EP1120801A2 - Méthode pour surveiller l' usure des contacts d' un interrupteur à gradins - Google Patents
Méthode pour surveiller l' usure des contacts d' un interrupteur à gradins Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1120801A2 EP1120801A2 EP00127394A EP00127394A EP1120801A2 EP 1120801 A2 EP1120801 A2 EP 1120801A2 EP 00127394 A EP00127394 A EP 00127394A EP 00127394 A EP00127394 A EP 00127394A EP 1120801 A2 EP1120801 A2 EP 1120801A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- contact
- switching
- erosion
- burn
- contacts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
- H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
- H01H2009/0061—Monitoring tap change switching devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring the contact erosion in tap changers, especially the contact erosion of arcing contacts, where these contacts as mechanical switch contacts are formed.
- Step switches have been used for uninterrupted switching between different for many years Winding taps of step transformers in large numbers in use worldwide.
- Such Tap changers usually consist of a selector to select the respective one without power Winding tap of the step transformer to be switched to, and one Diverter switch for the actual switchover from the previous to the new, preselected Winding tapping.
- the diverter switch usually has switch contacts and Resistance contacts. The switch contacts serve for the direct connection of the respective Winding tapping with the load discharge, the resistance contacts for short-term wiring, d. H. Bridging by means of one or more series resistors.
- the switching and resistance contacts of such tap changers usually consist of one Arc-resistant copper-tungsten alloy. When switching these contacts arise Regular arcs that melt or burn small amounts of the contact material and thus lead to contact erosion. The contact erosion of switching and resistance contacts is thus an important criterion for assessing the status of a tap changer and for Prediction of necessary inspections. All diverter switch systems of tap changers their kinematics are somewhat dependent on the switching and Resistance contacts. If the contacts burn to different extents, the switching and Overlapping times of the individual switching steps within the sequence when switching the load change in such a way that safe functioning is no longer guaranteed. Therefore, in the Inspection instructions for on-load tap-changers usually show the permissible differences in combustion Burn-up limits specified. If these limits are exceeded, the contacts must either replaced by new ones or switching and resistance contacts must be against each other it will be exchanged. If a contact has completely burned down, it must be replaced anyway.
- WO97 / 28549 describes a corresponding basic monitoring of the respective switching movement, that is to say the time sequence during the switching operation.
- WO96 / 13732 describes a method with an additional signal line, the insulation destruction of which should be a criterion for a worn switch contact.
- Japanese Laid-Open Hei-4-64206 describes a method in which a calculation is made depending on the number of circuits performed by a tap changer.
- DE-OS 27 27 378 is a device for checking the operability of Switching devices are generally known, the burn-off from load current measurements a current transformer. This device is for the special conditions at tap changers not suitable.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for monitoring the contact erosion Step switches to indicate that in a reliable and simple way and yet accurate the contacts burn off without the need for a visual inspection or measurements on each contact is permitted and in the event of deviations beyond a predetermined level corresponding error messages are generated.
- the contact erosion is each in the inventive method Contact determined using a burn rate A.
- the individual process steps can be carried out in one Computer are carried out in advance of the characteristic parameters of each Type of tap changer on whose contacts the contact erosion is to be monitored, and Burn-up limit values, above which a warning or other message is generated should not be saved volatile.
- the contact erosion of the respective switching or resistance contact is determined in volume units of the erosable contact material, for example in mm 3 , on the basis of a specific erosion rate A.
- This burn rate A with the physical unit mm 3 / circuit, ie volume unit / circuit, is a material and current-dependent parameter.
- the burn-up rate A is particularly advantageously as follows:
- J is the current to be switched off by the contact of the tap changer to be monitored. It arises in a known manner from the current load current of the transformer that is measured, the current step voltage between two adjacent winding taps, between which switching takes place, and the respective version of the step switch.
- Sizes a and b are tap-changer-specific parameters that are not saved in a volatile manner beforehand - as has already been explained above.
- the factor a is in the range of 10 -5 ... 10 -2 .
- a is preferably 8.5 ⁇ 10 -5 .
- the value for b is in the range of 0.8 ... 2.2.
- b is preferably 1.16.
- the described determination of the Burn-up rate a is framed by a tolerance band, which is taken into account for reliable statements must become.
- the burn-up rate it is also possible to increase the accuracy of the determination of the burn-up rate even further, for example to predict the service life of the contacts, by adjusting the burn-up rate, so that a safety margin is no longer applied across the board, but is determined iteratively becomes.
- the actual contact erosion is measured according to a representative number of operations. This can be done as part of a routine inspection that is required anyway.
- the actual volume burnup for each contact is determined from the measured values and compared with the volume burnup determined according to the invention.
- a correction factor f Volume erosion measured accumulated volume burn-up calculated can then be used to determine the burn rate as follows:
- the arithmetically determined burn rate A is converted into one method integrated to monitor contact erosion.
- the overall method according to the invention thus includes both the determination of the burn rate A and the subsequent determination of the cumulative contact erosion at the respective switching contact and the subsequent one Generation of situation-related warnings or other messages.
- the particular advantage of the method according to the invention is that it is simple Way of monitoring the contact erosion of the contacts in the tap changer, without these contacts even for visual inspections, measurements on them or in any other way must be accessible.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the method according to the invention can be carried out without further into a complex tap changer and / or transformer monitoring system can be implemented.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to reliably state when a Replacement of the contacts in the respective tap changer is actually necessary. On the one hand Avoided that contacts are exchanged prematurely for supposed security reasons, which is unnecessary and costly, but on the other hand also avoids that one actually necessary contact exchange is not recognized or delayed unacceptably, which leads to Malfunction and serious damage.
- This first method step initiates initialization, ie the adaptation to the respective tap changer whose contacts are to be monitored.
- An index n is set to zero; the system is now ready for use.
- the current tap changer position is also determined by a position indicator. If the tap changer is now actuated by a switching pulse, a corresponding motor drive moves the tap changer in the "higher” or “lower” direction depending on the direction of rotation. With this and every further actuation, the index n is increased by 1. At the same time, the load current J L is measured.
- the corresponding nominal step voltage for the current circuit is read from the non-volatile memory.
- the direction in which the switching was carried out is determined, and both the new tap changer position and the respective diverter switch side, the contacts of which are arcing, are determined.
- ParSek means the number of parallel sectors of the diverter switch, ie the parallel connection of individual switch contacts, U S is the respective nominal step voltage and S res is the resulting current division.
- R ü is the size of the transition resistance.
- burn-up rates are calculated below. Various options for calculating these burn-up rates have already been discussed above.
- the cumulative volume erosion is subsequently determined, ie for each switching and resistance contact, the arithmetically determined erosion for this circuit is added to the total erosion, which has resulted from all the previous circuits, and stored as a new volume erosion.
- n denotes the index already explained, which is increased by 1 each time the tap changer is actuated.
- the accumulation in mm contact thickness is then calculated from this cumulative volume erosion in mm 3 .
- F is the respective contact surface of the corresponding contact
- k is a switch-specific one Correction factor.
- the combustion values calculated in this way thus represent the total accumulated erosion of the respective contact in mm, d. H. the deviation from the contact thickness in the New condition.
- FIG. 2 shows a further developed method according to the invention. Additional method steps are added to the method already explained with reference to FIG. 1, which make the entire method capable of learning. So far it has been described that the contact erosion is subject to certain fluctuations, which are taken into account by the security surcharge. If the accuracy of the burn-up calculation is now to be increased, this can be done according to these further method steps by adapting the burn-up rate. For this purpose, after a representative number of operations of the tap changer, for. B. after 10,000 switching operations per contact, the actual contact erosion, usually measured in mm contact thickness. This can be done as part of a routine inspection. The volume erosion for each contact is determined from the measured values and compared with the calculated volume erosion of this contact using the method according to the invention.
- the index i denotes the number of inspections carried out, i. H. Measurements of the actual volume erosion. This is the accuracy of the method according to the invention continuously improved; the system is self-learning.
Landscapes
- Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
- Protection Of Transformers (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10003918 | 2000-01-29 | ||
| DE10003918A DE10003918C1 (de) | 2000-01-29 | 2000-01-29 | Verfahren zur Überwachung des Kontaktabbrandes bei Stufenschaltern |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1120801A2 true EP1120801A2 (fr) | 2001-08-01 |
| EP1120801A3 EP1120801A3 (fr) | 2003-01-29 |
| EP1120801B1 EP1120801B1 (fr) | 2006-12-27 |
Family
ID=7629180
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00127394A Expired - Lifetime EP1120801B1 (fr) | 2000-01-29 | 2000-12-14 | Méthode pour surveiller l' usure des contacts d' un interrupteur à gradins |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6518771B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1120801B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE349761T1 (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE10003918C1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2275469T3 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1318533A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-06-11 | ABB Schweiz AG | Procédé pour établir l'état d'usure des contacts d'un disjonctreur |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040210947A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-21 | Shusman Chad W. | Method and apparatus for interactive video on demand |
| US20030196206A1 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-16 | Shusman Chad W. | Method and apparatus for internet-based interactive programming |
| BRPI0408538A (pt) * | 2003-04-03 | 2006-03-07 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | chave de contatos múltiplos |
| DE10334688B3 (de) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-03 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überwachung von Isolieröl |
| DE10352580B3 (de) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-04-28 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Verfahren zur Überwachung des Kontaktabbrandes bei Stufenschaltern |
| DE102004020045A1 (de) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-10 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zum Ermitteln eines eine Abnutzung von Schaltkontakten eines Leistungsschalters angebenden Restschaltspiel-Wertes |
| EP2372741B1 (fr) * | 2005-11-28 | 2014-01-29 | S & C Electric Company | Procédé pour définir la fin de vie d'un interrupteur sous vide |
| US7444266B2 (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2008-10-28 | Abb Technology Ltd. | Control system for a transformer or reactor |
| DE102006061601B4 (de) * | 2006-12-27 | 2015-05-21 | Alstom Grid Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Abbrands eines Übergangskontakts eines elektrischen Stufenschalters |
| DE102009014333A1 (de) * | 2009-03-21 | 2010-09-30 | A. Eberle Gmbh & Co. Kg | Einrichtung zur Überwachung von Stufenschaltern |
| ES2576352T3 (es) * | 2012-04-16 | 2016-07-07 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Procedimiento para el control de un interruptor de contactos escalonados |
| DE102012103736A1 (de) * | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-31 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Funktionsüberwachung eines Stufenschalters |
| DE102021119006A1 (de) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-26 | Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh | Verfahren und system zum betrieb eines laststufenschalters und laststufenschalter umfassend ein solches system |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2727378C2 (de) * | 1977-06-15 | 1983-04-07 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Einrichtung zur Kontrolle der Betriebsfähigkeit von elektrischen Schaltgeräten |
| US4491797A (en) * | 1982-06-01 | 1985-01-01 | Northern Telecom Limited | Test contact resistance of dry circuit contacts |
| GB2158253B (en) * | 1984-04-26 | 1987-06-17 | Ferranti Plc | Transformer tap changing switch wear monitor |
| JPH07123086B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-04 | 1995-12-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 負荷時タップ切換装置 |
| DE4028721C2 (de) * | 1990-09-10 | 1995-05-11 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur Ermittlung der Restlebensdauer von Schaltgeräten |
| JPH07123086A (ja) | 1993-10-27 | 1995-05-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Ｉｃカードを利用した著作物通信管理システム |
| DE4427006A1 (de) * | 1994-07-29 | 1996-02-01 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung |
| CN1088197C (zh) * | 1994-10-27 | 2002-07-24 | 西门子公司 | 开关器 |
| DE19603319A1 (de) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-07 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung |
| DE19530776C1 (de) * | 1995-08-22 | 1996-12-12 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Lastumschalters für einen Stufenschalter |
| DE19544926C1 (de) * | 1995-12-01 | 1997-04-30 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen des Abbrandes der Kontaktstücke bei einem Schaltgerät |
| DE29619365U1 (de) * | 1996-11-07 | 1998-03-05 | Klöckner-Moeller GmbH, 53115 Bonn | Restlebensdaueranzeige, zur Anzeige des Zustandes von Schaltkontakten bei Schaltgeräten |
| DE19744465C1 (de) * | 1997-10-08 | 1999-03-11 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Verfahren zur Überwachung eines Stufenschalters |
| DE19746574C1 (de) * | 1997-10-22 | 1999-02-04 | Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck | Verfahren zur Funktionsüberwachung von Stufenschaltern |
| DE19814397C1 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-12-23 | Moeller Gmbh | Anordnung zur Schaltstellungsanzeige und Abbrandanzeige bei einem elektrischen Schaltgerät |
-
2000
- 2000-01-29 DE DE10003918A patent/DE10003918C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-12-14 AT AT00127394T patent/ATE349761T1/de active
- 2000-12-14 EP EP00127394A patent/EP1120801B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 ES ES00127394T patent/ES2275469T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-12-14 DE DE50013904T patent/DE50013904D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-01-29 US US09/772,289 patent/US6518771B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1318533A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-07 | 2003-06-11 | ABB Schweiz AG | Procédé pour établir l'état d'usure des contacts d'un disjonctreur |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE349761T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
| US6518771B2 (en) | 2003-02-11 |
| DE50013904D1 (de) | 2007-02-08 |
| DE10003918C1 (de) | 2001-07-05 |
| US20010013784A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 |
| ES2275469T3 (es) | 2007-06-16 |
| EP1120801B1 (fr) | 2006-12-27 |
| EP1120801A3 (fr) | 2003-01-29 |
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