Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
  • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
  • G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2305/55—Liquid crystals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/412—Transparent
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2551/00—Optical elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
  • C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
  • C09K2323/031—Polarizer or dye

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to the field of polarizers for liquid crystal display applications, and specifically to liquid crystal polymer-based polarizers. 5
• Polarizers are important components of liquid crystal displays.
• LCDs Liquid crystal displays
• PCs notebook Personal Computers 0
• a useful review article is "Digital Displays” by in Kirk- Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Third edition, Volume 7, page 726 (1 979), Wiley-lnterscience Publication, John Wiley & 5 Sons, New York.
• Polarizers are used in the form of film, the polarizer film (also called polarizing film) .
• the liquid crystal elements are generally sandwiched between two layers of polarizing films.
• Traditional polarizing films comprise a stretched polymer film such as, for example, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a dichroic absorber and other optional layers.
• the dichroic absorber is usually iodine or a dichroic dye that is absorbed in the polymer film.
• Some such disadvantages include, for example, non-uniformity, separation of the absorber over time, susceptibility to moisture and the like. For this reason, liquid crystalline polymer-based polarizers are being developed for polarizers. The process of molding or extrusion generally achieves a high degree of stable orientation in such polymers.
• compositions disclosed therein are liquid crystalline polyesters which comprise repeat units corresponding to the formula: wherein P ⁇ P 2 and P 3 represent monomeric moieties with P 1 being an aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid, P 2 being an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and P 3 being a phenol; and m, n and q represent mole percent of the respective monomers ranging from 5-70 mole percent individually. Additional monomers may also be present.
• a preferred composition in the same patent is a film-forming wholly aromatic thermotropic liquid crystal polyester which comprises five monomeric moieties derived from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, 4,4'- dihydroxybiphenyl, 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and resorcinol in a molar ratio 30:20:10:30:10 respectively.
• Such LCPs are converted to polarizing films by combining them with suitable dichroic absorbers and then melt extrusion to yield the films.
• the polarizer films are subjected to further processing steps which include lamination to an optically transparent polymeric layer which is generally a thermoplastic. This lamination may require the use of adhesives depending on the adhesion of the polymeric layer to the melt extruded polarizer film.
• LCP films typically exhibit a degree of machine direction-oriented surface texture and therefore need polishing prior to further use.
• the films especially in the required thickness of 1 mil (25 ⁇ m) or less, easily fibrillate and are also damaged easily during processes such as, for example, slitting and winding operations.
• Subsequent lamination of the polarizer films to the optically transparent polymeric layer preserves these defects and hence substantially reduces the utility of the film in devices where surface quality is critical for optical applications.
• preparing a polarizing film followed by further lamination to a thermoplastic involves extra steps which make the process uneconomical in addition to possible creation of additional defects.
• LCPs cover layers are non-adherent, and are peeled off after the coextrusion.
• a typical LCP for polarizer applications is a mixture of an LCP polymer and a dichroic dye, where the dye has been dissolved in, blended with or absorbed in the LCP.
• a suitable process that provides a laminate from which the cover layers need not be peeled off will be highly useful for such LCPs.
• polarizer films which contain surface protecting films thereon that need not be delaminated but may be suitable for processing to a device by conventional processing methods. It is a still further objective of this invention to provide polarizer laminates prepared by fewer number of steps and with fewer defects.
• the laminates comprise an LCP-based polarizer film in intimate contact with surface layers of a suitable non-peelable, non-liquid crystalline polymer sheath on both sides of the polarizer film.
• the LCP-based polarizer film comprises a mixture of a suitable LCP and a dichroic absorber.
• Such improved laminate is prepared by a process comprising lining an LCP-based polarizer on both sides with the non- liquid crystalline polymer by a process of coextrusion.
• a suitable LCP-based polarizer is melted in a suitable extruder.
• the non-LCP polymer is also converted into a melt stream and coextrusion is performed such that the LCP film is lined on both sides by the non-LCP film to produce the inventive laminates.
• the external layers in the laminate provide sufficient strength to the LCP film during any subsequent processing steps such as, for example, winding, slitting and transport.
• the external layers are also suitable for further processing of the laminate to make liquid crystal display (“LCD”) devices since those layers need not be peeled off (delaminated) and are compatible with such further processing steps.
• LCD liquid crystal display
• the present invention discloses improved polarizer laminates.
• the laminates comprise a polarizer film located between two integral layers of a non-liquid crystalline polymer.
• integrated herein refers to the fact that the layers are not peeled off after lamination but stay as attached part of the polarizer.
• the polarizer film comprises a mixture of a liquid crystalline polymer and a dichroic absorber wherein the dichroic absorber is not covalently linked to he liquid crystalline polymer chain.
• the non-liquid crystalline polymer used for the cover layer is preferably a thermoplastic polymer.
• the laminate is prepared by coextruding the polarizing film with the non-liquid crystalline polymer film.
• the coextruded laminates show a remarkable and significant improvement over conventional polarizer laminates.
• the latter are prepared by conventional monolayer extrusion, which is described, for example, in pending application, Serial No. 08/460,288, followed by a separate lamination to a thermoplastic layer.
• the improved quality of the inventive laminates are clearly seen by optical micrograph examination.
• the invention is particularly suitable for LCP-based polarizers.
• LCP-based polarizers examples include liquid crystal polymers in such polarizers, polyamide, polyesteramide, polyketone, polyether and the like. Liquid crystalline polyesters are preferred.
• a suitable LCP disclosed in the '288 application comprises repeat units corresponding to the formula:
• P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , P 4 and P 5 represent monomeric moieties with P 1 being an aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid, P 2 being an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, P 3 being a phenol, P 4 being a second aromatic hydroxy carboxylic acid and P 5 being a second phenol; and m, n, q, r and s represent mole percent of the respective monomers with m, n and q ranging from 5-70 mole percent individually, while r and s range from 5-20 mole percent individually.
• Such liquid crystal polymers are combined with a suitable dichroic absorber suitably in order to form the polarizer.
• the dichroic absorber may be organic or inorganic; organic is preferred.
• a suitable organic dichroic absorber is a dye. Suitable dyes are selected from, for example, straight chain dyes, branched dyes, direct dyes, disperse dyes, solvent dyes and acidic dyes. Dyed LCP layers practiced in this invention are generally in the 4 to 40 ⁇ m thickness range.
• a suitable non-liquid crystalline polymer which forms the cover layers for the inventive laminates is a non-liquid crystalline polymer, preferably a thermoplastic.
• Suitable thermoplastics include, for example, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyolefins, polyacrylates, polyestercarbonates, polyamides, polyketones, polyethers, cyclic olefin homopolymer, cyclic olefin copolymer ("COC") and the like. Important criteria for their selection include their optical clarity, low birefringence, as well as their thermal and mechanical properties. Preferred are the polyesters, many of which are well-known thermoplastics. Examples are polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”) and polybutylene terephthalate (“PBT”). The cover layer thickness is generally in the 0.5 mil to 2 mil (2.5-50 ⁇ m) range in the practice of the present invention.
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• PBT polybutylene terephthalate
• the cover layer thickness is generally in the 0.5 mil to 2 mil (2.5-50 ⁇ m) range in the practice of the present invention.
• the cover layer polymer on either side of the LCP may be the same or different polymer provided they have suitable optical, thermal and the like properties as noted above. It is preferable that the surface polymer films possess good adhesion to the liquid crystal polymer film in the laminate. In such a case, one need not use an adhesive layer in between. If, however, the layers do not adhere well, or if one prefers still better adhesion, a suitable adhesive tie layer may also be present in the laminate, prepared in the same extrusion process. Suitable adhesives are commercially available such as, for example, the ADMER brand adhesive supplied by Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Limited, Tokyo, Japan. Suitable thickness for the adhesive tie layers are generally in the range 0.5 to 1 mil (2.5-25 ⁇ m). When an adhesive tie layer is used, the laminate construction would be surface layer/adhesive/LCP polarizer/adhesive/surface layer. Again, the same or different adhesives may be used provided they have suitable optical, thermal as well as curing properties.
• COTBPR comprises repeat units from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid, resorcinol, 4,4'-biphenol and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid in the respective molar ratio 30:20: 10:30:10.
• COTBPR was blended with the dichroic dye Methylene Violet Bernthsen ® (from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin) in order to make the polarizing material.
• the same PET material (a bottle grade PET resin from Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Somerville, New Jersey) was used for the cover layer. Coextrusion was performed using the equipment and conditions described in the Examples section below to obtain the inventive laminate where the cover layers were integral parts of the laminate.
• the laminate was suitable for further processing steps as in conventional methods to fabricate devices such as, for example, liquid crystal display devices.
• the present invention has several key advantages over prior known (monolayer extruded and then laminated) polarizer laminates and processes for preparing them.
• the advantages include ease of operation as well as cost advantages arising from the single coextrusion step versus multi-step production of polarizer film followed by lamination. Surface imperfections are significantly reduced. Quality advantages also exist due to the elimination of multiple steps where contaminates can be introduced into the laminate structure.
• Example 1 Preparation of COTBPR: This example illustrates the preparation of COTBPR polyester from a 1 mole reaction mixture of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (“HBA”), 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid
• HNA terephthalic acid
• BP 4,4'-biphenol
• the flask was thoroughly purged of oxygen by evacuation and then flushed with nitrogen three times, and slowly heated in the oil bath; and f) 0.02 grams of potassium acetate was added as a catalyst along with 105.48 grams of acetic anhydride (2.5% excess) .
• Acetic acid began to distill over and was collected in a graduated cylinder.
• the contents of the flask were heated while stirring at a rate of 2000 rpm to 200°C over a period of 60 minutes at which time 10 ml of acetic acid had been collected.
• the reaction temperature was then gradually raised at a rate of about 1 °C/ min to 320°C at which time 96 ml of acetic acid had been collected.
• the flask was heated at 320°C for another 60 min.
• the resulting polyester had an inherent viscosity (IV) of 2.0 - 2.4 dl/g as determined in a pentafluorophenol solution of 0.1 percent by weight concentration at 60°C and a melt viscosity (MV) of 550 poise at a shear rate of 10 3 sec 1 measured at 230°C in a capillary rheometer using an orifice of 1 mm diameter and 30mm length.
• IV inherent viscosity
• MV melt viscosity
• Example 2 Preparation Of Dye Blended COTBPR By Melt Blending: 60 grams of the COTBPR from Example 1 and 0.3 gram of Methylene Violet Bernthsen were charged into the mixing chamber of a Haake Mixer (Model # 3042309 from Haake Company, Paramus, New Jersey). The mixing ball and its contents were heated to 240°C over about 30 minutes and then the charge was blended at a rotational speed of 100 rpm for 10 minutes at the temperature. The mixture of polymer and dye was removed from the ball and allowed to cool to the ambient temperature.
• a Haake Mixer Model # 3042309 from Haake Company, Paramus, New Jersey
• Example 3 Coextrusion Experiments: A coextrusion was performed using a 2 inch extruder to extrude the dyed COTBPR in Example 2 and a 3.5 inch Egan extruder (from Egan Davis Standard, Somerville, New Jersey) to extrude a bottle resin grade polyethylene terephthalate. The two melt streams were combined in a commercial ABA ("A” refers to the PET layers, and "B” refers to the dyed COTBPR layer) configuration feedblock (from Cloeren, Inc., Orange, Texas) and extruded through a commercial 12" wide coathanger die (from Extrusion Dyes, Inc., Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin). Extrusion conditions are provided in Table 1 :
• the laminate structure exhibits good integrity under normal handling conditions.
• the inner COTBPR layer had a Hermans Orientation Factor (gaussion fit) of 0.88 and a dichroic ratio of 4, as measured by standard techniques.
• the PET glazing layers are unoriented.
• PET, dyed COTBPR, and an adhesive tie layer are coextruded similar to the procedure in Example 3 to produce a PET/tie layer/dyed LCP/tie layer/PET structure having improved adhesion between the PET glazing layers and the LCP layer.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Polarising Elements (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
• Polyamides (AREA)
• Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)

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• 1996
  • 1996-12-05 US US08/761,109 patent/US5863622A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1997
  • 1997-10-06 WO PCT/US1997/017961 patent/WO1998024862A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 1997-10-06 DE DE69709170T patent/DE69709170T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1997-10-06 JP JP52555998A patent/JP2001505670A/ja active Pending
  • 1997-10-06 EP EP97945502A patent/EP0946673B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

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