EP1120801B1 - Méthode pour surveiller l' usure des contacts d' un interrupteur à gradins - Google Patents

Méthode pour surveiller l' usure des contacts d' un interrupteur à gradins Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1120801B1
EP1120801B1 EP00127394A EP00127394A EP1120801B1 EP 1120801 B1 EP1120801 B1 EP 1120801B1 EP 00127394 A EP00127394 A EP 00127394A EP 00127394 A EP00127394 A EP 00127394A EP 1120801 B1 EP1120801 B1 EP 1120801B1
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Prior art keywords
contact
burning
contacts
switching
resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00127394A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1120801A3 (fr
EP1120801A2 (fr
Inventor
Dieter Dr.-Ing. Dohnal
Rainer Dipl.-Ing. Frotscher (Tu)
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Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Scheubeck GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gebrueder Scheubeck GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1120801A3 publication Critical patent/EP1120801A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H2009/0061—Monitoring tap change switching devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring the contact erosion in tap changers, especially the Maisabbrandes of arc-switching contacts, in which these contacts are designed as mechanical switching contacts.
  • Tap changers have been in use worldwide for many years for uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of step transformers in large numbers.
  • Such tap changer usually consist of a selector for powerless selection of the respective winding tap of the tapped transformer to be switched to, and a diverter switch for the actual switching from the previous to the new, preselected winding tap.
  • the diverter switch usually has switching contacts and resistance contacts. The switch contacts are used for direct connection of the respective winding tap with the load dissipation, the resistor contacts for short-term wiring, d. H. Bridging by means of one or more switching resistors.
  • diverter switch with thyristors or vacuum switching cells have become known as switching elements, nevertheless, the vast majority of all in-use diverter switch today and probably in the near future still mechanical contacts.
  • the switching and resistance contacts such tap changer usually consist of an arc-resistant copper-tungsten alloy. When switching these contacts are regularly arcs that melt or burn small amounts of the contact material and thus lead to a contact erosion.
  • the contact erosion of switching and resistance contacts is thus an important criterion for assessing the state of a tap changer and for predicting necessary inspections. All switch-disconnector systems of tap-changers are somewhat dependent on the breakdown of the switching and resistance contacts in terms of their kinematics. If the contacts burn to different extents, the switching and overlapping times of the individual switching steps within the sequence can change during a load changeover in such a way that safe functioning is no longer guaranteed.
  • the inspection instructions for tap-changers usually specify the permissible burn-up differences or burn-up limits. If these limits are exceeded, the contacts must either be replaced by new ones or switching and resistance contacts must be interchanged. If a contact is completely burned down, it must be replaced anyway.
  • a method for monitoring a diverter switch for a tap changer is also known, occurring during the load switching arcs are recorded in time and by comparing the times between the individual arcs and possibly an additional comparison of the length of the individual arcs each setpoint values, which are stored non-volatile as characteristic variables of the respective tap changer, a function monitoring takes place.
  • this method it is possible to detect indirectly by comparing the actual times between the individual arcs with the corresponding setpoints if the life of contacts has been exceeded, ie. H. whose contact erosion has progressed beyond the permissible level. A direct detection and monitoring of contact erosion is not possible.
  • DE-OS 27 27 378 a device for controlling the operability of switching devices is generally known, wherein the burn-off takes place here from load current measurements by means of a current transformer. For the special conditions on tap changers this device is not suitable.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for monitoring the contact erosion in tap changers, which allows reliable and simple as possible and yet exactly the burning of the contacts without requiring visual inspection or required measurements on each contact and corresponding to deviations from a predetermined amount addition Error messages generated.
  • the contact erosion of each contact is determined on the basis of a burnup rate A.
  • the individual process steps can be carried out in a computer in which the characteristic parameters of the respective tap changer type whose contacts the contact erosion is to be monitored in advance, as well as Abbrandgrenzhong, when exceeding a warning or other message to be generated, are not stored volatile.
  • the contact erosion of the respective switching or resistance contact in volume units of the burnable contact material is determined on the basis of a specific burn rate A.
  • This burn rate A with the physical unit mm 3 / circuit, ie volume unit / circuit, is a material and current-dependent characteristic.
  • J is the current to be disconnected from the contact of the tap changer to be monitored. It results arithmetically in a known manner from the current load current of the transformer which is measured, the current step voltage between two adjacent winding taps, between which is switched, and the respective embodiment of the tap changer.
  • the variables a and b are step-switch-specific parameters, which are not stored in advance - as already explained above - not volatile.
  • the factor a is in the range of 10 -5 ... 10 -2 .
  • a is preferably 8.5 ⁇ 10 -5 .
  • the value for b is in the range of 0.8 ... 2.2.
  • b is preferably 1.16.
  • the described determination of the burn rate A is surrounded by a tolerance band, which must be taken into account for reliable statements.
  • a safety margin is therefore no longer flat rate, but determined iteratively becomes.
  • the actual contact erosion is measured according to a representative number of contacts. This can happen, for example, in the context of an already required routine inspection.
  • the actual volume burnup for each contact is determined from the measured values and compared with the volume burnup determined according to the invention.
  • the computationally determined burning rate A is integrated into a method for monitoring the contact erosion.
  • the method according to the invention as a whole includes both the determination of the burn rate A and the subsequent determination of the cumulative contact burnup at the respective switching contact, as well as the subsequent generation of situation-related warning or other messages.
  • the particular advantage of the method according to the invention lies in the fact that a monitoring possibility of contact erosion of the contacts in the tap changer results in a simple manner, without these contacts themselves having to be accessible for visual inspections, measurements on them or in any other way.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the method according to the invention can be readily implemented in a complex tap-changer and / or transformer monitoring system.
  • an input and non-volatile storage of specific tap changer parameters or characteristic data, the respective permissible burnup limit values of the individual contacts and the rated step voltages of each possible circuit, ie operating position of the tap changer takes place.
  • an initialization ie the adaptation to the respective tap changer whose contacts are to be monitored.
  • An index n is set to zero; the system is ready for use.
  • the current step switch position is determined by a position reporting device. If the step switch is now actuated by a switching pulse, a corresponding motor drive moves the tap changer in the direction "higher” or “lower” depending on the direction of rotation. In this and each further operation, the index n is increased by 1.
  • the load current J L is measured.
  • the corresponding nominal step voltage for the current circuit is read from the non-volatile memory. At the same time it is detected in which direction the circuit was made, and it will both the new Step switch position as well as the respective switching off diverter switch side whose contacts are each switching arc determined.
  • ParSek means the number of parallel sectors of the diverter switch, ie, the parallel circuits of individual switch contacts, U S is the respective rated step voltage, and S res is the resulting current division.
  • R ü is the size of the switching resistance.
  • the burn rates are calculated.
  • a and b are the specific factors already explained, s is the safety margin also explained, which is set out here on a flat-rate basis.
  • the cumulative Volumenabbrand is determined, ie it is added for switching and resistance contact at each circuit in this circuit computationally determined burn to Automatabbrand, which has resulted from all previous circuits, and stored as a new Volumenabbrand.
  • variable n designates the already explained index, which is increased by 1 each time the tap changer is actuated. Subsequently, the burnup in mm contact thickness is calculated from this cumulative volume burnup in mm 3 .
  • GAd SK n GA SK n F ⁇ k
  • GAd WK n GA WK n F ⁇ k
  • F is the respective contact surface of the corresponding contact
  • k is a switch-specific correction factor.
  • the burnup values calculated in this way thus represent the total, cumulative burnup of the respective contact in mm, d. H. the deviation from the contact thickness when new.
  • FIG. 2 shows a correspondingly further developed further method according to the invention.
  • further method steps are added to the method already explained with reference to FIG. 1, which make the entire method adaptive. So far it has been described that the contact erosion is subject to certain fluctuations, which is taken into account by the security surcharge s flat rate. If now the accuracy of the burn-up calculation is to be increased, this can be done by adjusting the burn-up rate according to these further method steps. For this purpose, after a representative number of switches of the tap changer, z. B. after 10,000 circuits per contact, the actual contact erosion, usually in mm contact thickness measured. This can be done as part of a routine inspection.
  • the volume burnup for each contact is determined from the measured values and compared with the respective calculated volume burnup of this contact according to the method according to the invention.
  • the index i indicates the number of inspections carried out, ie. H. Measurements of the actual volume burnup.

Landscapes

  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Protection Of Transformers (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé de surveillance de l'usure de contact dans un commutateur de prises comportant des contacts de commutation et des contacts d'usure,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - on enregistre de manière permanente les valeurs de la tension de gradin, nominale respective (US), les valeurs limites de l'usure autorisée des contacts de commutation et des contacts de résistance ainsi que des grandeurs caractéristiques (a, b et k), spécifiques à ce commutateur de prises,
    - on détermine la position actuelle du commutateur de prises,
    - on incrémente un indice (n) à chaque commutation c'est-à-dire à chaque actionnement du commutateur de prises, on mesure la valeur respective du courant de charge (JL) et on extrait la valeur correspondante enregistrée de manière permanente de la tension nominale de gradin (US),
    - on calcule les courants de commutation de chaque contact de commutation à couper (JSK) ainsi que du contact de résistance (JWK) en appliquant les relations suivantes : J SK = J L ParSek
    Figure imgb0050
    J WK = U S + J L ⋅ R u ^ S res 2 ⋅ R u ^
    Figure imgb0051
    dans ces relations, ParSek est le nombre de secteurs parallèles, Rû est la valeur de la résistance de commutation et Sres est la répartition résultante du courant,
    - on calcule le taux d'usure respectif du contact de commutation (ASK) ainsi que du contact de résistance (AWK) en appliquant les relations suivantes : A SK = a ⋅ J SK b ⋅ s
    Figure imgb0052
    A WK = a ⋅ J WK b ⋅ s
    Figure imgb0053
    on additionne les taux d'usure (ASK, AwK) de l'usure volumique globale pour le contact de commutation GA SK n
    Figure imgb0054
    ainsi que du contact de résistance GA WK n
    Figure imgb0055
    en appliquant les relations suivantes : GA SK n = GA SK n F + ask
    Figure imgb0056
    GA WK n = GA WK n - 1 F + A wk
    Figure imgb0057
    - on calcule l'usure respective en mm d'épaisseur de contact pour le contact de commutation GAd SK n
    Figure imgb0058
    ainsi que pour le contact de résistance GAd WK n
    Figure imgb0059
    en tenant compte de la surface de contact F respective selon les relations : GAd WK n = GA WK n F ⋅ k
    Figure imgb0060
    GAd WK n = GA WK n F ⋅ k
    Figure imgb0061
    - on compare ces valeurs GAd SK n
    Figure imgb0062
    et GAd WK n
    Figure imgb0063
    aux valeurs limites enregistrées de manière permanente et on génère des messages en cas de dépassement des valeurs limites ou de pourcentages des valeurs limites.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    on détermine à partir des courants de commutation calculés (JSK, JWK) les taux d'usure (ASK, AWK) respectifs selon les relations : A SK = a ⋅ J SK b ⋅ s
    Figure imgb0064
    A WK = a ⋅ J WK b ⋅ s
    Figure imgb0065
    relations dans lesquelles s est un coefficient de sécurité supplémentaire.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 ou 2,
    selon lequel
    après un nombre important de commutations, on mesure l'usure effective du contact et à partir de là on calcule l'usure volumique effective pour ensuite calculer un coefficient f selon la relation : f = volume usé mesure volume usé cumulé calculé
    Figure imgb0066
    et ensuite on corrige le taux d'usure respectif suivant la relation (Anouv = f . Aanc) et on utilise pour l'avenir la valeur corrigée (Anouv) pour l'application du procédé.
EP00127394A 2000-01-29 2000-12-14 Méthode pour surveiller l' usure des contacts d' un interrupteur à gradins Expired - Lifetime EP1120801B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10003918A DE10003918C1 (de) 2000-01-29 2000-01-29 Verfahren zur Überwachung des Kontaktabbrandes bei Stufenschaltern
DE10003918 2000-01-29

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1120801A2 EP1120801A2 (fr) 2001-08-01
EP1120801A3 EP1120801A3 (fr) 2003-01-29
EP1120801B1 true EP1120801B1 (fr) 2006-12-27

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US (1) US6518771B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1120801B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE349761T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10003918C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2275469T3 (fr)

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US20040210947A1 (en) 2003-04-15 2004-10-21 Shusman Chad W. Method and apparatus for interactive video on demand
CN100552847C (zh) * 2003-04-03 2009-10-21 赖茵豪森机械制造公司 多点开关
DE10334688B3 (de) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-03 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Verfahren zur Überwachung von Isolieröl
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DE102006061601B4 (de) * 2006-12-27 2015-05-21 Alstom Grid Gmbh Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Abbrands eines Übergangskontakts eines elektrischen Stufenschalters
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UA112794C2 (uk) * 2012-04-16 2016-10-25 Машіненфабрік Райнхаузен Гмбх Спосіб контролю ступеневого перемикача
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6518771B2 (en) 2003-02-11
DE10003918C1 (de) 2001-07-05
DE50013904D1 (de) 2007-02-08
ATE349761T1 (de) 2007-01-15
EP1120801A3 (fr) 2003-01-29
ES2275469T3 (es) 2007-06-16
US20010013784A1 (en) 2001-08-16
EP1120801A2 (fr) 2001-08-01

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