EP1038980A2 - Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux - Google Patents

Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP1038980A2
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: feedstock; waste gases; sinter; strand; temperature
Prior art date: 1999-03-19
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP00301900A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP1038980B1 (fr

EP1038980A3 (fr

Inventor

Stuart Martyn Southern

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Corus UK Ltd

Original Assignee

Corus UK Ltd

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1999-03-19

Filing date

2000-03-08

Publication date

2000-09-27

2000-03-08 Application filed by Corus UK Ltd filed Critical Corus UK Ltd

2000-09-27 Publication of EP1038980A2 publication Critical patent/EP1038980A2/fr

2000-12-06 Publication of EP1038980A3 publication Critical patent/EP1038980A3/fr

2005-09-14 Application granted granted Critical

2005-09-14 Publication of EP1038980B1 publication Critical patent/EP1038980B1/fr

2020-03-08 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/16—Sintering; Agglomerating
- C22B1/20—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates
- C22B1/205—Sintering; Agglomerating in sintering machines with movable grates regulation of the sintering process

Definitions

This invention relates to the suppression of toxic byproducts which are generated during sintering of iron ore.
the invention concerns a method of and apparatus for suppressing the synthesis of chloro-organic pollutants, especially polychlorinated dioxins and furins (hereinafter referred to as PCDD/Fs), and the release of acidic gases during sintering.
PCDD/Fs polychlorinated dioxins and furins
the conversion of iron ore into for example iron rich agglomerates, for subsequent reduction in blast furnaces is a process known as sintering.
the sinter process comprises heating a layer of iron ore until partial melting occurs to cause individual iron particles to become fused together.
the heat necessary to achieve this is provided by forced combustion of fine coke (known as coke breeze) which is mixed inter alia with the iron ore to be reduced and fluxes prior to delivery to a sinter plant.
coke breeze fine coke
the process is continuous; a travelling grate transports the sinter mix as a bed to an ignition hood which ignites the coke in the upper surface of the sinter bed. Thereafter, the combustion of the coke lower down in the mix is maintained by air flowing through the bed.
the air flow may be generated by a suction fan.
the travelling grate carries the sinter mix over a series of "wind boxes" which draw air through the sinter mix.
the waste gases pass from wind boxes through "wind legs" which link to a "wind main".
These gases contain noxious emissions including inter alia PCDD/Fs, oxides of nitrogen and other acidic compounds such as hydrogen chloride and sulphur dioxide. Therefore, the waste gas is typically treated to clean the gas before being exhausted to the atmosphere.
PCDD/Fs present two of the most potentially harmful combustion by-products of the sinter process.
PCDD/Fs are a family of chlorinated organic compounds having a general formula (A) and (B) respectively:
the degree of toxicity varies and depends on the number and position of chloride substitutions on the aromatic carbon ring.
PCDD/F precursors are formed from the pyrolysis and chlorination of the organic material that represents the more primary combustion products such as hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, water, hydrogen, ethylene and acetylene.
PCDD/Fs are thus synthesised de novo as a result of thermal reactions between precursor compounds.
the precursor pentachlorophenol (C) can interact to produce the dioxin octachlorodioxin (D).
D dioxin octachlorodioxin
some of the PCDD/Fs may recombine downstream to produce a different set of compounds which may have higher or lower toxicity. Some of the non-toxic isomers may be converted to toxic isomers and vice versa.
the 'fingerprint' of toxic isomers is specific to their formation mechanism; for example in combustion processes, furans are synthesised to a greater extent than dioxins and the pentachlorinated furan is the major contributor to total toxicity.
EP-A-371945 Another method used in municipal waste disposal is exemplified in EP-A-371945.
This document discloses a method for extracting dioxins from a gas which comprises contacting the gas with a liquid aerosol over a predetermined period of time.
the particles present in the aerosol are electrically charged and subsequently separated from the gas with the aid of a wet electrostatic precipitator or electric field.
Ammonia gas or ammonia releasing compounds such as alkanolamines, have demonstrated a potential to control simultaneously emissions of several pollutants of concern, such as dioxins, hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
EP-A-0 875 587 an efficient and cost effective method of reducing toxic emissions, more especially PCDD/F formation, from a sinter strand, whilst keeping the quantity of ammonia gas released into the atmosphere at low levels and without the need to introduce complex modifications to existing strand equipment.
Their method comprised the sequential steps of producing a sinter feedstock by substantially homogeneously mixing inter alia iron ore with 0.01 to 0.09% by weight of a solid compound which releases ammonia on thermal decomposition, depositing said feedstock onto moving grate and combusting the same to produce sintered products rich in iron.
the present inventors have now discovered an alternative method of reducing toxic emissions with or without the addition of exogenous chemicals to the sinter strand.
Dioxins are known to be formed in the approximate temperature range 200 to 400°C. Dioxin formation has been reduced in other industries by ensuring that waste gases which may produce dioxins are cooled to below 250°C as soon as possible to avoid prolonged reaction times in this critical temperature range.
the gas passes through a packed bed of sinter mix and the gas temperature at the bottom of the sinter strand as it enters each wind box will be different depending on the position of the wind box along the strand.
the exit temperature is relatively stable at approximately 100°C. This rapidly rises towards the end of the strand, peaks at up to 400°C and then drops slightly at the end of the strand.
Figure 1 illustrates the correlation between the temperature of the waste gases and the windleg number along the sinter strand.
Figure 2 illustrates the correlation between the PCDD/F formation in the waste gases and the wind box number along the sinter strand.
the invention provides a method of sintering iron ore in a sinter strand comprising providing a sinter feedstock and depositing said feedstock onto a travelling grate, igniting said feedstock using a sinter strand burner(s), and combusting said feedstock by drawing air through the feedstock with a plurality of wind boxes situated along the length of the strand, to produce sintered products rich in iron and waste gases, characterised in that waste gases from only those wind boxes whose temperature exceeds a predetermined level are recycled to provide combustion feed air for the feedstock or air for the sinter strand ignition burner(s), in order to substantially reduce or eliminate the production and/or emission of dioxins.
waste gases of a temperature greater than 200°C are recycled.
waste gases of a temperature greater than 250°C are recycled.
figure 2 shows, it has been found that significant dioxin formation only occurs in the wind boxes wherein the temperature of the gases exceeds approximately 200°C.
the waste gases are recycled from the final 25% of the wind boxes, preferably the final 20% of the wind boxes. Accordingly, the waste gases may only be recycled from a wind box if the temperature of the waste gases present within that wind box is greater than 200°C. Therefore, the advantage of the invention in suit is that the toxicity of waste gases produced during sintering can be minimalised by recycling only a fraction of the total waste gas.
the waste gases which have a temperature of greater than about 200°C may be rapidly cooled to below about 200°C to substantially reduce or eliminate the production of dioxins.
the invention provides a method of sintering iron ore in a sinter strand comprising providing a sinter feedstock and depositing said feedstock onto a travelling grate, igniting said feedstock using a sinter strand burner(s), and combusting said feedstock by drawing air through the feedstock with a plurality of wind boxes situated along the length of the strand, to produce sintered products rich in iron and waste gases, characterised in that waste gases from the sinter strand which have a temperature of greater than about 200°C are rapidly cooled to below about 200°C substantially to reduce or eliminate the production of dioxins.
the invention may involve the cooling of the waste gases in one or more of the wind boxes.
the temperature may be reduced by injecting a liquid or a gas (e.g. gaseous ammonia) into the waste gases in the or each wind box, and/or into the waste gases in their passage subsequent to the or each wind box.
the liquid may be water for example, the water may be added in the form of steam.
the liquid comprises ammonia which may further reduce the level of dioxins in the gas.
the rate at which the liquid may be introduced may be determined by the rate at which air is drawn into the wind boxes.
the external surface of the or each wind box and/or the external surface of any conduit leading from the or each wind box may be cooled by a supply of fluid, either liquid or gas, e.g. water, for example, in the form of steam.
a supply of fluid either liquid or gas, e.g. water, for example, in the form of steam.
the travelling grate of the sinter strand may be cooled, for example, with water, e.g. steam.
a heat exchanger may be used to lower the temperature of the waste gases.
the sinter feedstock may include 0.01 to 0.09% by weight of a solid compound which releases ammonia on thermal decomposition.
the ammonia compound may be substantially homogeneously mixed with iron ore in the sinter feedstock.
the invention provides a sinter strand which includes means for recycling waste gases from those wind boxes in the strand whose temperature exceeds a predetermined level, to provide combustion feed air for sinter feedstock for subsequent sintering, or air for a sinter strand ignition burner(s).
the sinter strand may further comprise means to cool waste gases which have a temperature of greater than about 200°C to below about 200°C to substantially reduce or eliminate the production of dioxins.
the invention provides a sinter strand which includes means to cool waste gases from the sinter strand which have a temperature of greater than about 200°C to below about 200°C to substantially reduce or eliminate the production of dioxins.
the strand comprises a travelling grate 1, onto which pre-mixed constituents of a sinter bed are deposited via a hopper 2. Mixing of these constituents is effected in a blender 3.
the mixed constituents include iron ore and iron ore fines, burnt lime, coke breeze and optionally measured quantities of ammonia releasing compounds in solid, e.g. pellet form.
the deposited sinter bed feedstock passes below an ignition hood 4, which ignites the coke breeze, combustion being enhanced and continued by the flow of large quantities of air, drawn through the bed by a series of wind boxes (not shown) along the stack.
Sintered ore leaves the bed at the end of the grate remote from the hopper 2 and passes through a series of treatment stages. Waste gases of combustion leave the furnace through more stacks 5.
the illustrated strand is typical of many conventional strands, the essential difference being that the waste gases which contain levels of toxicity exceeding desired limits are specifically recycled or that the waste gases of a temperature suitable for the formation of toxic dioxins are rapidly cooled.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
Geology (AREA)
General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

EP00301900A 1999-03-19 2000-03-08 Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux Expired - Lifetime EP1038980B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
GB9906323A GB2347940A (en)	1999-03-19	1999-03-19	Iron ore sintering process with reduced emissions of toxic gases
GB9906323		1999-03-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1038980A2 true EP1038980A2 (fr)	2000-09-27
EP1038980A3 EP1038980A3 (fr)	2000-12-06
EP1038980B1 EP1038980B1 (fr)	2005-09-14

Family

ID=10849935

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP00301900A Expired - Lifetime EP1038980B1 (fr)	1999-03-19	2000-03-08	Agglomération de minérai de fer à émissions réduites de gaz toxiques par récirculation des effluents gazeux

Country Status (5)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP1038980B1 (fr)
AT (1)	ATE304613T1 (fr)
DE (1)	DE60022566T2 (fr)
ES (1)	ES2248014T3 (fr)
GB (1)	GB2347940A (fr)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
GB707583A (en) *	1951-07-03	1954-04-21	Metallgesellschaft Ag	Process of and apparatus for calcining, calcining and sintering, dehydration or drying
US3849115A (en) *	1972-03-24	1974-11-19	Mcdowell Wellman Eng Co	Sintering process
US4023960A (en) *	1972-10-25	1977-05-17	Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft	Process for cleaning waste gases from sintering plants
US3973762A (en) *	1974-05-17	1976-08-10	Dravo Corporation	Sintering process and apparatus
AT352408B (de) *	1978-03-24	1979-09-25	Voest Ag	Verfahren zum brennen von pellets auf einem wanderrost
FR2444720A1 (fr) *	1978-12-22	1980-07-18	Delattre Levivier	Procede d'utilisation des gaz aspires dans une installation d'agglomeration de minerais et installation d'agglomeration perfectionnee
BE877216A (fr) *	1979-06-22	1979-12-24	Centre Rech Metallurgique	Perfectionnements aux procedes de conduite d'une bande d'agglomeration de minerais
FR2540139A1 (fr) *	1983-01-27	1984-08-03	Lorraine Laminage	Procede d'agglomeration de minerai avec utilisation de combustible gazeux, et installation pour le mettre en oeuvre
WO1995027802A1 (fr) *	1994-04-06	1995-10-19	Steag Aktiengesellschaft	Procede et systeme de traitement thermique de materiaux

1999
- 1999-03-19 GB GB9906323A patent/GB2347940A/en not_active Withdrawn
2000
- 2000-03-08 AT AT00301900T patent/ATE304613T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-03-08 DE DE60022566T patent/DE60022566T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-03-08 ES ES00301900T patent/ES2248014T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-08 EP EP00301900A patent/EP1038980B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
GB2347940A (en)	2000-09-20
ES2248014T3 (es)	2006-03-16
GB9906323D0 (en)	1999-05-12
EP1038980B1 (fr)	2005-09-14
EP1038980A3 (fr)	2000-12-06
DE60022566T2 (de)	2006-06-14
DE60022566D1 (de)	2005-10-20
ATE304613T1 (de)	2005-09-15

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