reception field the number of reception disturbances Make the leading level underruns at the receiver input as small as possible.
  • This method is extremely effective, but needs an indicator of the one that is occurring Disturbance and a device for switching the antennas and the antennas themselves. In particular the one with the fault indicator and the switching device in connection with the In some cases, the effort required in the recipient cannot be made. On the other hand it is particularly desirable when using an antenna diversity system, the reception quality to be as big as possible.
  • the object of the invention is therefore, with an antenna system according to the preamble of the claim 1 in a vehicle which is in a reception field with statistically incident and superimposed partial waves is moved on usual traffic routes, in the statistical temporal Means without changing the time of the antenna system by switching or adjusting elements to achieve the highest possible reception quality or when using an antenna diversity system during the rest phases - i.e. during the activation time one of the available Receive signals - to improve the reception quality.
  • the result of this is that during a trip Statistical curve of the reception level of each of the antennas recorded over time Behavior shows which is practically independent of the form of the relative azimuthal Directional diagram. Due to the different directional diagrams of the individual antennas and because of their different spatial position and different design the reception level drops of the individual antennas appear on the vehicle not congruent over the route and therefore also over time (see Fig. 1b).
  • the relationship between the reception quality Q dB and the mean value of the logarithmic signal protection distance (S med / S min ) dB is plotted in FIG. 1c and shows that in areas with a signal quality worth receiving Q dB this increases with an increase of (S med / S min ) dB increases by twice the value of this increase.
  • the passive antenna structure with which there is the greatest possible in a receiving area is optimal Value of (S med / S min ) dB results.
  • a method for finding an antenna system optimally formed from a plurality of individual antennas is presented on the vehicle.
  • the signal quality to be expected for radio reception with an antenna can be determined in comparison to a reference antenna - such as the known rod antenna - from the difference of the mean logarithmic values of the available reception levels (S meddB ) of both antennas from the values for all azimuthal angles of incidence.
  • This value can be detected in a particularly effective manner by computer-aided comparative measurements on the antennas mounted on the vehicle, the vehicle being rotated on a rotating stand in defined and sufficiently small angular steps with respect to the direction of incidence of a defined shaft.
  • the value S meddB averaged over all azimuthal angle values (eg in dB ⁇ V) of the vehicle rotated around the entire azimuth range of 360 degrees enables the differences in the reception qualities of the vehicle moving on normal traffic routes to be estimated using the curve shown in FIG. 1c.
  • an antenna with an optimized S meddB focuses on providing the best possible reception for all users, even if the azimuthal directional diagram is deep , but not too wide indents.
  • a measurement run of this type can, however, also be simulated arithmetically by specifying a reception field formed by partial waves incident and overlapping statistically from all azimuthal directions with statistically selected amplitudes.
  • the partial waves corresponding to the complex directional characteristics of the individual antennas and the phase and amplitude values of the phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 lead to contributions which are superimposed on amount and phase at the collecting connection point 5 and form the received signal.
  • the median value of the reception level can then be mathematically optimized on the basis of a variation of the setting of the phase and amplitude values carried out in the computer.
  • the optimization of the median value carried out in this way leads in practice to the same result as the optimization of the median value S meddB from the evaluation of the azimuthal directional diagrams.
  • the antenna connection points 4 for the measurement as connection gates considered in terms of the theory of electrical circuits and their complex overall matrix to describe the relationships between the electrical quantities at these Connection gates, to which later the lines 11 and the line and collecting network 9th to be connected with collective connection point 5.
  • the optimum phase values and the amplitude evaluation factors of the line and collecting network 9 can be determined in a short computing time with regard to a maximum value of (S med / S min ) dB .
  • the phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 can be implemented in the line and collecting network 9 using known circuit technology methods. Examples of this are shown in FIG. 9. Different goals can be pursued for optimization. In the case of narrowband optimization, the median value (S med / S min ) dB will be represented mathematically with respect to a full azimuthal revolution and this value will be optimized by variation calculation. When optimizing a given frequency range (e.g. VHF range), the median value (S med / S min ) dB over all full azimuthal revolutions for all possible reception channels will be represented arithmetically and this value will be optimized by variation calculation.
  • a given frequency range e.g. VHF range
  • the advantage is achieved that the reception quality is always larger on average than is achieved with one of the individual antennas can be.
  • This advantage can be used on the one hand in an antenna system, in which no diversity measures are planned. This is particularly important if no single antenna is available, which has the required reception quality delivers.
  • the required reception quality can be achieved.
  • the reception quality is also desirable if each of the individual antennas detects the reception quality known high quality antennas. This endeavor is supported by the technology of antenna diversity frequently used in practice is confirmed.
  • the present invention can also be used to increase the reception quality Use antenna diversity.
  • An arrangement of this type is exemplified in Fig. 6 and elements for switching off signals are identified as switching networks 15.
  • the individual antennas using the inventive concept summarized to form an antenna system and for switched Switching networks 15 (diodes) the phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 designed accordingly.
  • the phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 designed accordingly.
  • this particularly inexpensive embodiment of the invention become in situations in which the reception contributions result in zero and thus Level drops in the overall signal occur, alternating signals of individual antennas switched off, so that they no longer contribute to the overall signal and the level dip in the overall signal disappears.
  • the invention delivers even when the invention is applied in diversity techniques the overall signal on average better signal quality because during the Rest phases of the diversity system a better signal quality is achieved, as in the task the invention is required.
  • the individual antennas have different azimuthal directional diagrams with the greatest possible azimuthal average gain with low elevation of the incident Have waves and if they are not too close in terms of their radiation centers are such that a sufficient path difference of more than 1/10 of the operating wavelength of waves that excite the antenna.
  • a particularly important embodiment of the invention for the application is the attachment several antennas 1 on a window pane.
  • the formation of such antennas 1 from A heating field on the rear window pane of a car is shown by way of example in FIG. 3.
  • wire-shaped electrical ones are laid or printed on the glass pane Heating conductor to form four antennas 1 with the help of conductors across the heating conductors 20 applied.
  • the heating conductor between the antennas 1 are the inductive and the resistive effect the heating conductor is represented by inductors and resistors.
  • the dashed circle sections qualitatively characterize the regions of the individual that act as capacitive areas Antennas 1.
  • the connecting lines 11 are connected to the antenna connection points 4, as shown for an antenna system according to the invention in Fig.4a or in Fig.4b is.
  • the via the appropriately dimensioned phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 evaluated received signals at the end of the connecting lines 11 in the line and collecting network 9 combined in the connection point 14 and form the total received signal 10 present at the collective connection point 5 with the improved one Reception quality.
  • An antenna arrangement as in Fig. 3, with respect to the gates 4 in their overall behavior is described by scattering parameters, in a similar manner to the antennas 1 in FIG. 2 be designed to an antenna with collective connection point 5.
  • the gates 4 via connecting lines, similar to that in FIG. 2, with a line and collecting network 9 are connected, which includes phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12.
  • amplifier circuits 26 can also be contained in the line and collecting network 9 be. It is essential for the invention that that described in the object of the invention Criterion in the signal at the collective connection point 5 is met.
  • the effective relative The spacing of the antennas 1 from one another should, however, be chosen to be large, so that an influence the directional characteristics by combining the antenna signals at the antenna connection point given is.
  • a layer which has only a limitedly conductive surface 7, represents, can be designed as an antenna system with good properties.
  • Such an antenna system is described in Fig. 4a.
  • leads 11 to the line and Collecting network 9 the antenna signals via phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 summarized at the connection point 14 and are at the collective connection point 5 available for forwarding to the recipient.
  • phase and amplitude values in the links 12 using the optimization method specified above can the reception quality of an antenna system thus formed so far increase that they e.g. is on par with a known rod antenna in the FM range, although the surface resistance of the thin layer is between 5 and 10 ohms.
  • the hatched semicircles around the electrodes 2 in Figure 4a qualitatively identify them Electrodes each assigned zones, which are mainly the behavior of the antennas 1 determine with respect to the respective gate 4.
  • FIG. 4b Another example of an antenna system according to the invention is a correspondingly designed one Heating field of a rear window pane with parallel printed heating conductors shown in Fig. 4b.
  • the gates 4 are each on the edge of the pane by forming connection points 2 realized on the edge of the pane. It is connected to the heating field either via the busbar or via conductors across the heating conductors 20.
  • a low-noise line amplifier At the end of each of the connecting lines 11 is a low-noise line amplifier at the input of the line and collecting network 9 26 switched, the output signal of a phase element and amplitude evaluation element 12 is supplied.
  • FIGS. 5a and 5b A particularly inexpensive embodiment of the lines 11 in an antenna according to 4a are printed lines as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b along the edge of the Glass pane 6 are shown.
  • 5a shows a coplanar embodiment of the connecting line 11, wherein the conductor located on the edge is preferably used as a ground conductor is.
  • the connection point 2 can be designed as a capacitive surface, which on the opposite glass surface is applied and capacitive with the live Head of the connecting line 11 is connected.
  • Fig. 5b are the ground conductor 7 and Live conductors 11 on both sides of the glass surface opposite each other.
  • connection points 2 of the antennas 1 are by means of Switching networks, which are shown as diodes and controlled by the diversity processor 21 are connected to the line and collecting network 9 via the connecting lines 11.
  • the phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 are in one example Embodiment optimized so that all switching networks are permeable 15 a signal is available at the common connection point 5, which signal is the inventive Criteria suffice.
  • the overall arrangement acts like an antenna, in which, in the event of a level dip, the signals at the gates 4 in the overall signal largely repeal.
  • By successively opening one or more of the switching networks 15 contributions which lead to compensation of the overall signal are removed, so that the level dip disappears.
  • the receiver is thus in the position of the diversity processor, in which the diodes 15 are conductive, according to an improved signal offered the invention and in the event of a dip, the latter by the diversity effect canceled.
  • each connecting line 11 a line amplifier 26 is used, the output of which allows a multiple of each Phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 19 to turn on, so that again the connection of the corresponding outputs of the phase elements and amplitude evaluation elements 12 on the antenna selection switch 16 several signals with directional diagrams from high median are available and from the diversity processor 21 for forwarding to Recipients at the collective connection point 5 can be selected.
  • FIG. 9 shows embodiments of line and collecting networks 9.
  • FIG. 9a shows an arrangement according to the invention with connecting lines 11, phase and amplitude evaluation elements 12, a connection point 14, in which the signals for the overall signal at the collecting connection point 5 are combined.
  • the phase shifts caused by the connecting lines 11 are naturally to be taken into account.
  • the connecting lines 11 and the phase and amplitude evaluation elements 12 are advantageously designed as lines with suitable wave resistances and electrical lengths with a downstream connection point 14 and with impedance matching elements X P1 , X P2 and X S.
  • FIG. 9 c) shows the exemplary dimensioning of an arrangement according to FIG. 9 b) for an implemented antenna system with three antennas 1.
  • the gate shown at the bottom left in FIG. 10 can also be included in the overall matrix and in the variation calculation and in this way improve the reception in the sense of the invention by connecting it to an optimal impedance - usually a reactance.
  • This reactance X is therefore part of the line and collecting network 9 to be optimized, without being contained in this objectively.
  • a broadcast receiving antenna according to the invention is three antennas shown without antenna diversity, an antenna amplifier 13, two line amplifiers 26, a line and collecting network 9 to form an inventive Antenna for the FM range as well as an AM amplifier and an AM / FM crossover 22 are housed.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
EP98104845A 1997-03-22 1998-03-17 Antenne pour la réception de transmission de radio et télévision dans des véhicules Expired - Lifetime EP0866514B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712197 1997-03-22
DE19712197 1997-03-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0866514A1 true EP0866514A1 (fr) 1998-09-23
EP0866514B1 EP0866514B1 (fr) 2001-05-02

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EP98104845A Expired - Lifetime EP0866514B1 (fr) 1997-03-22 1998-03-17 Antenne pour la réception de transmission de radio et télévision dans des véhicules

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6236372B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0866514B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1195339C (fr)
DE (2) DE19806834A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2157100T3 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1246294A3 (fr) * 2001-03-26 2003-11-05 FUBA Automotive GmbH & Co. KG Antenne active réceptrice à large bande
EP1225653A3 (fr) * 2001-01-10 2009-11-25 Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH Antenne diversitée sur une surface diélectrique dans une carosserié d'automobile
EP2457286A4 (fr) * 2009-07-20 2014-07-09 Telcordia Tech Inc Système et procédé d'amélioration des performances mimo de communications sans fil sur véhicule

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DE10010226A1 (de) * 1999-08-31 2001-03-01 Lindenmeier Heinz Antenne auf dem Fenster eines Kraftfahrzeugs
EP1223637B1 (fr) 1999-09-20 2005-03-30 Fractus, S.A. Antennes multiniveau
MXPA02004221A (es) 1999-10-26 2003-08-20 Fractus Sa Agrupaciones multibanda de antenas entrelazadas.
EP1592083B1 (fr) 2000-01-19 2013-04-03 Fractus, S.A. antennes miniatures de remplissage d'espace
JP2004501543A (ja) * 2000-04-19 2004-01-15 アドバンスド　オートモーティブ　アンテナズ　ソシエダット　デ　レスポンサビリダット　リミタダ 改良された自動車用マルチレベルアンテナ
US7511675B2 (en) * 2000-10-26 2009-03-31 Advanced Automotive Antennas, S.L. Antenna system for a motor vehicle
KR20030080217A (ko) 2001-02-07 2003-10-11 프레이투스, 에스.에이. 소형 광대역 고리형 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나
DE20102324U1 (de) 2001-02-08 2001-05-03 FUBA Automotive GmbH & Co. KG, 31162 Bad Salzdetfurth Kraftfahrzeugscheibe mit Antennenstrukturen
DE60128837T2 (de) * 2001-04-16 2008-02-28 Fractus, S.A. Doppelbandige dualpolarisierte gruppenantenne
KR100428139B1 (ko) * 2001-08-28 2004-04-30 현대자동차주식회사 차량용 글라스 안테나
DE10146439C1 (de) 2001-09-20 2002-11-28 Pilkington Automotive D Gmbh Fahrzeugantennenscheibe
US9755314B2 (en) 2001-10-16 2017-09-05 Fractus S.A. Loaded antenna
WO2003034545A1 (fr) * 2001-10-16 2003-04-24 Fractus, S.A. Antenne a plaque microruban multifrequence avec elements couples non alimentes
CN100382385C (zh) 2001-10-16 2008-04-16 弗拉克托斯股份有限公司 加载天线
EP1436858A1 (fr) * 2001-10-16 2004-07-14 Fractus, S.A. Antenne multibande
JP2003318623A (ja) * 2002-02-21 2003-11-07 Toyota Motor Corp 車両用アンテナ装置
DE10245813A1 (de) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Aktive Breitbandempfangsantenne mit Empfangspegelregelung
JP2004193680A (ja) * 2002-12-06 2004-07-08 Fujitsu Ten Ltd 車載用アンテナおよびダイバシティ受信装置
JP2004318466A (ja) * 2003-04-16 2004-11-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 商品券、商品券発行システム及び商品券利用システム
FR2866156B1 (fr) * 2004-02-06 2006-05-05 Composants Electr Soc D Antenne serigraphiee pour lunette arriere et lunette de custode de vehicule automobile de type break.
DE102006039357B4 (de) * 2005-09-12 2018-06-28 Heinz Lindenmeier Antennendiversityanlage zum Funkempfang für Fahrzeuge
US7650173B2 (en) * 2005-10-06 2010-01-19 Flextronics Ap, Llc Combined antenna module with single output
US8738103B2 (en) 2006-07-18 2014-05-27 Fractus, S.A. Multiple-body-configuration multimedia and smartphone multifunction wireless devices
DE102007017478A1 (de) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Empfangsanlage mit einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Unterdrückung von Umschaltstörungen bei Antennendiversity
EP2037593A3 (fr) * 2007-07-10 2016-10-12 Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH Installation de diversité d'antennes pour la réception radio à bande relativement large dans des véhicules
DE102007039914A1 (de) * 2007-08-01 2009-02-05 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antennendiversityanlage mit zwei Antennen für den Funkempfang in Fahrzeugen
DE102008003532A1 (de) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antenne für den Satellitenempfang
JP5023956B2 (ja) * 2007-10-15 2012-09-12 旭硝子株式会社 自動車用ガラスアンテナ
PT2209221T (pt) * 2009-01-19 2018-12-27 Fuba Automotive Electronics Gmbh Sistema de recepção para a soma de sinais de antena em fase
DE102009011542A1 (de) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier Antenne für den Empfang zirkular in einer Drehrichtung der Polarisation ausgestrahlter Satellitenfunksignale
DE102009023514A1 (de) * 2009-05-30 2010-12-02 Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier Antenne für zirkulare Polarisation mit einer leitenden Grundfläche
JP6169586B2 (ja) 2011-10-28 2017-07-26 コーニング インコーポレイテッド 赤外線反射能を有するガラス物品および同物品を製造する方法
CN107531562B (zh) 2015-04-30 2021-05-28 康宁股份有限公司 具有离散的金属银层的导电制品及其制造方法
DE102015211336A1 (de) * 2015-06-19 2016-12-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Sendeempfänger, Fahrzeug, Verfahren und Computerprogramm für einen Sendeempfänger
KR101827706B1 (ko) * 2016-09-20 2018-02-12 현대자동차주식회사 차량 및 차량의 제어 방법
KR102751890B1 (ko) 2020-06-26 2025-01-09 삼성전자주식회사 차량에 탑재된 안테나 디바이스 및 안테나 디바이스의 스위칭 방법
US12040537B2 (en) * 2021-05-19 2024-07-16 Fuba Automotive Electronics Gmbh Radiation coupled antennas with network
CN113472460B (zh) * 2021-05-26 2022-11-01 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 一种整车级fm天线接收性能测试方法

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1225653A3 (fr) * 2001-01-10 2009-11-25 Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH Antenne diversitée sur une surface diélectrique dans une carosserié d'automobile
EP1246294A3 (fr) * 2001-03-26 2003-11-05 FUBA Automotive GmbH &amp; Co. KG Antenne active réceptrice à large bande
EP2457286A4 (fr) * 2009-07-20 2014-07-09 Telcordia Tech Inc Système et procédé d'amélioration des performances mimo de communications sans fil sur véhicule

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59800657D1 (de) 2001-06-07
ES2157100T3 (es) 2001-08-01
EP0866514B1 (fr) 2001-05-02
US6236372B1 (en) 2001-05-22
CN1195339C (zh) 2005-03-30
DE19806834A1 (de) 1998-09-24
CN1195904A (zh) 1998-10-14

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