EP1124413B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum konservieren von biologischen materialien - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum konservieren von biologischen materialien Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1124413B1
EP1124413B1 EP99971264A EP99971264A EP1124413B1 EP 1124413 B1 EP1124413 B1 EP 1124413B1 EP 99971264 A EP99971264 A EP 99971264A EP 99971264 A EP99971264 A EP 99971264A EP 1124413 B1 EP1124413 B1 EP 1124413B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
preservation
platelets
temperature
cover
cell
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP99971264A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1124413A1 (de
Inventor
Vladimir L. Serebrennikov
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HyperBaric Systems
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HyperBaric Systems
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
    • A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
    • A01N1/12—Chemical aspects of preservation
    • A01N1/122—Preservation or perfusion media
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
    • A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
    • A01N1/12—Chemical aspects of preservation
    • A01N1/122—Preservation or perfusion media
    • A01N1/126—Physiologically active agents, e.g. antioxidants or nutrients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
    • A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
    • A01N1/12—Chemical aspects of preservation
    • A01N1/128—Chemically defined matrices for immobilising, holding or storing living parts, e.g. alginate gels; Chemically altering living parts, e.g. by cross-linking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
    • A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
    • A01N1/14—Mechanical aspects of preservation; Apparatus or containers therefor
    • A01N1/142—Apparatus
    • A01N1/144—Apparatus for temperature control, e.g. refrigerators or freeze-drying apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
    • A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
    • A01N1/14—Mechanical aspects of preservation; Apparatus or containers therefor
    • A01N1/142—Apparatus
    • A01N1/144—Apparatus for temperature control, e.g. refrigerators or freeze-drying apparatus
    • A01N1/145—Stationary or portable vessels generating cryogenic temperatures, e.g. liquid nitrogen baths
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
    • A01N1/10—Preservation of living parts
    • A01N1/16—Physical preservation processes
    • A01N1/165—Pressure processes, e.g. following predefined pressure changes over time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/03—Pressure vessels, or vacuum vessels, having closure members or seals specially adapted therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to method and apparatus for preserving biological materials. More particularly, the invention relates to method and apparatus for preserving biological materials which employs a combination of a preservation solution, high pressure, and low temperature.
  • Whole blood and blood components including leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and plasma, need to be preserved and stored until needed for use.
  • Skin and other tissue, kidneys, hearts, livers, and other organs need to be preserved and stored until needed for use. These and other biological materials are preserved and stored using both freezing and non-freezing temperatures.
  • Freezing temperatures require the use of cryoprotectors such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and ThrombosolTM to prevent damage to these biological materials.
  • cryoprotectors such as DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and ThrombosolTM to prevent damage to these biological materials.
  • these cryoprotectors are cytotoxic, and typically leave a significant portion of the materials with either reduced or no functional ability.
  • cryoprotectors usually require time-consuming preparation, such as rinsing processes, before the materials can be used, and cryoprotector residues often still remain afterwards. Freezing processes can store erythrocytes for more than 30 days, and leukocytes up to 12 hours only.
  • Non-freezing temperatures limit the amount of time biological materials may be stored and preserved.
  • non-freezing temperatures may require additional protocols.
  • platelets require mechanical agitation to prevent clumping, and can be stored this way for up to 5 days only.
  • US 3,841,515 discloses a vessel suitable for the storage of blood at low temperatures.
  • FR 2 600671 discloses a method of preserving cells by cooling to low temperature in the presence of a gelifying biopolymer.
  • EP 0 232672 discloses a process for preserving biological material which comprises freezing the biological material under conditions of temperature and pressure to avoid the formation of crystalline ice.
  • US 3,753,357 discloses a storage method for biological substances which involves subjecting the substance to a precompression pressure above atmospheric, and thereafter subjecting to isovolumetric cooling below 0°C.
  • US 5,635,344 discloses a biological matrix for shipping organ-derived cells which comprises a cell preservation medium and a congealing substance.
  • US 2,622,520 discloses a method of preserving and storing a biological material which involves applying a superatmospheric pressure to said material and then cooling under pressure, thereby preventing the formation of ice.
  • US 2,786,014 discloses sterile therapeutic preparations containing platelets in concentrated form suitable for in vivo case.
  • the present invention describes a method for preserving platelets comprising: forming a preservation medium by mixing plasma comprising platelets with gelatin, where the concentration of gelatin relative to the plasma in the resulting preservation medium is from 1.0% to 3.0%; cooling the preservation medium to a temperature of from -12 to 0°C; and storing the platelets at a pressure of 70 to 1000 atm and a temperature of -12°C to 0°C.
  • the present invention also describes an apparatus for preserving biological materials.
  • the apparatus includes a chamber having a mouth and a lip, the lip having an inside surface and a top surface, the inside surface and the top surface of the lip meeting at a first radius, the top surface of the lip having a channel.
  • the apparatus also includes a cover configured to mate with and seal the chamber, the cover having a bottom surface, the bottom surface having a protrusion and a sealing structure, the bottom surface of the cover and the protrusion meeting at a second radius, the protrusion being inserted into the mouth of the chamber when the cover is mated with the chamber, the protrusion having a side surface, the side surface of the protrusion and the inside surface of the lip defining a first gap and being substantially parallel when the cover is mated with the chamber, the bottom surface of the cover and the top surface of the lip defining a second gap and being substantially parallel when the cover is mated with the chamber, the second gap having a length greater than a width of the first gap, the sealing structure being inserted into the channel of the lip when the cover is mated with the chamber.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a graph of In K versus temperature for rate of biochemical reaction.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the phase transition lines for plasma and a 2.5% NaCl solution.
  • FIGURE 3 shows another set of phase transition lines.
  • FIGURE 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a biological material preservation apparatus of the present invention.
  • FIGURES 5A-5B shows a side cutaway and top views, respectively, of the chamber of the preservation apparatus.
  • FIGURE 6 shows a side view of the cover of the preservation apparatus.
  • FIGURE 7A-7C show a cover retaining device of the preservation apparatus.
  • the method of the present invention is capable of preserving blood, tissue, organs, and other biological materials for greater periods of time than with currently available methods. This is achieved by using a combination of: (1) a preservation solution having a gel state at the low storage temperatures employed; (2) high storage pressures greater than 70 atm; and (3) low storage temperatures less than 10°C.
  • the invention provides a method for preserving platelets comprising: forming a preservation medium by mixing plasma comprising platelets with gelatin, where the concentration of gelatin relative to the plasma in the resulting preservation medium is from 1.0% to 3.0%; cooling the preservation medium to a temperature of from -12 to 0°C; and storing the platelets at a pressure of 70 to 1000 atm and a temperature of -12°C to 0°C.
  • Temperature is one of the most important parameters to be considered when storing living biological materials. When the temperature inside a cell drops too low, irreversible biochemical and structural changes occur. Several hundred biochemical reactions take place concurrently in the living cell. The rate of these biochemical reactions depends on several factors, including pressure, temperature, viscosity of the environment, pH, and concentrations of reactive molecules.
  • a metabolic process typically includes a series of intermediate processes, in which a substrate S is converted into a series of intermediate products X 1 , X 2 , X 3 ... before being converted into a final product P .
  • the reactions may be catalyzed with different enzymes E 0 , E 1 , E 2 ...:
  • each intermediate product its rate of formation equals its rate of transformation.
  • the concentration of each intermediate product is determined by its rate constants of formation and transformation.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a graph of In K versus temperature. From 30°C to 37°C, A is constant. For different chemical reactions E and A are different. As temperature decreases, there is a misbalance of reactions rates and Equation (5) no longer holds.. This means the intermediate product concentrations corresponding to each of the biochemical reactions begin to change. This begins breakdown of cell structures, including the cell membrane, and can end in cell death.
  • the lipid bi-lay of the cell membrane undergoes a phase transmission from a colloid to a gel.
  • the viscosity of a gel is much higher then that of its colloid. Consequently, rates of diffusion and active transportation of molecules through the cell membrane decrease sharply, resulting in a slowing down of the rate of biochemical reactions in a cell.
  • the surface area of the lipid bi-lay surface and cell size reduce considerably due to the loss of water from the cell.
  • the present invention provides a method for preserving platelets comprising: forming a preservation medium by mixing plasma comprising platelets with gelatin, where the concentration of gelatin relative to the plasma in the resulting preservation medium is from 1.0% to 3.0%; cooling the preservation medium to a temperature of from -12 to 0°C; and storing the platelets at a pressure of 70 to 1000 atm and a temperature of -12°C to 0°C.
  • the preservation solution includes 1 to 3% gelatin. As it is cooled, the gelatin undergoes a phase transformation between 8°C and 15°C from a colloid to a gel. This gel suspends cells in the preservation solution. The gel reduces sedimentation and clumping of platelets. The gel also mechanically supports the cell membrane and reduces deformation of the membrane when the interior volume of the cell changes during the cooling process. The gel also lowers cell metabolism by decreasing exchange between the cell and its environment.
  • the preservation solution may also include sucrose, glucose, and/or sodium chloride.
  • the preservation solution includes less than 5% sucrose. More preferably, the preservation solution includes 1.0 to 2.0% sucrose. The sucrose repairs damage in the cell membrane caused by the cooling process.
  • the preservation solution includes less than 5% glucose. More preferably, the preservation solution includes 1.0 to 3.0% glucose.
  • the glucose provides nutrients to sustain cell metabolism in the oxygen-poor conditions caused by the cooling process. Glycolysis produces 208 J/mol.
  • the sucrose and glucose also bind water, thus promoting gel formation and inhibiting osmotic pressure build-up within the cell.
  • the sodium chloride prevents hemolysis by inhibiting the flow of water to the platelets during cooling.
  • the preservation solution includes less than 5% sodium chloride, more preferably 0.2 to 0.6% sodium chloride.
  • the cytoplasma changes from a colloid to a gel, and free water leaves the cell.
  • the hypertonic concentration of NaCl prevents water from reentering the platelets.
  • the sodium chloride also lowers the freezing point of blood plasma by 2.5°C.
  • the preservation solution includes 1.0 to 3.0% gelatin, 1.0 to 2.0% glucose, 1.0 to 3.0% sucrose, and 0.2 to 0.6% NaCl. In another embodiment, the preservation solution includes 2.9% gelatin, 0.44% sucrose, 1.17% glucose, and 0.49% NaCl.
  • the biological material is stored at a pressure greater than 70 atm and a temperature less than 10°C. In one embodiment, the biological material is stored at a pressure in the range of 70 to 1000 atm and a temperature in the range of -12°C to 0°C. In another embodiment, the biological material is stored at a pressure in the range of 400 to 500 atm and a temperature in the range of - 8°C to -7°C.
  • FIGURE 2 shows the phase transition lines for plasma and a 2.5% NaCl solution.
  • plasma freezes at -2.5°C.
  • Plasma contains various chemical which lower the freezing point by interfering with the formation of the crystal lattice structure of ice. Cell structures can be cooled to-4°C to -3 °C without water crystallization into cytoplasma.
  • the 2.5% NaCl solution freezes at -1.7°C.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the phase transition lines for water and a 2.5% NaCl solution.
  • the addition of NaCl to water as lowers the freezing point, and thus allows lower temperatures to be achieved for a given pressure.
  • the method line shows one example of how a biological material may be subjected to a combination of high pressure and low temperature to prevent freezing.
  • FIGURE 4 shows an assembled view of one embodiment of a biological material preservation apparatus 100 of the present invention.
  • Preservation apparatus 100 includes a chamber 110 and a cover 130.
  • FIGURES 5A-5B show side cutaway and top views, respectively, of chamber 110.
  • Chamber 110 includes a mouth 111 and a lip 112.
  • Lip 112 includes an inside surface 113 and a top surface 114.
  • Inside surface 113 and top surface 114 meet at a first radius r 1 .
  • Top surface 114 includes a channel 115.
  • Channel 115 may have a sealing device 116 seated at a bottom of channel 115, such as an O-ring or rubber gasket.
  • Chamber 110 may be manufactured in different sizes to accommodate a platelet bag, blood donation bag, heart, liver, kidney, or other bags and biological materials.
  • FIGURE 6 shows a cutaway view of cover 130.
  • Cover 130 is configured to mate with and seal chamber 110.
  • Cover 130 includes a bottom surface 131.
  • Bottom surface 131 includes a protrusion 132 and a sealing structure 133.
  • Bottom surface 131 and protrusion 132 meet at a second radius r 2 .
  • Protrusion 132 is inserted into mouth 111 of chamber 110 when cover 130 is mated with chamber 110.
  • Protrusion 132 includes a side surface 134.
  • Side surface 134 of protrusion 132 and inside surface 113 of lip 112 define a first gap 140 and are substantially parallel when cover 130 is mated with chamber 110.
  • Bottom surface 132 of cover 130 and top surface 118 of lip 114 define a second gap 141 and are substantially parallel when cover 130 is mated with chamber 110.
  • Second gap 141 has a length greater than a width of first gap 140.
  • Sealing structure 133 is inserted into channel 115 of lip 112 when cover 130 is mated with chamber 110.
  • Cover 130 may be made to be a spherical section, which allows cover 130 to be made lighter and with less material than a flat cover 130 without sacrificing strength.
  • preservation apparatus 100 When preservation apparatus 100 is filled with, for example, saline solution and then cooled below the freezing point, ice will begin to form along the walls of chamber 110 and cover 130. Ice will form in first gap 140 and second gap 141 and help to seal chamber 110.
  • the high pressures within chamber 110 are largely borne by this ice seal, thus minimizing the need to make channel 115, sealing device 116, and sealing structure 133 extremely robust and capable of withstanding such high pressures.
  • Channel 115, sealing device 116, and sealing structure 133 only need to withstand pressures of up to 10 atm before the ice seal takes over.
  • first gap 140 and second 141 are not critical, but may be minimized so that ice fills them before the seal is subjected to pressures above 10 atm. In one embodiment, first gap 140 and second gap 141 may be less than 2.0 mm in width.
  • Chamber 110 includes a suspension device 117 which prevents biological material or bag placed within pressure chamber from coming into contact with the walls of chamber 110. Suspension device 117 may be a net, a platform, a spacer, or any other suitable device.
  • Cover 130 may be designed to be sealed to chamber 110 directly, or with the aid of a cover retaining device 135.
  • Cover retaining device 135 may be designed to allow cover 130 to be installed and removed quickly and easily.
  • Cover retaining device 135 may be coupled to chamber 110 via a bayonet-style connection, threads, or any other suitable coupling method.
  • Cover retaining device 135 may include a centering pin 136 to keep cover retaining device 135 centered or attached to cover 130.
  • Cover retaining device 135 may also include holes 137 to allow a wrench or other tool to be used with cover retaining device 135.
  • Cover retaining device 135 may be produced in two separated pieces to simplify manufacturing.
  • FIGURES 7A-7C show cutaway and top views of a two-piece cover retaining device 135.
  • Preservation apparatus 100 may include a pressure gauge 150 with an elastic membrane 151 placed within chamber 110.
  • Pressure gauge 150 may include a relief valve 152 which prevents pressure within preservation apparatus 100 from exceeding a predetermined maximum.
  • Heparin may be used as an anticoagulant before this process is begun.

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Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zur Konservierung von Blutplättchen unter Bildung eines Konservierungsmediums durch Vermischen von Blutplättchen umfassendem Plasma mit Gelatine, wobei die Konzentration von Gelatine in Bezug auf das Plasma in dem resultierenden Konservierungsmedium bei 1,0% bis 3,0% liegt, Kühlen des Konservierungsmediums auf eine Temperatur von -12 bis 0°C und Lagern der Blutplättchen bei einem Druck von 70 bis 1000 atm und einer Temperatur von -12°C bis 0°C.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Konservierungslösung Saccharose enthält.
  3. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung weniger als 5% Saccharose enthält.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung 1,0% bis 2,0% Saccharose enthält.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung Glucose enthält.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung weniger als 5% Glucose enthält.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung 1,0% bis 3,0% Glucose enthält.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung Natriumchlorid enthält.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung weniger als 5% Natriumchlorid enthält.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der vorausgehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die Konservierungslösung 0,2% bis 0,6% Natriumchlorid enthält.
  11. Blutplättchenzusammensetzung, die ein Konservierungsmedium umfaßt, welches nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 gebildet, gekühlt und gelagert wurde.
EP99971264A 1998-10-30 1999-10-12 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum konservieren von biologischen materialien Expired - Lifetime EP1124413B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US183581 1998-10-30
US09/183,581 US6413713B1 (en) 1998-10-30 1998-10-30 Method for preserving blood platelets
PCT/US1999/023748 WO2000025580A1 (en) 1998-10-30 1999-10-12 Method and apparatus for preserving biological materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1124413A1 EP1124413A1 (de) 2001-08-22
EP1124413B1 true EP1124413B1 (de) 2003-04-23

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US (3) US6413713B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1124413B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2002528469A (de)
AT (1) ATE237926T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1203100A (de)
CA (1) CA2348539A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69907247T2 (de)
WO (1) WO2000025580A1 (de)

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US20020009705A1 (en) 2002-01-24
DE69907247T2 (de) 2004-02-26
US20040223957A1 (en) 2004-11-11
US6413713B1 (en) 2002-07-02
US6828090B2 (en) 2004-12-07
DE69907247D1 (de) 2003-05-28
EP1124413A1 (de) 2001-08-22
CA2348539A1 (en) 2000-05-11
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US7202020B2 (en) 2007-04-10
AU1203100A (en) 2000-05-22
WO2000025580A1 (en) 2000-05-11

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