EP1005574A2 - Procede de production de polymeres d'acide nucleique - Google Patents

Procede de production de polymeres d'acide nucleique

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Publication number
EP1005574A2
EP1005574A2 EP98947434A EP98947434A EP1005574A2 EP 1005574 A2 EP1005574 A2 EP 1005574A2 EP 98947434 A EP98947434 A EP 98947434A EP 98947434 A EP98947434 A EP 98947434A EP 1005574 A2 EP1005574 A2 EP 1005574A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oligonucleotides
linkable
nucleic acid
polymerase
primary strand
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Application number
EP98947434A
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German (de)
English (en)
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Peter Hegemann
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP1005574A2 publication Critical patent/EP1005574A2/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • C07K14/43504—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates
    • C07K14/43595—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from invertebrates from coelenteratae, e.g. medusae

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing nuclear acid polymers
  • Another method for producing long nucleic acid polymers is the so-called fill-in method, in which two single-stranded nucleic acid chains are hybridized with one another, overhanging ends being filled in with the aid of DNA polymerases, so that the double-stranded product is longer than the oligonucleotides used, but also the Fill-m method cannot produce a product that is longer than the sum of the two nuclear acid chains used
  • Khorana developed a process named after him, in which several chemically synthesized oligonucleotides with an average length of 15 nucleotides, which overlap in a suitable arrangement without gaps, were enzymatically linked to a double strand by polynucleotide ligase (Khorana, HG et al, J Mol Biol 27, 209 -17, 1972, and subsequent publications, Khorana, HG et al, J Biol Chem 251, 3 (10), 565-70, 1976 and subsequent publications) by sequentially ligating a few (4-8) oligonucleotides into longer intermediates, purifying the intermediates and subsequent ligation of the intermediates with one another, double-stranded nuclear acid chains with a length of 514 base pairs (Edge, MD et al, Nature 292, 756-62, 1981), were synthesized later up to approximately 1000 bp, which could then be cloned into bacterial expression vectors
  • Khorana The methods described by Khorana are usually radiolabelled in order to identify the band of the desired product in the gel highly radioactive 32 P marker represents a potential hazard that could not be avoided with this method
  • the present invention has for its object to provide an uncomplicated, reliable and inexpensive method for the synthesis of nucleic acid polymers with a length of more than 1000 bases in one step, in which the disadvantages listed above can be overcome
  • linkable oligonucleotides which, when arranged continuously and after linking, can form a primary strand
  • one or more non-linkable oligonucleotides each of the non-linkable oligonucleotides comprising two mutually bordering regions, the first of which is the 3 'end of a linkable Oligonucleotide is complementary and the second of which is complementary to the 5 'end of a further linkable oligonucleotide
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The method according to the invention is shown schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Khorana process it offers the decisive advantage that the synthesis of a single-stranded nucleic acid polymer can be carried out in a single reaction batch. All the linkable and non-linkable oligonucleotides required for the synthesis of the primary strand are used simultaneously; by adding a linking agent, a paris strand of covalently linked oligonucleotides is formed which can reach a length of more than 1000, for example 1500 bases.
  • steps (b) and (c) are repeated several times, the oligonucleotides previously hybridized with one another being separated from each other before each repetition of these two steps, i.e.
  • the double strand previously formed by the hybridization is denatured.
  • the denaturation can be carried out by increasing the temperature or increasing the pH value can be carried out in a manner known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the multiple denaturing and renaturing with subsequent linking leads to a considerable improvement in the yield of P ⁇ marstrang, which is otherwise impaired, for example, by chain breaks which are a consequence of the incorporation of incompletely phosphorylated P ⁇ marstrangoligonucleotide
  • the effect of such chain terminations on the overall yield is minimized by repeating steps (b) and (c)
  • steps (b) and (c) are carried out not only once, but several times. In a preferred embodiment, they are repeated 1 to 8 times, particularly preferably 3 to 5 times
  • the number of oligonucleotides used can vary between 2 linkable oligonucleotides and 150 linkable oligonucleotides.
  • the number of non-linkable oligonucleotides is in each case equal to the number of linkable oligonucleotides, one higher or one lower, at least one, preferably between 5 and 100, particularly preferred 10 and 50 linkable oligonucleotides used
  • the linking of the linkable oligonucleotides of the Pmarmar strand can comprise different reactions.
  • Linking here is understood to mean, for example, a reaction of an enzymatic, chemical or also photochemical nature.
  • T4-DNA ligases are used as linking agents
  • a thermostable ligase for example Pfu ligase (Stratagene)
  • Pfu ligase (Stratagene)
  • thermostable ligase for example Pfu ligase (Stratagene)
  • T4 DNA ligase thermolabile DNA ligases
  • the use of this thermostable ligase allows the steps of hybridizing and ligating the oligonucleotides to be carried out at high temperatures of 45 ° to 80 ° C., preferably 70 ° C.
  • oligonucleotides to be linked must be labeled on the terminal nucleotides with photosensitive molecules which contain carbon-carbon double bonds and which can be subjected to (2 + 2) photocyclodimensation, such as, for example Stilbene, allen, mono-, di- and triendicarboxylic acid derivatives or styrene derivatives
  • the non-linkable oligonucleotides only serve as a template for the formation of the nucleic acid polymer.
  • these oligonucleotides are not phosphorylated at their 5 'end. This means that these oligonucleotides are enzymatically linked, which are only responsible for the attachment of the linkable oligonucleotides in the desired arrangement , not possible
  • non-linkable oligonucleotides in which, for example, the 3 'end is a dideoxynucleotide or a thionucleond. Corresponding modifications are also possible at the 5' end.
  • the method can also be used with non-linkable oligonucleotides which are phosphorylated at the 3 'end This modification likewise prevents the enzymatic linkage of the oligonucleotides.
  • non-linkable oligonucleotides must be designed such that they cannot form a covalent bond to the respectively adjacent non-linkable oligonucleotide under the conditions chosen for linking the oligonucleotides forming the primary strand
  • the oligonucleotides used in the method according to the invention can have a length of 30 to 1500 nucleotides.
  • the length of the nucleotide selected in each case is dependent on several factors, including the probability of the formation of secondary structures and the purity of the selected starting materials. However, it is preferred that the oligonucleotides have a length of 30 to 200, particularly preferably 30 to 100 or 30 to 60 nucleotides
  • the single-stranded nucleic acid polymers already generated in the synthesis can in turn be combined with the method according to the invention into single-stranded nucleic acid polymers of several kilobases in length (FIG. 3).
  • the method is carried out as explained above, with linkable oligonucleotides for the P ⁇ marstrang nucleic acid polymers of, for example, 1500 bases can be used
  • the non-linkable oligonucleotides which are intended to ensure the correct arrangement of the oligonucleotides of the P ⁇ mar strand next to one another, are possibly only 30 to 50 nucleotides long.This order of magnitude allows hybridization with two oligonucleotides of the P ⁇ mar strand to be arranged adjacent to one another
  • the use of non-linkable oligonucleotides with up to 300 nucleotides or more is also possible and, where, for example, otherwise strong secondary structures have been formed in the primary strand, can be very useful
  • Each of the non-linkable oligonucleotides contains two adjoining regions, which have complementate with the 3 'or 5' end of two adjacent oligonucleotides for the primary strand.
  • the regions of complementary between the linkable oligonucleotides for the primary strand and the non-linkable oligonucleotide nucleotides of the opposite strand are each about 15 to 30 base pairs long, preferred
  • a preferred embodiment of the method then consists in an upstream reaction of attaching the terminal oligonucleotides for the P ⁇ mar strand and / or oligonucleotides complementary to the terminal oligonucleotides of the P ⁇ mar strand to the ends of a linearized vector, to link them to the vector and subsequently to carry out the method according to claim 1
  • the vector ends are preferably cohesive.
  • This method leads to a circulated product which can be transfected directly into a suitable host organism, for example bacteria, sucker or insect cells.
  • "transfection” includes various techniques, how to understand eg electroporation microinjection infection transfection supported by eg "Ca-P0 4 ", DEAE, hydrophobic molecules etc.
  • either the 5'-end oligonucleotide of the pmarmar strand at its 5'-end or the 3'-end oligonucleotide of the pmarmar strand at its 3'-end is provided with a hapten or both terminal oligonucleotides with different haptens. This is made possible the fixation of the oligonucleotide coupled to the hapten before or after its linkage with other oligonucleotides of the primary strand to a fixed support. This separates the hapten-coupled strand from all precursors and by-products without hapten z.
  • the chosen hapten-carrier combination must be stable under the intended conditions.
  • a preferred hapten is eg biotin, which is bound by streptavidm coupled to a carrier.
  • the oligonucleotides can be coupled with antigens which are recognized and bound by antibodies fixed to a carrier. The further synthesis of the primary strand or one of the further steps described below can then be carried out on this carrier.
  • the second hapten could be useful, for example, for detection methods to be carried out later with the nucleic acid polymer
  • a polymerase enzyme is added to the reaction mixture of a synthesis reaction carried out in accordance with the present process in order to convert the primary strand, which is a single nucleic acid strand, into a to form a klemsaure double strand or to specifically amplify the complementary strand (ie the opposite strand to the primary strand) (asymmetric PCR)
  • a specific primer is an oligonucleotide (backwinder) which is complementary to the 3 'end of the complete primary strand
  • the reaction mixture of a synthesis reaction carried out according to the present method a polymerase enzyme and additionally terminal forward and backward separators are added in large excess to the synthesis product used.
  • a polymerase enzyme and additionally terminal forward and backward separators are added in large excess to the synthesis product used.
  • the principle of the polymerase chain reaction (Saiki et al, Science 239, 487 -491, 1988) from the single-stranded nucleic acid polymers, double-stranded nucleic acid polymers
  • the polymerase enzyme is selected from the group of DNA polymerases, eg BE coli polymerase I, Klenow polymerase, T4 DNA polymerase and reverse transceptase.
  • the nucleic acid double strands formed in this way can be either DNA-DNA double strands or DNA-RNA double strands be (Kleppe et al, Proc NatI Acad
  • the added polymerase is a temperature-stable polymerase, for example Taq polymerase.
  • the temperature-stable enzyme loses only a little of its activity even after several temperature cycles and can therefore catalyze the polymerase reactions of several successive cycles
  • the polymerase reaction is preferably carried out repeatedly several times in order to amplify the nucleic acid double strand exponentially.
  • each cycle comprises denaturing already existing nuclear acid double strands by conventional measures, for example by increasing the temperature or the pH. the attachment of terminal polymers under suitable conditions and a polymerase-catalyzed nucleic acid synthesis.
  • a temperature-stable polymerase the addition of further polymerase is unnecessary, but where one of the non-temperature-stable polymerases has been used for the polymerization reaction, this is inactivated by the thermal denaturation, in this case, fresh polymerase enzyme must be added in each cycle.
  • the polymerase reaction is usually carried out 5 to 15 times, preferably about 8 to 12 times. The main advantage the repetition of the polymerase reaction is then that due to the position of the primers (final) targeted complete synthesis product can be exponentially amplified
  • the denaturation of the double strands is usually carried out at temperatures of more than 90 ° C.
  • the reaction mixture is then slowly cooled so that the final primers, depending on their composition, can hybridize with the single strands at temperatures between 80 ° C. and 45 ° C.
  • Polymerase-catalyzed DNA synthesis can be carried out using a temperature-stable enzyme in the range from 45 to 70 ° C, which minimizes the formation of u ⁇ specific hybrids
  • the present invention furthermore relates to a single-stranded nucleic acid polymer which has been obtained by the process according to the invention.
  • a single-stranded nucleic acid polymer which has been obtained by the process according to the invention.
  • primary strands must be designed so that they are complementary to one another at their 3 'end in a range of a few base pairs, for example 20 to 60, preferably 30 to 40 base pairs, so that in a subsequent in vitro or in vivo polymerase reaction, the 3 'end of each primary strand can serve as a polymer for a mattress-dependent polymerase
  • Figure 1 describes a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a detailed view of the overlap area between two adjacent linkable oligonucleotides and a non-linkable oligonucleotide, which comprises two adjacent regions, one of which is complementary to the 3 'end of a first linkable oligonucleotide and the second of which the 5' end of a second linkable oligonucleotide is complementary
  • the overlap area between a region of the non-linkable oligonucleotide with the complementary region of one of the linkable oligonucleotides should be at least 15 bp
  • Figure 3 illustrates the implementation of the method with very long linkable oligonucleotides, which are correctly arranged next to one another by hybridization with much shorter non-linkable oligonucleotides.For this purpose, it is sufficient if the non-linkable oligonucleotides ensure stable hybridization with the two linkable oligonucleotides to be arranged adjacent without having to be complementary to the entire later primary strand
  • Figure 4 shows the principle of the Fill-m method using the example of two long oligonucleotides that are only complementary in their 3 'region. By hybridizing the complementary 3' regions, the 3 'end of each of the oligonucleotides serves as a polymer for a polymerase reaction along the template of the each other oligonucleotides
  • Figure 5 a) Oligonucleotides for the synthesis of the primary strand of the algal-adapted GFP mutant S65T / F64L (FG1 to FG15) b) Oligonucleotides of the opposite strand (not connectable) (FG14rev to FGIrev) c) Ohgon nucleotide FG15rev, polymer for the synthesis of the polymerase-catalyzed catalyst Figure 6 Modified gene (S65T / F64L) for the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) from Aquorea victorea.
  • S65T / F64L Green Fluorescent Protein
  • the gene was modified compared to the natural GFP gene in such a way that it only contains codons preferred by green algae, for example Chlamvdomonas
  • the underlined nucleotides were only filled in by the polymerase reaction (matrix FG15rev)
  • the following shows the synthesis of a modified gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victorea.
  • the codon usage is modified in the synthetic gene in such a way that the codons of green algae such as Chlamvdomonas are preferred.
  • 30 oligonucleotides with a length of 45 to 50 bases used
  • the oligonucleotides of the primary strand are designated as FG1 to FG15 and are 45 to 47 bases long.
  • the non-linkable oligonucleotides of the complementary strand are designated as FG rev to FGI rev and are 46 bases (FG14rev to FGI rev) long
  • Sequences of the oligonucleotides are shown in Fig. 5a, b
  • the reaction was carried out in a programmable thermal cycler.
  • the oligonucleotides which form the linkable strand were phosphorylated at the 5 'end before the synthesis reaction
  • Step 1 oligonucleotide phosphorylation at the 5 'end (100 ⁇ l mixture)
  • T4 polynucleotide kmase 10 units Biolabs
  • the reaction is carried out at 37 ° C. for 4 h and then terminated by incubation at 95 ° C. for 5 minutes.
  • Step 2 carrier-free nucleotide polymer synthesis (primary strand)
  • the reaction was carried out in a programmable thermal cycler. Recombinant Pfu DNA ligase from Stratagene was used. The buffer conditions were changed to the ligase conditions with KCI, NP-40, MgCI 2 , whereby the ions were taken into account in the kinase batch.
  • the reaction mixture is incubated for 3 minutes at 95 ° C. and for 3 minutes at 80 ° C. During the incubation at 80 ° C., 3 ⁇ l of Pfu DNA ligase (12 units of thermostable ligase from Stratagene) are added and the following temperature cycle is then carried out 3 times:
  • Variant 1 The product is precipitated to separate the Pfu ligase, if necessary amplified and cloned using PCR and Taq polymerase.
  • Variant 2 In order to facilitate the separation, the primer FG1 is used biotinylated. After completion of the synthesis, the reaction mixture is adjusted to pH 13 with NaOH Streptavidin magnetic balls (Dynal) are added and the synthesis product is held in place with a magnet on the wall of the reaction vessel, while all the backwashers, unused forward packers and ligase are removed with the supernatant. The clean synthesis product, now coupled to streptavidm, is placed in 30 ⁇ l of neutral buffer recorded and can, for example, be amplified as in step 3 (see below)
  • Variant 1 1 ⁇ l of the synthesis product are amplified in 1 cycle with 1 U of thermostable Pfu polymerase (Stratagene) in 12 cycles in a standard buffer (It manufacturer) in a 50 ⁇ l batch.
  • the oligonucleotide FG1 serves as the forward spanner, the oligonucleotide FG15rev (50 bases, Fig. 5c) final concentration 25 pmol per 50 ⁇ l.
  • Variant 2 For amplification by means of PCR, two terminal polymers are added which have a total length of 30 or 33 bases, of which only 21 or 24 bp hybridize with the synthesis product. The "overhangs" each contain an interface of the "multiple cloning region" of the vector pBenesc ⁇ pt II KS ' (Stratagene) The amplified product is cut with the enzymes Xhol and Knpl, purified using Quiaex II (Quiagen) and cloned by default

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Abstract

La synthèse classique de polymères d'acides nucléiques à partir de plusieurs oligonucléotides comprend plusieurs cycles de la synthèse des produits intermédiaires, la purification des produits intermédiaires et la synthèse d'un produit de longueur complète (d'une longueur maximale d'environ 1000 nucléotides). Le nouveau procédé doit être réalisé en une étape de réaction et donner des polymères d'acides nucléiques de plus de 1000 nucléotides. Selon l'invention, on prépare au moins deux oligonucléotides pouvant se lier et pouvant former, en disposition continue et après liaison, un boudin primaire. Chacun des nucléotides ne pouvant pas être liés comprend deux zones adjacentes dont la première est complémentaire de l'extrémité 3' d'un oligonucléotide pouvant être lié et dont la deuxième est complémentaire de l'extrémité 5' d'un autre oligonucléotide pouvant être lié. Les nucléotides pouvant être liés sont hybridés avec les zones complémentaires des oligonucléotides ne pouvant pas être liés. Ensuite ils sont liés par voie enzymatique, chimique ou photochimique. Ce procédé convient à la synthèse de novo de longues chaînes d'acide nucléique.
EP98947434A 1997-08-22 1998-08-17 Procede de production de polymeres d'acide nucleique Withdrawn EP1005574A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19736591A DE19736591A1 (de) 1997-08-22 1997-08-22 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Nukleinsäurepolymeren
DE19736591 1997-08-22
PCT/EP1998/005219 WO1999010358A2 (fr) 1997-08-22 1998-08-17 Procede de production de polymeres d'acide nucleique

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WO (1) WO1999010358A2 (fr)

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US6472184B1 (en) 2002-10-29
DE19736591A1 (de) 1999-02-25
DE29823795U1 (de) 2000-03-02
WO1999010358A3 (fr) 1999-08-05

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